Egyptian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 7, Semester 1 — Page 8

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

ثَالِثًا الْقَوَاعِدُ النَّحْوِيَّةُ:

Third: Grammatical Rules:

س١: أَسْتَخْرِجُ الْمُبْتَدَأَ وَالْخَبَرَ وَأُبَيِّنُ عَلَامَةَ إِعْرَابِهِمَا:

Q1: Identify the subject (mubtada') and the predicate (khabar) and state their inflectional signs:

سِينَاءُ مَلِيئَةٌ بِالْكُنُوزِ.

1. Sinai is full of treasures.

٢. الشَّبَابُ قَادِرُونَ عَلَى صُنْعِ الْمُسْتَقْبَلِ.

2. The youth are capable of building the future.

٣. الْعَامِلَاتُ مُدْرِكَاتٌ وَاجِبَهُنَّ نَحْوَ الْوَطَنِ.

3. The female workers are aware of their duty toward the homeland.

٤. أَبْنَاؤُنَا ذَوُو هِمَمٍ عَالِيَةٍ.

4. Our children are people of high aspirations.

٥. الْعُلَمَاءُ مَشَاعِلُ النَّهْضَةِ فِي وَطَنِنَا.

5. Scholars are the torches of the renaissance in our homeland.

٦. الطَّالِبُ ذُو إِرَادَةٍ قَوِيَّةٍ.

6. The student is a person of strong will.

س٢: أُكْمِلُ بِالْخَبَرِ الْمَطْلُوبِ بَيْنَ الْقَوْسَيْنِ، ثُمَّ أَعْرِبُهُ:

Q2: Complete with the required predicate in parentheses, then parse it:

١. الْقَاهِرَةُ (جُمْلَةٌ اسْمِيَّةٌ).

1. Cairo (nominal sentence).

٢. الْمُعَلِّمُونَ (مُفْرَدٌ).

2. The teachers (singular).

٣. الْإِصْرَارُ (جُمْلَةٌ فِعْلِيَّةٌ).

3. Persistence (verbal sentence).

٤. الشَّبَابُ (شِبْهُ جُمْلَةٍ).

4. The youth (prepositional phrase).

س٣: أُكْمِلُ الْجُمَلَ التَّالِيَةَ بِنَاسِخٍ مُنَاسِبٍ:

Q3: Complete the following sentences with an appropriate operator (nasikh):

١. ....... الطَّالِبُ مُتَفَوِّقًا.

1. ....... the student is excelling.

٢. ....... الطَّائِرُ مُغَرِّدًا.

2. ....... the bird is chirping.

٣. ....... الْمِصْرِيِّينَ مَسْرُورُونَ.

3. ....... the Egyptians are happy.

٤. ....... الْجُنْدِيُّ مُدَافِعًا عَنْ وَطَنِهِ.

4. ....... the soldier is defending his homeland.

س٤: أَضَعُ خَطًّا تَحْتَ كُلِّ اسْمٍ مَعْرِفَةٍ ثُمَّ أَذْكُرُ نَوْعَهُ:

Q4: Underline every definite noun, then state its type:

١. حُبُّ الْوَطَنِ غَرِيزَةٌ.

1. Love of the homeland is an instinct.

٢. الْمَرْأَةُ الْمِصْرِيَّةُ لَهَا دَوْرٌ فِي الْحَضَارَةِ.

2. The Egyptian woman has a role in civilization.

٣. نَحْنُ عَرَبٌ نَعْتَزُّ بِلُغَتِنَا.

3. We are Arabs who take pride in our language.

٤. هَذِهِ الْآثَارُ مِصْرِيَّةٌ.

4. These antiquities are Egyptian.

٥. عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ فَاتِحُ مِصْرَ.

5. Amr ibn al-Aas is the conqueror of Egypt.

٦. الَّذِي يُحِبُّ لُغَتَهُ يَعْرِفُ أَسَالِيبَهَا.

6. He who loves his language knows its styles.

س٥: أَسْتَخْرِجُ الْأَسْمَاءَ الْخَمْسَةَ فِي الْجُمَلِ التَّالِيَةِ، وَأُبَيِّنُ عَلَامَةَ إِعْرَابِهَا:

Q5: Extract the five nouns in the following sentences and state their inflectional signs:

١. ذُو الْعِلْمِ مَحْبُوبٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ.

