Egyptian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 9 — Page 12

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

بِتَأَمُّلِ الكَلِمَاتِ الَّتِي تَحْتَهَا خَطٌّ بِالقِطْعَةِ تَجِدُ أَنَّهَا مُنَادًى، وَتَسْبِقُهَا أَدَاةُ نِدَاءٍ (يَا).

(from previous page) ⟵ You all possess the strong will to reflect on the words underlined in the passage, and you will find that they are a vocative, preceded by a vocative particle (ya).

وَهُنَاكَ أَدَوَاتٌ أُخْرَى لِلنِّدَاءِ لَمْ تَرِدْ بِالقِطْعَةِ: (أَيْ، الهَمْزَةُ، أَيَا)، وَتُسْتَعْمَلُ هَذِهِ الأَدَوَاتُ عَلَى النَّحْوِ التَّالِي:

There are other vocative particles not used in this passage: (ay, hamza, aya), which are used as follows:

(أَيْ، الهَمْزَةُ) لِنِدَاءِ القَرِيبِ:

(Ay, hamza) are used to address someone nearby:

فَإِذَا كَانَ المُنَادَى قَرِيبًا بِحَيْثُ لَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى رَفْعِ الصَّوْتِ وَمَدِّهِ؛ فَإِنَّنَا نَسْتَخْدِمُ (أَيْ، الهَمْزَةَ) فَنَقُولُ: أَيْ عَادِلٌ...، أَمُحَمَّدُ.

If the person being addressed is close enough that you do not need to raise or project your voice, use (ay, hamza), for example: Ay Adil..., A-Muhammad.

أَمَّا إِذَا كَانَ المُنَادَى بَعِيدًا بِحَيْثُ يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى رَفْعِ الصَّوْتِ، وَمَدِّهِ؛ فَإِنَّنَا نَسْتَخْدِمُ (أَيَا، هَيَا) فَنَقُولُ: أَيَا عَادِلُ...، هَيَا مُحَمَّدُ.

If the person being addressed is far away and requires you to raise and project your voice, use (aya, haya), for example: Aya Adil..., Haya Muhammad.

أَمَّا (يَا) فَإِنَّهَا تُسْتَخْدَمُ لِنِدَاءِ القَرِيبِ وَالبَعِيدِ عَلَى السَّوَاءِ.

(Ya) is used to address both those nearby and those far away.

لَاحِظْ مَا يَلِي:

Observe the following:

أَنْوَاعُ المُنَادَى وَإِعْرَابُهُ:

Types of vocatives and their grammatical parsing:

أَوَّلًا: المُنَادَى المُضَافُ.

First: The construct state vocative.

مِثْلُ: "يَا شَبَابَ الوَطَنِ" شَبَابَ مُنَادًى مُضَافٌ، وَالوَطَنِ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ.

Example: "O youth of the homeland," where shabab is the vocative in a construct state, and al-watan is the genitive noun.

يُنْصَبُ المُنَادَى المُضَافُ بِالفَتْحَةِ، أَوْ مَا يَنُوبُ عَنْهَا، عَلَى النَّحْوِ التَّالِي:

The construct state vocative is marked by the fatha or its equivalent in the accusative case, as follows:

الفَتْحَةُ مَعَ المُفْرَدِ مِثْلُ: يَا طَالِبَ العِلْمِ.

The fatha for singular nouns, such as: O student of knowledge.

وَمَعَ جَمْعِ التَّكْسِيرِ مِثْلُ: يَا طُلَّابَ العِلْمِ.

The fatha for broken plurals, such as: O students of knowledge.

وَالكَسْرَةُ مَعَ جَمْعِ المُؤَنَّثِ السَّالِمِ مِثْلُ: يَا طَالِبَاتِ المَجْدِ.

The kasra for sound feminine plurals, such as: O seekers of glory.

وَاليَاءُ مَعَ المُثَنَّى مِثْلُ: يَا طَالِبَيِ العِلْمِ... يَا طَالِبَتَيِ العِلْمِ.

The ya for dual nouns, such as: O two students of knowledge... O two female students of knowledge.

وَمَعَ جَمْعِ المُذَكَّرِ السَّالِمِ مِثْلُ: يَا طَالِبِي العِلْمِ.

The ya for sound masculine plurals, such as: O students of knowledge.

وَالأَلِفُ مَعَ الأَسْمَاءِ الخَمْسَةِ مِثْلُ: يَا ذَا المَالِ أَنْفِقْ عَلَى الفُقَرَاءِ.

The alif for the five nouns, such as: O possessor of wealth, spend on the poor.

Vocabulary · المفردات (12 verbs · 41 nouns)

• تَأَمَّلَ — to contemplate
• وَجَدَ — to find
• سَبَقَ — to precede
• وَرَدَ — to arrive
• اِسْتَعْمَلَ — to use
• اِحْتَاجَ — to need
• اِسْتَخْدَمَ — to use
• قَالَ — to say
• لَاحَظَ — to observe
• نَصَبَ — to set in accusative case
• نَابَ — to substitute
• أَنْفَقَ — to spend
• وَحْدَةٌ — unit
• دَرْسٌ — lesson
• كَلِمَةٌ — a word (grammatical term)
• خَطٌّ — line
• قِطْعَةٌ — piece
• مُنَادًى — vocative
• أَدَاةٌ — tool
• نِدَاءٌ — call
• هَمْزَةٌ — final (hamza)
• نَحْوٌ — manner
• قَرِيبٌ — near
• صَوْتٌ — voice
• مَدٌّ — extension
• بَعِيدٌ — far
• سَوَاءٌ — equality
• نَوْعٌ — type
• إِعْرَابٌ — parsing
• مُضَافٌ — annexed
• شَبَابٌ — youth
• وَطَنٌ — homeland
• فَتْحَةٌ — fatha
• مُفْرَدٌ — singular
• عِلْمٌ — knowledge
• جَمْعٌ — plural
• تَكْسِيرٌ — broken
• طَالِبَةٌ — female student
• كَسْرَةٌ — kasra
• مُؤَنَّثٌ — feminine
• سَالِمٌ — safe; sound; intact; healthy
• مَجْدٌ — glory
• يَاءٌ — ya
• مُثَنَّى — dual
• مُذَكَّرٌ — masculine
• أَلِفٌ — alif
• اِسْمٌ — noun
• خَمْسَةٌ — five
• ذُو — possessor
• مَالٌ — money
• فَقِيرٌ — poor
• عَادِل — fair
• أُولَى — first (feminine)