Egyptian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 9 — Page 12

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

بِتَأَمُّلِ الكَلِمَاتِ الَّتِي تَحْتَهَا خَطٌّ بِالقِطْعَةِ تَجِدُ أَنَّهَا مُنَادًى، وَتَسْبِقُهَا أَدَاةُ نِدَاءٍ (يَا).

If you look at the underlined words in the passage, you will find they are in the vocative case, preceded by the vocative particle (ya).

وَهُنَاكَ أَدَوَاتٌ أُخْرَى لِلنِّدَاءِ لَمْ تَرِدْ بِالقِطْعَةِ: (أَيْ، الهَمْزَةُ، أَيَا)، وَتُسْتَعْمَلُ هَذِهِ الأَدَوَاتُ عَلَى النَّحْوِ التَّالِي:

There are other vocative particles not used in this passage: (ay, hamza, aya), which are used as follows:

(أَيْ، الهَمْزَةُ) لِنِدَاءِ القَرِيبِ:

(Ay, hamza) are used to address someone nearby:

فَإِذَا كَانَ المُنَادَى قَرِيبًا بِحَيْثُ لَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى رَفْعِ الصَّوْتِ وَمَدِّهِ؛ فَإِنَّنَا نَسْتَخْدِمُ (أَيْ، الهَمْزَةَ) فَنَقُولُ: أَيْ عَادِلٌ...، أَمُحَمَّدُ.

If the person being addressed is close enough that you do not need to raise or project your voice, use (ay, hamza), for example: Ay Adil..., A-Muhammad.

أَمَّا إِذَا كَانَ المُنَادَى بَعِيدًا بِحَيْثُ يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى رَفْعِ الصَّوْتِ، وَمَدِّهِ؛ فَإِنَّنَا نَسْتَخْدِمُ (أَيَا، هَيَا) فَنَقُولُ: أَيَا عَادِلُ...، هَيَا مُحَمَّدُ.

If the person being addressed is far away and requires you to raise and project your voice, use (aya, haya), for example: Aya Adil..., Haya Muhammad.

أَمَّا (يَا) فَإِنَّهَا تُسْتَخْدَمُ لِنِدَاءِ القَرِيبِ وَالبَعِيدِ عَلَى السَّوَاءِ.

(Ya) is used to address both those nearby and those far away.

لَاحِظْ مَا يَلِي:

Observe the following:

أَنْوَاعُ المُنَادَى وَإِعْرَابُهُ:

Types of vocatives and their grammatical parsing:

أَوَّلًا: المُنَادَى المُضَافُ.

First: The construct state vocative.

مِثْلُ: "يَا شَبَابَ الوَطَنِ" شَبَابَ مُنَادًى مُضَافٌ، وَالوَطَنِ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ.

Example: "O youth of the homeland," where shabab is the vocative in a construct state, and al-watan is the genitive noun.

يُنْصَبُ المُنَادَى المُضَافُ بِالفَتْحَةِ، أَوْ مَا يَنُوبُ عَنْهَا، عَلَى النَّحْوِ التَّالِي:

The construct state vocative is marked by the fatha or its equivalent in the accusative case, as follows:

الفَتْحَةُ مَعَ المُفْرَدِ مِثْلُ: يَا طَالِبَ العِلْمِ.

The fatha for singular nouns, such as: O student of knowledge.

وَمَعَ جَمْعِ التَّكْسِيرِ مِثْلُ: يَا طُلَّابَ العِلْمِ.

The fatha for broken plurals, such as: O students of knowledge.

وَالكَسْرَةُ مَعَ جَمْعِ المُؤَنَّثِ السَّالِمِ مِثْلُ: يَا طَالِبَاتِ المَجْدِ.

The kasra for sound feminine plurals, such as: O seekers of glory.

وَاليَاءُ مَعَ المُثَنَّى مِثْلُ: يَا طَالِبَيِ العِلْمِ... يَا طَالِبَتَيِ العِلْمِ.

The ya for dual nouns, such as: O two students of knowledge... O two female students of knowledge.

وَمَعَ جَمْعِ المُذَكَّرِ السَّالِمِ مِثْلُ: يَا طَالِبِي العِلْمِ.

The ya for sound masculine plurals, such as: O students of knowledge.

وَالأَلِفُ مَعَ الأَسْمَاءِ الخَمْسَةِ مِثْلُ: يَا ذَا المَالِ أَنْفِقْ عَلَى الفُقَرَاءِ.

The alif for the five nouns, such as: O possessor of wealth, spend on the poor.

Vocabulary · المفردات (12 verbs · 42 nouns)

• تَأَمَّلَ — to contemplate
• وَجَدَ — to find
• سَبَقَ — to precede
• وَرَدَ — to arrive
• اِسْتَعْمَلَ — to use
• اِحْتَاجَ — to need
• اِسْتَخْدَمَ — to use
• قَالَ — to say
• لَاحَظَ — to observe
• نَصَبَ — to set in accusative case
• نَابَ — to substitute
• أَنْفَقَ — to spend
• وَحْدَةٌ — unit
• دَرْسٌ — lesson
• كَلِمَةٌ — a word (grammatical term)
• خَطٌّ — line
• قِطْعَةٌ — piece
• مُنَادًى — vocative
• أَدَاةٌ — tool
• نِدَاءٌ — call
• هَمْزَةٌ — final (hamza)
• نَحْوٌ — manner
• قَرِيبٌ — near
• صَوْتٌ — voice
• مَدٌّ — extension
• بَعِيدٌ — far
• سَوَاءٌ — equality
• نَوْعٌ — type
• إِعْرَابٌ — parsing
• مُضَافٌ — annexed
• شَبَابٌ — youth
• وَطَنٌ — homeland
• فَتْحَةٌ — fatha
• مُفْرَدٌ — singular
• طَالِبٌ — student
• عِلْمٌ — knowledge
• جَمْعٌ — plural
• تَكْسِيرٌ — broken
• طَالِبَةٌ — female student
• كَسْرَةٌ — kasra
• مُؤَنَّثٌ — feminine
• سَالِمٌ — safe; sound; intact; healthy
• مَجْدٌ — glory
• يَاءٌ — ya
• مُثَنَّى — dual
• مُذَكَّرٌ — masculine
• أَلِفٌ — alif
• اِسْمٌ — noun
• خَمْسَةٌ — five
• ذُو — possessor
• مَالٌ — money
• فَقِيرٌ — poor
• عَادِل — fair
• أُولَى — first (feminine)