Egyptian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 6, Semester 1 — Page 18

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الدَّرْسُ الثَّانِي: كَنْزٌ لَا يُقَدَّرُ بِثَمَنٍ.

Lesson Two: An Invaluable Treasure.

القَوَاعِدُ الإِمْلَائِيَّةُ: الهَمْزَةُ المُتَوَسِّطَةُ عَلَى الأَلِفِ.

Spelling Rules: The Medial Hamza on the Alif.

أَوَّلًا أَقْرَأُ الكَلِمَاتِ الآتِيَةَ: سَأَلَ، رَأْسٌ، يَسْأَلُ، رَأَفَ، كَأْسٌ، تَأَخَّرَ، رَأَى، فَجْأَةٌ، يَزْأَرُ.

First, read the following words: sa'ala (he asked), ra's (head), yas'alu (he asks), ra'afa (he was compassionate), ka's (cup), ta'akhkhara (he was late), ra'a (he saw), faj'a (suddenness), yaz'aru (he roars).

ثَانِيًا أُلَاحِظُ: الهَمْزَةُ فِي الكَلِمَاتِ السَّابِقَةِ كُتِبَتْ عَلَى الأَلِفِ فِي وَسَطِ الكَلِمَاتِ.

Second, observe: The hamza in the previous words is written on the alif in the middle of the word.

الهَمْزَةُ فِي كَلِمَاتِ المَجْمُوعَةِ (١) جَاءَتْ مَفْتُوحَةً وَقَبْلَهَا حَرْفٌ مَفْتُوحٌ.

The hamza in the words of group (1) has a fatha and is preceded by a letter with a fatha.

الهَمْزَةُ فِي كَلِمَاتِ المَجْمُوعَةِ (٢) جَاءَتْ سَاكِنَةً وَقَبْلَهَا حَرْفٌ مَفْتُوحٌ.

The hamza in the words of group (2) is quiescent (sukun) and is preceded by a letter with a fatha.

الهَمْزَةُ فِي كَلِمَاتِ المَجْمُوعَةِ (٣) جَاءَتْ مَفْتُوحَةً وَقَبْلَهَا حَرْفٌ صَحِيحٌ سَاكِنٌ.

The hamza in the words of group (3) has a fatha and is preceded by a quiescent consonant.

ثَالِثًا أَسْتَنْتِجُ: الهَمْزَةُ المُتَوَسِّطَةُ: هِيَ الهَمْزَةُ الَّتِي تُكْتَبُ فِي وَسَطِ الكَلِمَةِ.

Third, conclude: The medial hamza is the hamza written in the middle of a word.

تُكْتَبُ الهَمْزَةُ المُتَوَسِّطَةُ وَفْقَ قَاعِدَةِ أَقْوَى الحَرَكَاتِ: حَرَكَةُ الهَمْزَةِ وَحَرَكَةُ الحَرْفِ الَّذِي يَسْبِقُهَا.

The medial hamza is written according to the rule of vowel strength: the vowel of the hamza and the vowel of the preceding letter.

تَرْتِيبُ الحَرَكَاتِ وَالسُّكُونِ مِنْ حَيْثُ القُوَّةُ: ١- الكَسْرَةُ، ٢- الضَّمَّةُ، ٣- الفَتْحَةُ، ٤- وَالسُّكُونُ هُوَ الأَضْعَفُ.

The order of vowels and sukun by strength is: 1- Kasra, 2- Damma, 3- Fatha, 4- Sukun (the weakest).

تُكْتَبُ الهَمْزَةُ المُتَوَسِّطَةُ عَلَى الأَلِفِ فِي الحَالَاتِ الآتِيَةِ: ١- الهَمْزَةُ مَفْتُوحَةٌ وَقَبْلَهَا حَرْفٌ مَفْتُوحٌ، ٢- الهَمْزَةُ سَاكِنَةٌ وَقَبْلَهَا حَرْفٌ مَفْتُوحٌ، ٣- الهَمْزَةُ مَفْتُوحَةٌ وَقَبْلَهَا حَرْفٌ صَحِيحٌ سَاكِنٌ.