1. The person of knowledge is loved by people.

٢. يَنْطِقُ فُوكَ بِالْحَقِّ.

2. Your mouth speaks the truth.

٣. سَلَّمْتُ عَلَى أَخِيكَ أَمْسِ.

3. I greeted your brother yesterday.

٤. إِنَّ حَمَاكَ رَجُلٌ عَظِيمٌ.

4. Indeed, your father-in-law is a great man.

س٦: أَقْرَأُ الْأَمْثِلَةَ الْآتِيَةَ، ثُمَّ أُبَيِّنُ نَوْعَ الْفِعْلِ، وَعَلَامَةَ إِعْرَابِ فَاعِلِهِ:

Q6: Read the following examples, then state the type of verb and the inflectional sign of its subject (fa'il):

١. يَعْتَزُّ الْمِصْرِيُّ بِبَلَدِهِ.

1. The Egyptian takes pride in his country.

٢. يَحْرِصُ الطَّالِبَانِ عَلَى نَهْضَةِ بِلَادِهِمَا.

2. The two students are keen on the renaissance of their country.

٣. طَرَدَ الْمِصْرِيُّونَ كُلَّ مُحْتَلٍّ.

3. The Egyptians expelled every occupier.

٤. يَسْعَى ذُو الْمُرُوءَةِ بِالْإِخْلَاصِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ.

4. The person of chivalry strives with sincerity among people.

٥. تَحْرِصُ الْفَتَيَاتُ عَلَى طَاعَةِ رَبِّهِنَّ.

5. The young women are keen on obeying their Lord.

الْجُمْلَةُ الْاسْمِيَّةُ: تَتَكَوَّنُ مِنَ الْمُبْتَدَأِ وَالْخَبَرِ وَهُمَا مَرْفُوعَانِ دَائِمًا.

The nominal sentence: It consists of a subject (mubtada') and a predicate (khabar), both of which are always in the nominative case.

وَلِلْخَبَرِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَنْوَاعٍ: الْمُفْرَدُ وَالْجُمْلَةُ، وَشِبْهُ الْجُمْلَةِ.

The predicate has three types: singular, sentence, and semi-sentence.

النَّوَاسِخُ: تَنْقَسِمُ إِلَى أَفْعَالٍ نَاسِخَةٍ (كَانَ وَأَخَوَاتُهَا)، وَحُرُوفٍ نَاسِخَةٍ (إِنَّ وَأَخَوَاتُهَا).

Operators (nawasikh): These are divided into operative verbs (Kana and its sisters) and operative particles (Inna and its sisters).

الْمَعْرِفَةُ: اسْمٌ يَدُلُّ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مُحَدَّدٍ، وَلَهَا سِتَّةُ أَنْوَاعٍ، وَهِيَ: الْعَلَمُ، الضَّمَائِرُ، أَسْمَاءُ الْإِشَارَةِ، الْأَسْمَاءُ الْمَوْصُولَةُ، الْمُعَرَّفُ بِـ (أَلْ)، الْمُضَافُ إِلَى مَعْرِفَةٍ مِنَ الْمَعَارِفِ السَّابِقَةِ.

The definite noun (ma'rifa): A noun that indicates a specific thing. It has six types: proper nouns, pronouns, demonstrative nouns, relative nouns, nouns defined by the article (al-), and nouns annexed to one of the previously mentioned definite types.

الْأَسْمَاءُ الْخَمْسَةُ: هِيَ (أَبٌ - أَخٌ - حَمٌ - فُو - ذُو) وَتُرْفَعُ بِالْوَاوِ، وَتُنْصَبُ بِالْأَلِفِ، وَتُجَرُّ بِالْيَاءِ.

The five nouns: These are (ab, akh, ham, fu, dhu); they are marked in the nominative case by waw, in the accusative by alif, and in the genitive by ya'.

الْجُمْلَةُ الْفِعْلِيَّةُ: تَتَكَوَّنُ مِنْ فِعْلٍ وَفَاعِلٍ، وَ(الْفِعْلُ) هُوَ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى حَدَثٍ وَقَعَ فِي زَمَنٍ مُعَيَّنٍ، وَ(الْفَاعِلُ) هُوَ اسْمٌ مَرْفُوعٌ دَائِمًا يَدُلُّ عَلَى مَنْ قَامَ بِالْفِعْلِ أَوِ اتَّصَفَ بِهِ.

