Egyptian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 10, Semester 2 — Page 20

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

نَشَاطٌ.

Activity.

الوَحْدَةُ الأُولَى بِنَاءُ الوَطَنِ.

Unit One: Building the Homeland.

مُسْتَفِيدًا مِمَّا دَرَسْتَهُ فِي الصُّوَرِ البَلَاغِيَّةِ.. ابْحَثْ فِي النَّصِّ عَنْ صُوَرٍ خَيَالِيَّةٍ أُخْرَى وَاعْرِضْهَا عَلَى زُمَلَائِكَ.

Using what you have learned about rhetorical imagery, find other examples of figurative language in the text and present them to your classmates.

رَابِعًا: سِمَاتُ أُسْلُوبِ الشَّاعِرِ: سُهُولَةُ الْأَلْفَاظِ، وُضُوحُ الفِكْرِ، تَرَابُطُ المَعَانِي وَعُمْقُهَا، عَدَمُ التَّكَلُّفِ فِي المَحَاسِنَاتِ، عُمْقُ الصُّوَرِ مَعَ قِلَّتِهَا.

Fourth: Characteristics of the poet's style: simple vocabulary, clarity of thought, coherent and deep meaning, lack of affectation in rhetorical devices, and profound yet sparse imagery.

خَامِسًا: مَلَامِحُ شَخْصِيَّةِ ابْنِ الرُّومِيِّ: شَاعِرٌ مُوَلَّدٌ مُتَمَكِّنٌ مِنْ أَدَوَاتِ الفَنِّ الشِّعْرِيِّ، قَدْ دَوَاوِينُهُ مِنْ أَكْثَرِ دَوَاوِينِ الشِّعْرِ العَرَبِيِّ، فَقِيرٌ، ضَعِيفٌ يَخْشَى أَيَّ شَيْءٍ.

Fifth: Features of Ibn al-Rumi's personality: A modern poet who mastered the tools of his craft; his collections are among the most extensive in Arabic poetry; he was poor, frail, and fearful of everything.

هَلْ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ ابْنَ الرُّومِيِّ مِنْ أَكْثَرِ الشُّعَرَاءِ العَرَبِ؟

Did you know that Ibn al-Rumi is one of the most prolific Arab poets?

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ: «لَا رَهْبَانِيَّةَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ».

The Messenger of Allah said: 'There is no monasticism in Islam.'

أَضِفْ إِلَى مَعْلُومَاتِكَ: الشَّاعِرُ المُوَلَّدُ هُوَ المُحْدَثُ، وَسُمِّيَ المُوَلَّدُ مِنَ الكَلَامِ مُوَلَّدًا إِذَا اسْتَعْمَلُوهُ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ كَلَامِهِمْ فِيمَا مَضَى.

Add to your knowledge: A 'muwallad' poet is a modern one. Speech is called 'muwallad' when people use it even though it was not part of their language in the past.

يَمِيلُ إِلَى التَّشَاؤُمِ وَالِانْفِرَادِ وَتَأْوِيلِ الْأَلْفَاظِ إِلَى مَعْنَاهَا السَّيِّئِ.

He tends toward pessimism, isolation, and interpreting words in their most negative sense.

سَادِسًا: لَمْحَةٌ أَدَبِيَّةٌ (العَصْرُ العَبَّاسِيُّ): كَمَا تَعَرَّفْنَا فِي بِدَايَةِ النَّصِّ أَنَّ كَاتِبَهُ يَنْتَمِي إِلَى العَصْرِ العَبَّاسِيِّ، وَلَعَلَّكَ تَوَدُّ مَعْرِفَةَ المَزِيدِ عَنْ هَذَا العَصْرِ، تَعَالَوْا نَتَعَرَّفْ بَعْضًا مِنْ مَلَامِحِ الحَيَاةِ فِي هَذَا العَصْرِ.

Sixth: A literary glimpse (The Abbasid Era): As we learned at the beginning of the text, the author belongs to the Abbasid era. If you would like to know more about this period, let us examine some of the features of life during that time.

قَامَتِ الدَّوْلَةُ العَبَّاسِيَّةُ سَنَةَ ١٣٢ هـ بَعْدَ نَجَاحِ ثَوْرَةِ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ الخُرَاسَانِيِّ ضِدَّ الْأُمَوِيِّينَ، ثُمَّ قَامَ العَبَّاسِيُّونَ بِنَقْلِ مَقَرِّ الخِلَافَةِ مِنْ دِمَشْقَ إِلَى بَغْدَادَ بِالعِرَاقِ، وَقَدْ أَدَّى ذَلِكَ إِلَى تَأَثُّرِ العَرَبِ فِي كَثِيرٍ مِنْ أُمُورِ حَيَاتِهِمْ بِالحَضَارَةِ الفَارِسِيَّةِ مِنْ تَرَفٍ وَبَذْخٍ تَمَثَّلَ فِي بِنَاءِ القُصُورِ الَّتِي شَيَّدَهَا الخُلَفَاءُ العَبَّاسِيُّونَ فَضْلًا عَنْ أَنْوَاعِ الْأَطْعِمَةِ وَالْأَشْرِبَةِ وَالمَلَابِسِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْأُمُورِ الَّتِي قَلَّدَ فِيهَا العَرَبُ الفُرْسَ.

