Egyptian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 8, Semester 1 — Page 9

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

س ٦ : أُحَدِّدُ الفِعْلَ المَبْنِيَّ لِلْمَعْلُومِ وَالمَبْنِي لِلْمَجْهُولِ، وَأُبَيِّنُ مَرْفُوعَهُ :

Q 6: Identify the active and passive verbs, and specify their nominative (subject or deputy subject):

١. تَحَرَّرَتْ سِينَاءُ مِنَ الِاحْتِلَالِ.

1. Sinai was liberated from occupation.

٢. يَخْدِمُ كُلُّ عَامِلٍ وَطَنَهُ.

2. Every worker serves his homeland.

٣. تَسَلَّحُوا بِالْعِلْمِ تَسَلُّحًا.

3. Arm yourselves thoroughly with knowledge.

٤. كُرِّمَتِ المَرْأَةُ فِي مِصْرَ.

4. Women have been honored in Egypt.

٥. يُقَدِّرُ ذُو العِلْمِ مِنَ المُجْتَمَعِ.

5. The learned person is appreciated by society.

٦. يُسْتَخْرَجُ البِتْرُولُ مِن بَاطِنِ الأَرْضِ.

6. Petroleum is extracted from the earth's depths.

س ٧ : أَبْنِي الأَفْعَالَ الآتِيَةَ لِلْمَجْهُولِ، وَأُغَيِّرُ مَا يَلْزَمُ :

Q 7: Convert the following verbs to passive, making any necessary changes:

١. يَنْشُرُ الشُّرْطِيُّ الأَمْنَ فِي البِلَادِ.

1. The policeman spreads security in the country.

٢. كَافَأَ المُعَلِّمُ المُتَفَوِّقِينَ.

2. The teacher rewarded the high achievers.

٣. هَزَمَ المِصْرِيُّونَ المُعْتَدِينَ فِي حَرْبِ أُكْتُوبَرَ.

3. The Egyptians defeated the aggressors in the October War.

٤. يُعِينُ المِصْرِيُّ أَخَاهُ فِي كُلِّ مَكَانٍ.

4. Egyptians help their brothers everywhere.

• الفِعْلُ المَبْنِي لِلْمَعْلُومِ : فَاعِلُهُ مَوْجُودٌ بِالجُمْلَةِ.

• Active verb: its subject is present in the sentence.

الفِعْلُ المَبْنِي لِلْمَجْهُولِ : فَاعِلُهُ غَيْرُ مَوْجُودٍ بِالجُمْلَةِ.

Passive verb: its subject is absent from the sentence.

عِنْدَ بِنَاءِ الفِعْلِ لِلْمَجْهُولِ : يُحْذَفُ الفَاعِلُ وَمَا يَتَّصِلُ بِهِ وَيُصْبِحُ المَفْعُولُ بِهِ نَائِبَ فَاعِلٍ مَرْفُوعًا، وَيُضْبَطُ الفِعْلُ المَاضِي بِحَيْثُ يُضَمُّ أَوَّلُهُ وَيُكْسَرُ مَا قَبْلَ آخِرِهِ، أَمَّا المُضَارِعُ فَيُضَمُّ أَوَّلُهُ وَيُفْتَحُ مَا قَبْلَ آخِرِهِ.

When converting a verb to passive: the subject and its modifiers are removed, and the direct object becomes a nominative deputy subject. For past tense verbs, the first letter is vocalized with a damma and the penultimate letter with a kasra; for present tense verbs, the first letter is vocalized with a damma and the penultimate letter with a fatha.

س ٨ : أَسْتَخْرِجُ الحَالَ الجُمْلَةَ، وَأُبَيِّنُ نَوْعَهَا :

Q 8: Extract the clausal state (hal) and identify its type:

١. هَجَمَ الجُنُودُ عَلَى الأَعْدَاءِ وَقُلُوبُهُمْ ثَابِتَةٌ.

1. The soldiers attacked the enemy with steady hearts.

٢. وَقَفَ الطُّلَّابُ يُحَيُّونَ العَلَمَ.

2. The students stood saluting the flag.

٣. عُدْنَا مِنَ الرِّحْلَةِ وَنَحْنُ سُعَدَاءُ.

3. We returned from the trip feeling happy.

٤. يَسْعَى أَبْنَاءُ مِصْرَ إِلَى تَحْقِيقِ التَّقَدُّمِ وَهُمْ مُخْلِصُونَ.

4. Egypt's children strive for progress with sincerity.

س ٩ : أَسْتَخْرِجُ الحَالَ شِبْهَ الجُمْلَةِ، وَأَذْكُرُ مَحَلَّهَا الإِعْرَابِيَّ :

Q 9: Extract the semi-clausal state (hal) and state its grammatical position:

١. نَظَرْتُ إِلَى الإِمَامِ فَوْقَ المِنْبَرِ.

1. I looked at the Imam on the pulpit.

٢. شَاهَدْتُ الجُنْدِيَّ عَلَى الجَبْهَةِ.

2. I watched the soldier on the front line.

٣. أُنْصِتُ إِلَى مُعَلِّمِي بِاحْتِرَامٍ شَدِيدٍ.