The medial hamza is written on the alif in the following cases: 1- The hamza has a fatha and is preceded by a letter with a fatha, 2- The hamza is quiescent and is preceded by a letter with a fatha, 3- The hamza has a fatha and is preceded by a quiescent consonant.

أُلَاحِظُ ضَبْطَ الهَمْزَةِ، ثُمَّ أَدْمِجُ حُرُوفَ كُلِّ كَلِمَةٍ، كَالمِثَالِ: (أ) يَأْخُذُ، (ب) تَأَثَّرَ، (ج) يَأْمُرُ، (د) فَجْأَةٌ.

Observe the diacritics of the hamza, then combine the letters of each word, as in the example: (a) ya'khudhu (he takes), (b) ta'aththara (he was affected), (c) ya'muru (he commands), (d) faj'a (suddenness).

أَخْتَارُ الكَلِمَةَ الصَّحِيحَةَ إِمْلَائِيًّا: (أ) الأَسَدُ (يَزْأَرُ) بِصَوْتٍ مُخِيفٍ.

Choose the correctly spelled word: (a) The lion (roars) with a frightening sound.

(ب) يَسْتَعِينُ الفَلَّاحُ (بِالفَأْسِ) فِي الزِّرَاعَةِ.

(b) The farmer uses (the axe) for farming.

(ج) أَعَدَّتِ الأُمُّ (مُفَاجَأَةً) سَارَّةً لِأَبْنَائِهَا.

(c) The mother prepared a pleasant (surprise) for her children.

(د) عَبِّرْ عَنْ (رَأْيِكَ) بِهُدُوءٍ وَأَدَبٍ.

(d) Express your (opinion) with calmness and politeness.

Vocabulary · المفردات (20 verbs · 44 nouns)

• قَدَّرَ — to estimate
• قَرَأَ — to read
• سَأَلَ — to ask
• رَأَفَ — to be compassionate
• تَأَخَّرَ — to be late
• رَأَى — to see
• زَأَرَ — to roar
• لَاحَظَ — to observe
• كَتَبَ — to write
• جَاءَ — to come
• اِسْتَنْتَجَ — to conclude
• وَفَقَ — to conform
• سَبَقَ — to precede
• أَخَذَ — to take
• تَأَثَّرَ — to be affected
• أَمَرَ — to order
• اِخْتَارَ — to choose
• اِسْتَعَانَ — to seek help
• أَعَدَّ — to prepare
• عَبَّرَ — to express
• دَرْسٌ — lesson
• ثَانِي — second
• كَنْزٌ — treasure
• ثَمَنٌ — price
• قَاعِدَةٌ — rule
• إِمْلَائِيَّةٌ — orthographic
• هَمْزَةٌ — final (hamza)
• مُتَوَسِّطَةٌ — middle
• أَلِفٌ — alif
• كَلِمَةٌ — a word (grammatical term)
• آتِيَةٌ — following
• رَأْسٌ — head
• رَأْيٌ — opinion
• فَجْأَةٌ — (as adverb) suddenly
• مَجْمُوعَةٌ — group
• حَرْفٌ — letter
• مَفْتُوحٌ — open
• سَاكِنٌ — quiescent
• صَحِيحٌ — sound
• وَسَطٌ — middle
• أَقْوَى — stronger
• حَرَكَةٌ — vowel
• تَرْتِيبٌ — order
• سُكُونٌ — sukoon
• قُوَّةٌ — strength
• كَسْرَةٌ — kasra
• ضَمَّةٌ — damma (vowel mark)
• فَتْحَةٌ — fatha
• أَضْعَفُ — weakest
• حَالَةٌ — case
• ضَبْطٌ — diacritization
• مِثَالٌ — an example
• أَسَدٌ — lion
• صَوْتٌ — (sound)
• مُخِيفٌ — scary
• فَلَّاحٌ — farmer
• فَأْسٌ — axe
• زِرَاعَةٌ — agriculture
• أُمٌّ — mother
• مُفَاجَأَةٌ — surprise
• سَارَّةٌ — happy
• هُدُوءٌ — calmness
• أَدَبٌ — politeness
• ثَالِث — third