The Abbasid state was established in 132 AH following the success of Abu Muslim al-Khurasani's revolution against the Umayyads. The Abbasids moved the seat of the Caliphate from Damascus to Baghdad, which led the Arabs to adopt many aspects of Persian civilization. This influence was seen in the luxury and extravagance of the palaces built by the Abbasid Caliphs, as well as in the types of food, drink, clothing, and other customs the Arabs adopted from the Persians.

اعْلَمْ أَنَّ: الزَّرَادَشْتِيَّةَ تَنْتَمِي إِلَى زَرَادُشْتَ، المَزْدَكِيَّةَ النَّسَبُ إِلَى مَزْدَكَ، الهَادَوِيَّةَ تَنْسِبُ إِلَى هَادِي.

Know that: Zoroastrianism is linked to Zoroaster, Mazdakism is attributed to Mazdak, and the Hadawiyyah sect is attributed to Hadi.

فَكَانَ مِنْ نَتَائِجِ هَذَا الِاتِّصَالِ بِالفُرْسِ أَنِ انْتَشَرَتْ دَعَوَاتٌ دِينِيَّةٌ غَرِيبَةٌ عَلَى المُجْتَمَعِ العَرَبِيِّ كَانَ لِكُلٍّ مِنْهَا مُؤَسِّسٌ عُرِفَتْ بِاسْمِهِ مِثْلُ: الزَّرَادَشْتِيَّةِ وَالمَانَوِيَّةِ وَالمَزْدَكِيَّةِ، كَمَا ظَهَرَتِ الزَّنْدَقَةُ الَّتِي تُعْرَفُ بِالتَّحَلُّلِ الدِّينِيِّ وَالخُلُقِيِّ.

One result of this contact with the Persians was the spread of religious movements unfamiliar to Arab society, each named after its founder, such as Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, and Mazdakism. 'Zandaqa' (heresy) also appeared, characterized by religious and moral decay.

وَلَا يَعْنِي انْتِشَارُ تِلْكَ الحَرَكَاتِ الدِّينِيَّةِ الفَاسِدَةِ وَالمُجُونِ الَّذِي شَاعَ بَيْنَ كَثِيرٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ أَنَّ المُجْتَمَعَ العَرَبِيَّ أَوِ العَبَّاسِيَّ كَانَ مُنْحَلًّا، وَإِنَّمَا اقْتَصَرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى طَبَقَاتٍ أَوْ فِئَاتٍ مَحْدُودَةٍ مِنَ المُجْتَمَعِ العَرَبِيِّ فِي ذَلِكَ الوَقْتِ، فَقَدْ ظَهَرَتِ الحَرَكَاتُ الدِّينِيَّةُ المُضَادَّةُ لِتِلْكَ الحَرَكَاتِ الفَاسِدَةِ مِثْلُ الزُّهْدِ.

The spread of these corrupt religious movements and the debauchery common among many people does not mean that Arab or Abbasid society as a whole was dissolute. This behavior was limited to certain social classes or groups at the time, and religious movements opposed to such corruption, such as asceticism, also emerged.

فَكََمَا كَانَتِ الخَمَّارَاتُ تَمْتَلِئُ بِالبَعْضِ كَانَتْ هُنَاكَ مَسَاجِدُ بَغْدَادَ وَغَيْرِهَا تَعْمُرُ بِالعُبَّادِ وَالنُّسَّاكِ وَالزُّهَّادِ وَالمُصَلِّينَ.

Just as taverns were filled with some, the mosques of Baghdad and other cities were full of worshippers, ascetics, recluses, and those at prayer.

وَلَا يَخْفَى مَا ازْدَهَرَ بِهِ هَذَا العَصْرُ مِنْ ثَقَافَاتٍ شَتَّى مِنَ الْأُمَمِ الْأُخْرَى، فَقَدْ هَضَمَ العَرَبُ تِلْكَ الثَّقَافَةَ وَقَامُوا بِتَرْجَمَتِهَا، ثُمَّ حَدَثَ جَدَلٌ بَيْنَ المُسْلِمِينَ وَأَصْحَابِ تِلْكَ المِلَلِ وَالنِّحَلِ الْأُخْرَى فَظَهَرَ عِلْمُ الكَلَامِ.

It is well known that this era flourished with diverse cultures from other nations. The Arabs absorbed these cultures and translated them, leading to debates between Muslims and the followers of other sects and creeds, which gave rise to the science of theology (Ilm al-Kalam).

