Madinah Arabic Book 3 — Page 7

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

تُعْرَبُ الأَسْمَاءُ الْخَمْسَةُ بِهَذِهِ الْعَلَامَاتِ إِذَا كَانَتْ مُضَافَةً إِلَى غَيْرِ يَاءِ الْمُتَكَلِّمِ، وَإِلَّا أُعْرِبَتْ بِالْعَلَامَاتِ الأَصْلِيَّةِ، نَحْوَ: لِي أَخٌ.

The five nouns are inflected with these signs if they are annexed to something other than the first-person singular pronoun, otherwise they are inflected with the original signs, such as: I have a brother.

سَأَلْتُ أَخًا.

I asked a brother.

أَنْتَ كَأَخٍ.

You are like a brother.

(٤) جَمْعُ الْمُذَكَّرِ السَّالِمِ.

(4) The sound masculine plural.

كُلُّ الْعَلَامَاتِ فِيهِ فَرْعِيَّةٌ.

All the signs in it are secondary.

وَهِيَ: عَلَامَةُ الرَّفْعِ الْوَاوُ نَحْوَ: دَخَلَ الْمُدَرِّسُونَ.

They are: the sign of the nominative case is the waw, such as: the teachers entered.

عَلَامَةُ النَّصْبِ الْيَاءُ نَحْوَ: سَأَلْتُ الْمُدَرِّسِينَ.

The sign of the accusative case is the ya, such as: I asked the teachers.

عَلَامَةُ الْجَرِّ الْيَاءُ نَحْوَ: هَذِهِ غُرْفَةُ الْمُدَرِّسِينَ.

The sign of the genitive case is the ya, such as: this is the teachers' room.

(٥) الْمُثَنَّى.

(5) The dual.

كُلُّ الْعَلَامَاتِ فِيهِ فَرْعِيَّةٌ وَهِيَ: عَلَامَةُ الرَّفْعِ الأَلِفُ نَحْوَ: غَابَ طَالِبَانِ.

All the signs in it are secondary, and they are: the sign of the nominative case is the alif, such as: two students were absent.

عَلَامَةُ النَّصْبِ الْيَاءُ نَحْوَ: طَلَبَ الْمُدِيرُ طَالِبَيْنِ.

The sign of the accusative case is the ya, such as: the principal requested two students.

عَلَامَةُ الْجَرِّ الْيَاءُ نَحْوَ: هَذِهِ الْغُرْفَةُ لِطَالِبَيْنِ.

The sign of the genitive case is the ya, such as: this room is for two students.

الإِعْرَابُ التَّقْدِيرِيُّ: لَا تَظْهَرُ عَلَامَاتُ الإِعْرَابِ فِي ثَلَاثَةِ أَنْوَاعٍ مِنَ الأَسْمَاءِ، فَتُقَدَّرُ فِيهَا الْعَلَامَاتُ.

Estimated inflection: Inflection signs do not appear in three types of nouns, so the signs are estimated in them.

وَهَذِهِ الأَنْوَاعُ هِيَ: الْمَقْصُورُ، وَالْمَنْقُوصُ، وَالْمُضَافُ إِلَى يَاءِ الْمُتَكَلِّمِ.

These types are: the maqsur (ending in an alif), the manqus (ending in a ya), and the noun annexed to the first-person singular pronoun.

Vocabulary · المفردات (8 verbs · 28 nouns)

• أَعْرَبَ — to parse
• كَانَ — to be
• سَأَلَ — to ask
• دَخَلَ — to enter
• غَابَ — to stay away
• طَلَبَ — to request
• ظَهَرَ — to appear
• قَدَّرَ — to estimate
• اِسْم — noun
• خَمْسَة — five
• عَلَامَةٌ — sign
• مُضَاف — genitive construct
• يَاء — ya letter
• مُتَكَلِّم — speaker
• أَصْلِيٌّ — original
• أَخ — brother
• جَمْع — plural
• مُذَكَّر — masculine
• سَالِم — sound
• فَرْعِيٌّ — secondary
• رَفْع — nominative case
• وَاو — waw letter
• مُدَرِّس — teacher
• نَصْب — accusative case
• جَرٌّ — genitive case
• غُرْفَة — room
• مُثَنَّى — dual
• أَلِف — alif letter
• طَالِب — student
• مُدِير — manager
• إِعْرَاب — grammatical inflection
• تَقْدِيرِيٌّ — estimated
• ثَلَاثَة — three
• نَوْع — type
• مَقْصُور — maqsur noun
• مَنْقُوص — manqus noun