Madinah Arabic Book 3 — Page 6

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

عَلَامَاتُ الْإِعْرَابِ الْأَصْلِيَّةُ وَالْفَرْعِيَّةُ:

Original and secondary inflectional signs:

عَلَامَاتُ الْإِعْرَابِ الْأَصْلِيَّةُ فِي الِاسْمِ:

Original inflectional signs in the noun:

الضَّمَّةُ: وَهِيَ عَلَامَةُ الرَّفْعِ.

The damma: It is the sign of the nominative case.

الْفَتْحَةُ: وَهِيَ عَلَامَةُ النَّصْبِ.

The fatha: It is the sign of the accusative case.

الْكَسْرَةُ: وَهِيَ عَلَامَةُ الْجَرِّ.

The kasra: It is the sign of the genitive case.

وَهُنَاكَ عَلَامَاتٌ أُخْرَى فَرْعِيَّةٌ، وَهِيَ فِي الْأَنْوَاعِ الْآتِيَةِ مِنَ الْأَسْمَاءِ:

There are other secondary signs, and they are in the following types of nouns:

(١) جَمْعُ الْمُؤَنَّثِ السَّالِمِ: عَلَامَةُ النَّصْبِ فِيهِ الْكَسْرَةُ نَحْوَ: خَلَقَ اللَّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ.

(1) The sound feminine plural: The sign of the accusative case in it is the kasra, such as: God created the heavens and the earth.

(٢) الْمَمْنُوعُ مِنَ الصَّرْفِ: عَلَامَةُ الْجَرِّ فِيهِ الْفَتْحَةُ، نَحْوَ: اذْهَبْ إِلَى فِرْعَوْنَ.

(2) The diptote (noun prohibited from declension): The sign of the genitive case in it is the fatha, such as: Go to Pharaoh.

(٣) الْأَسْمَاءُ الْخَمْسَةُ: أَبُوكَ، أَخُوكَ، حَمُوكَ، فُوكَ، ذُو.

(3) The five nouns: your father, your brother, your father-in-law, your mouth, possessor of.

وَهِيَ كُلُّ الْعَلَامَاتِ فِيهَا فَرْعِيَّةٌ.

And all the signs in them are secondary.

وَهِيَ: عَلَامَةُ الرَّفْعِ الْوَاوُ نَحْوَ: أَجَاءَ أَبُوكَ؟

They are: The sign of the nominative case is the waw, such as: Did your father come?

عَلَامَةُ النَّصْبِ الْأَلِفُ نَحْوَ: أَعْرِفُ أَبَاكَ.

The sign of the accusative case is the alif, such as: I know your father.

عَلَامَةُ الْجَرِّ الْيَاءُ نَحْوَ: أَيْنَ سَيَّارَةُ أَبِيكَ؟

The sign of the genitive case is the ya, such as: Where is your father's car?

Vocabulary · المفردات (4 verbs · 29 nouns)

• خَلَقَ — to create
• ذَهَبَ — to go
• جَاءَ — to come
• عَرَفَ — to know
• عَلَامَةٌ — sign
• إِعْرَاب — grammatical inflection
• أَصْلِيٌّ — original
• فَرْعِيٌّ — secondary
• اسْمٌ — noun
• ضَمَّة — damma
• رَفْع — nominative case
• فَتْحَة — fatha
• نَصْب — accusative case
• كَسْرَة — kasra
• جَرٌّ — genitive case
• نَوْع — type
• آت — following
• جَمْع — plural
• مُؤَنَّث — feminine
• سَالِم — sound
• سَمَاء — heaven
• أَرْض — earth
• مَمْنُوع — forbidden
• صَرْف — diptote declension
• أَبٌ — father
• أَخ — brother
• حَمٌ — father-in-law
• فَم — mouth
• ذُو — possessor of
• وَاو — waw
• أَلِف — alif
• يَاء — ya
• سَيَّارَة — car