3. I listen to my teacher with great respect.

٤. رَأَيْتُ المُعَلِّمَ بَيْنَ طُلَّابِهِ.

4. I saw the teacher among his students.

الحَالُ الجُمْلَةُ : تَكُونُ فِي مَحَلِّ نَصْبٍ، وَلَا بُدَّ أَنْ تَشْتَمِلَ عَلَى رَابِطٍ يَرْبِطُهَا بِصَاحِبِ الحَالِ، وَقَدْ يَكُونُ الضَّمِيرَ أَوِ الوَاوَ أَوْ هُمَا مَعًا، وَتَقَعُ بَعْدَ مَعْرِفَةٍ.

The clausal state: it is in the accusative position and must include a connector linking it to the subject of the state. This connector may be a pronoun, the particle 'wa', or both, and it follows a definite noun.

الحَالُ شِبْهُ الجُمْلَةِ : هِيَ مَا كَانَتْ ظَرْفًا أَوْ جَارًّا وَمَجْرُورًا، وَتَكُونُ فِي مَحَلِّ نَصْبٍ، وَتَقَعُ بَعْدَ مَعْرِفَةٍ.

The semi-clausal state: it consists of an adverb or a prepositional phrase, is in the accusative position, and follows a definite noun.

Vocabulary · المفردات (35 verbs · 67 nouns)

• حَدَّدَ — to determine
• تَحَرَّرَ — to be liberated
• خَدَمَ — to serve
• تَسَلَّحَ — to arm oneself
• كَرَّمَ — to honor
• قَدَّرَ — to appreciate
• اسْتَخْرَجَ — to extract
• بَنَى — to build
• غَيَّرَ — to change
• لَزِمَ — to be necessary
• نَشَرَ — to spread
• كَافَأَ — to reward
• هَزَمَ — to defeat
• أَعَانَ — to help
• وَجَدَ — to find
• حَذَفَ — to delete
• اتَّصَلَ — to connect
• أَصْبَحَ — to become
• ضَبَطَ — to regulate
• ضَمَّ — to join/damma
• كَسَرَ — to break/kasra
• فَتَحَ — to open/fatha
• هَجَمَ — to attack
• وَقَفَ — to stand
• حَيَّا — to greet
• عَادَ — to return
• سَعَى — to strive
• ذَكَرَ — to mention
• نَظَرَ — to look
• شَاهَدَ — to watch
• أَنْصَتَ — to listen
• رَأَى — to see
• اشْتَمَلَ — to include
• رَبَطَ — to connect
• وَقَعَ — to fall/be located
• فِعْلٌ — Form I (verb pattern)
• مَعْلُومٌ — active
• مَجْهُولٌ — passive voice, unknown
• مَرْفُوعٌ — nominative
• احْتِلَالٌ — occupation
• عَامِلٌ — (male) worker
• وَطَنٌ — homeland
• عِلْمٌ — knowledge
• تَسَلُّحٌ — arming
• امْرَأَةٌ — (female) woman
• مُجْتَمَعٌ — society
• بِتْرُولٌ — petroleum
• بَاطِنٌ — interior
• أَرْضٌ — earth
• شُرْطِيٌّ — (male) policeman
• أَمْنٌ — security
• بِلَادٌ — countries
• مُعَلِّمٌ — Teacher
• مُتَفَوِّقٌ — (male) achiever
• مِصْرِيٌّ — Egyptian
• مُعْتَدٍ — (male) aggressor
• حَرْبٌ — war
• أَخٌ — brother
• مَكَانٌ — place, location, site
• فَاعِلٌ — active/doer
• مَوْجُودٌ — present
• جُمْلَةٌ — sentence
• بِنَاءٌ — construction
• مَفْعُولٌ — object
• نَائِبٌ — deputy
• مَاضِي — past
• أَوَّلٌ — first
• آخِرٌ — last
• مُضَارِعٌ — present
• حَالٌ — state
• نَوْعٌ — type
• جُنْدِيٌّ — soldier
• عَدُوٌّ — enemy
• قَلْبٌ — heart
• ثَابِتٌ — fixed
• طَالِبٌ — student
• رِحْلَةٌ — trip
• سَعِيدٌ — (male) happy
• ابْنٌ — (male) son
• تَحْقِيقٌ — realization
• تَقَدُّمٌ — progress
• مُخْلِصٌ — (male) sincere
• شِبْهٌ — resemblance
• مَحَلٌّ — place, location, site
• إِعْرَابِيٌّ — grammatical
• إِمَامٌ — (male) imam
• فَوْقَ — above
• مِنْبَرٌ — pulpit
• جَبْهَةٌ — front
• احْتِرَامٌ — respect
• شَدِيدٌ — intense
• نَصْبٌ — accusative
• رَابِطٌ — (male) connector
• صَاحِبٌ — (male) owner
• ضَمِيرٌ — pronoun
• وَاوٌ — letter waw
• مَعًا — together
• مَعْرِفَةٌ — definite
• ظَرْفٌ — adverb
• جَارٌّ — preposition
• مَجْرُورٌ — genitive
• أُكْتُوبَر — October