Kuwaiti Arabic Curriculum — Grade 12, Term 1 (لغتي العربية) — Page 156

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْقَصَائِدُ بَيْنَ مِائَةٍ وَسِتَّةٍ وَعِشْرِينَ أَوْ مِائَةٍ وَثَمَانٍ وَعِشْرِينَ أَوْ مِائَةٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ قَصِيدَةً وَفِيهَا بَعْضُ الْمَقْطُوعَاتِ، وَعَدَدُ شُعَرَائِهَا سَبْعَةٌ وَسِتُّونَ شَاعِرًا أَوْ تِسْعَةٌ وَسِتُّونَ، وَمُعْظَمُهُمْ مِنْ شُعَرَاءِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَبَيْنَهُمُ الْمُرَقِّشَانِ الْأَكْبَرُ وَالْأَصْغَرُ وَهُمَا مِنْ أَقْدَمِ الشُّعَرَاءِ الْمَعْرُوفِينَ، وَمِنْهُمْ أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ شَاعِرًا مِنَ الْمُخَضْرَمِينَ، ثُمَّ سِتَّةٌ فَقَطْ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِيِّينَ، وَلَمْ يُدْخِلِ الْمُفَضَّلُ فِي مُخْتَارَاتِهِ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْمُعَلَّقَاتِ، وَلَمْ يَتَعَرَّضْ لِشَاعِرٍ مِنْ شُعَرَائِهَا عَدَا الْحَارِثِ بْنِ حِلِّزَةَ الْيَشْكُرِيِّ، فَقَدْ أَوْرَدَ لَهُ ثَلَاثَ قَصَائِدَ مُغَايِرَةً لِمُعَلَّقَتِهِ.

The collection contains between 126 and 130 poems, along with several shorter pieces. Its 67 to 69 poets are mostly from the pre-Islamic era, including the two Muraqqish poets—the elder and the younger—who rank among the earliest known figures in the tradition. There are fourteen poets who lived through both the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods, and only six who are strictly Islamic. Al-Mufaddal excluded the Mu'allaqat from his selections, and he included no poets from that group except for Al-Harith ibn Hilliza al-Yashkuri, for whom he chose three poems other than his famous Mu'allaqa.

ثُمَّ تَأْتِينَا الْمَجْمُوعَةُ الثَّالِثَةُ الَّتِي دُوِّنَتْ عَنِ الشِّعْرِ الْجَاهِلِيِّ وَهِيَ الْأَصْمَعِيَّاتُ نِسْبَةً إِلَى جَامِعِهَا وَمُدَوِّنِهَا أَبِي سَعِيدٍ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ قَرِيبٍ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَصْمَعَ صَاحِبِ اللُّغَةِ وَالنَّحْوِ وَالْغَرِيبِ وَالْأَخْبَارِ وَالْمُلَحِ، وَهُوَ بَصْرِيٌّ، وَاسْتَقْدَمَهُ الرَّشِيدُ إِلَى بَغْدَادَ عَلَى دَوَابِّ الْبَرِيدِ، لِمَا بَلَغَهُ مِنْ عِلْمِهِ وَفَضْلِهِ وَاتِّسَاعِ دِرَايَتِهِ لِلُّغَةِ، وَرِوَايَتِهِ لِأَنْسَابِ الْعَرَبِ وَأَيَّامِهَا وَأَخْبَارِهَا وَأَشْعَارِهَا وَأَرْجَازِهَا.

The third collection of pre-Islamic poetry is the Asma'iyyat, named for its compiler, Abu Sa'id Abd al-Malik ibn Qurayb ibn Ali ibn Asma'. A native of Basra, he was a master of linguistics, grammar, rare vocabulary, historical anecdotes, and wit. Caliph Al-Rashid had him brought to Baghdad by postal courier, drawn by his reputation for deep learning, his command of the language, and his vast knowledge of Arab genealogy, tribal history, and the various forms of poetry and rajaz.

وَقَدِ اخْتَلَطَتِ الْأَصْمَعِيَّاتُ بِالْمُفَضَّلِيَّاتِ فِي مُعْظَمِ الْمَخْطُوطَاتِ الَّتِي وَصَلَتْ إِلَيْنَا، حَتَّى فِيمَا حَقَّقَهُ الْمُسْتَشْرِقُونَ مِنْهَا وَطَبَعُوهُ، وَلَكِنَّ الْأُسْتَاذَيْنِ أَحْمَدَ شَاكِرَ وَعَبْدَ السَّلَامِ هَارُونَ اسْتَطَاعَا أَنْ يُحَقِّقَا طَبْعَةً خَاصَّةً بِالْأَصْمَعِيَّاتِ الَّتِي أَخَلَّتْ بِهَا الْمُفَضَّلِيَّاتُ، وَنَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ نَقُولَ إِنَّ هَاتَيْنِ الْمَجْمُوعَتَيْنِ الْمُفَضَّلِيَّاتِ وَالْأَصْمَعِيَّاتِ قَدْ ضَمَّتَا أَهَمَّ مَحْصُولِ الْقَصَائِدِ الَّتِي لَمْ تُدَوَّنْ فِي دَوَاوِينِ الشُّعَرَاءِ الْكِبَارِ الْجَاهِلِيِّينَ، وَتَحْوِي الْأَصْمَعِيَّاتُ مُخْتَارَاتٍ لِاثْنَيْنِ وَسَبْعِينَ شَاعِرًا، فِي اثْنَتَيْنِ وَتِسْعِينَ قِطْعَةً شِعْرِيَّةً أَكْثَرُهَا قَصَائِدُ، وَقَلِيلٌ مِنْهَا أَرَاجِيزُ، وَمُعْظَمُ شُعَرَائِهَا جَاهِلِيُّونَ وَقَلِيلٌ مِنْهُمُ الْمُخَضْرَمُونَ وَالْإِسْلَامِيُّونَ، وَفِيهَا قَصِيدَةٌ لِكُلٍّ مِنْ امْرِئِ الْقَيْسِ وَطَرَفَةَ غَيْرَ مُعَلَّقَتَيْهِمَا.

The Asma'iyyat and the Mufaddaliyyat were often conflated in surviving manuscripts, even in editions published by Orientalists. However, scholars Ahmad Shakir and Abd al-Salam Harun successfully produced a distinct edition of the Asma'iyyat, separating it from the Mufaddaliyyat. Together, these two collections preserve the most significant body of poetry not found in the collected works of the great pre-Islamic masters. The Asma'iyyat includes selections from 72 poets across 92 pieces—mostly long poems with a few rajaz fragments. Most of these poets are pre-Islamic, with a smaller number from the transitional and Islamic periods, including poems by Imru' al-Qays and Tarafa that are not their respective Mu'allaqat.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (28 verbs · 109 nouns)

• دَوَّنَ — to record
• أَدْخَلَ — to insert
• تَعَرَّضَ — to deal with
• قَصِيدَة — poem
• مَقْطُوعَة — fragment
• عَدَد — number