Vocabulary · المفردات (34 verbs · 113 nouns)

• دَرَسَ — to study
• بَحَثَ — to search
• عَرَضَ — to present
• خَشِيَ — to fear
• عَلِمَ — to know
• قَالَ — to say
• أَضَافَ — to add
• وَلَّدَ — to generate
• سَمَّى — to name
• اسْتَعْمَلَ — to use
• كَانَ — to be
• مَضَى — to pass
• مَالَ — to incline
• تَعَرَّفَ — to recognize
• انْتَمَى — to belong
• وَدَّ — to wish
• قَامَ — to stand
• أَدَّى — to lead
• تَمَثَّلَ — to be represented
• شَيَّدَ — to construct
• قَلَّدَ — to imitate
• انْتَشَرَ — to spread
• عَرَفَ — to know
• ظَهَرَ — to appear
• شَاعَ — to become widespread
• اقْتَصَرَ — to limit
• امْتَلَأَ — to fill
• عَمَرَ — to inhabit
• خَفِيَ — to be hidden
• ازْدَهَرَ — to flourish
• هَضَمَ — to digest
• تَرْجَمَ — to translate
• حَدَثَ — to happen
• تَزَعَّمَ — to lead
• نَشَاطٌ — activity
• وَحْدَةٌ — unit
• بِنَاءٌ — construction
• وَطَنٌ — homeland
• صُورَةٌ — copy, image
• نَصٌّ — text
• زَمِيلٌ — colleague
• سِمَةٌ — feature
• أُسْلُوبٌ — style
• شَاعِرٌ — poet
• سُهُولَةٌ — ease
• لَفْظٌ — word
• وُضُوحٌ — clarity
• فِكْرٌ — thought, intellect, idea
• تَرَابُطٌ — cohesion
• مَعْنًى — meaning
• عُمْقٌ — depth
• عَدَمٌ — lack
• تَكَلُّفٌ — affectation
• مَحَاسِنَةٌ — beautification
• قِلَّةٌ — scarcity
• مَلَامِحُ — features
• شَخْصِيَّةٌ — personality
• أَدَاةٌ — tool
• فَنٌّ — art
• دِيوَانٌ — anthology
• شِعْرٌ — poetry
• فَقِيرٌ — poor man
• ضَعِيفٌ — the weak
• شَيْءٌ — thing
• رَهْبَانِيَّةٌ — monasticism; monkhood
• إِسْلَامٌ — Islam
• مَعْلُومَةٌ — information
• مُحْدَثٌ — modern
• كَلَامٌ — speech
• تَشَاؤُمٌ — pessimism
• انْفِرَادٌ — isolation
• تَأْوِيلٌ — interpretation
• سَيِّئٌ — bad
• لَمْحَةٌ — glimpse, quick glance
• عَصْرٌ — era
• كَاتِبٌ — writer, author
• مَعْرِفَةٌ — knowledge
• مَزِيدٌ — more
• حَيَاةٌ — life
• دَوْلَةٌ — state
• سَنَةٌ — year
• نَجَاحٌ — success
• ثَوْرَةٌ — revolution
• ضِدٌّ — opposition
• نَقْلٌ — transfer
• مَقَرٌّ — headquarters
• خِلَافَةٌ — caliphate
• تَأَثُّرٌ — influence
• كَثِيرٌ — many
• أَمْرٌ — matter
• حَضَارَةٌ — civilization
• تَرَفٌ — luxury
• بَذْخٌ — extravagance, luxury, lavishness
• قَصْرٌ — palace
• خَلِيفَةٌ — caliph
• فَضْلٌ — in addition to
• أَنْوَاعٌ — types
• طَعَامٌ — food
• أَشْرِبَةٌ — drinks
• مَلَابِسٌ — clothes
• غَيْرٌ — other
• نَتِيجَةٌ — result
• اتِّصَالٌ — contact
• دَعْوَةٌ — call
• دِينِيَّةٌ — religious
• غَرِيبٌ — foreign / strange
• مُجْتَمَعٌ — society
• مُؤَسِّسٌ — founder
• اسْمٌ — name
• زَنْدَقَةٌ — heresy
• تَحَلُّلٌ — decay
• خُلُقِيٌّ — moral
• حَرَكَةٌ — movement
• فَاسِدٌ — corrupt
• مُجُونٌ — licentiousness
• نَاسٌ — people
• مُنْحَلٌّ — dissolute
• طَبَقَةٌ — class
• فِئَةٌ — group
• مَحْدُودٌ — limited
• وَقْتٌ — time
• مُضَادٌّ — opposing
• زُهْدٌ — asceticism
• خَمَّارَةٌ — tavern
• بَعْضٌ — some
• مَسْجِدٌ — mosque
• عَابِدٌ — worshipper
• نُسَّاكٌ — ascetics
• زُهَّادٌ — ascetics
• مُصَلٍّ — worshipper
• ثَقَافَةٌ — culture
• أُمَّةٌ — nation
• جَدَلٌ — debate
• مُسْلِمٌ — Muslim
• أَصْحَابٌ — owners
• مِلَلٌ — sects
• نِحَلٌ — religions, creeds, faiths
• عِلْمٌ — science
• مُتَمَكِّن — capable
• أَكْبَر — bigger
• أُولَى — first (feminine)
• مُسْتَفِيد — beneficiary
• رَسُول — Prophet
• خَيَالِيَّة — fictional
• أَكْثَر — more
• فَارِسِيَّة — Persian
• عَبَّاسِيَّة — Abbasid