The verbal sentence: It consists of a verb and a subject (fa'il). The verb indicates an event occurring at a specific time, and the subject is a noun that is always in the nominative case, indicating who performed the action or was characterized by it.

Vocabulary · المفردات (24 verbs · 94 nouns)

• اِسْتَخْرَجَ — to extract
• بَيَّنَ — to clarify
• أَكْمَلَ — to complete
• أَعْرَبَ — to parse
• غَرَّدَ — to chirp
• دَافَعَ — to defend
• وَضَعَ — to place
• ذَكَرَ — to mention
• دَلَّ — to indicate
• اِعْتَزَّ — to be proud
• أَحَبَّ — to love
• عَرَفَ — to know
• نَطَقَ — to speak
• سَلَّمَ — to greet
• قَرَأَ — to read
• حَرَصَ — to be keen
• طَرَدَ — to expel
• سَعَى — to strive
• تَكَوَّنَ — to consist
• رَفَعَ — to raise
• اِنْقَسَمَ — to divide
• وَقَعَ — to occur
• قَامَ — to stand
• اِتَّصَفَ — to be characterized
• قَاعِدَة — rule
• مُبْتَدَأ — subject
• خَبَر — predicate
• عَلَامَة — sign
• إِعْرَاب — parsing
• كَنْز — treasure
• شَبَاب — youth
• قَادِر — capable
• صُنْع — making
• مُسْتَقْبَل — future
• عَامِلَة — female worker
• مُدْرِك — aware
• وَاجِب — assignment, duty
• وَطَن — homeland
• ابْن — son
• هِمَّة — ambition
• عَالِي — high
• عَالِم — a scholar; a scientist; a knowledgeable person
• مَشْعَل — torch
• نَهْضَة — renaissance
• طَالِب — student
• إِرَادَة — will
• قَوِيّ — strong
• جُمْلَة — sentence
• اسْمِيّ — nominal
• مُعَلِّم — teacher
• مُفْرَد — singular
• إِصْرَار — insistence
• فِعْلِيّ — verbal
• شِبْه — resemblance
• نَاسِخ — abrogator
• مُنَاسِب — appropriate
• طَائِر — a bird (accusative)
• مُغَرِّد — chirping
• مِصْرِيّ — Egyptian
• مَسْرُور — glad / happy
• جُنْدِيّ — soldier
• مُدَافِع — defender
• حُبّ — love
• غَرِيزَة — instinct
• مَرْأَة — woman
• دَوْر — role
• حَضَارَة — civilization
• عَرَبِيّ — Arab
• لُغَة — language
• أَثَر — monument
• فَاتِح — conqueror
• أُسْلُوب — method
• اسْم — noun
• خَمْسَة — five
• عِلْم — knowledge
• مَحْبُوب — beloved (person); loved one
• نَاس — people
• حَقّ — truth
• أَخ — brother
• أَمْس — yesterday
• حَم — father-in-law
• رَجُل — man
• عَظِيم — great
• أَمْثِلَة — examples
• فِعْل — Form I (verb pattern)
• بَلَد — country
• مُحْتَلّ — occupier
• مُرُوءَة — chivalry
• إِخْلَاص — sincerity
• فَتَاة — girl
• طَاعَة — obedience
• رَبّ — Lord
• دَائِم — permanent
• ثَلَاثَة — three
• نَوْع — type
• أَفْعَال — verbs
• حُرُوف — letters (of the alphabet)
• مَعْرِفَة — definiteness
• شَيْء — thing
• مُحَدَّد — specific
• سِتَّة — six
• ضَمِير — pronoun
• إِشَارَة — demonstrative
• مَوْصُول — relative
• مُعَرَّف — defined
• مُضَاف — genitive
• أَب — father
• فُو — mouth
• وَاو — letter waw
• أَلِف — alif
• يَاء — ya
• حَدَث — event
• زَمَن — time
• مُعَيَّن — specific
• فَاعِل — active/doer
• مَرْفُوع — nominative
• مَلِيئَة — full
• مُتَفَوِّق — distinguished one