Egyptian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 10, Semester 2 — Page 18

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْوَحْدَةُ الْأُولَى بِنَاءُ الْوَطَنِ

Unit One: Building the Homeland

اقْرَأِ الْأَمْثِلَةَ

Read the examples.

أَضِفْ إِلَى مَعْلُومَاتِكَ

Expand your knowledge.

- الْمَيْسَاءُ هِيَ أَنْعَمُ خَوَامِرِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَسُمِّيَتِ الْقَدَّاءُ لِجَمَالِهَا، وَالْمَيْسَاءُ: جَمِيلَةُ الْأَنْفِ.

- Al-Maysa' was the most delicate woman of the Jahiliyyah era. She was called Al-Qadda' for her beauty, and 'Al-Maysa'' refers to one with a beautiful nose.

وَأَكْثَرُ شِعْرِهَا كَانَ فِي رِثَاءِ أَخِيهَا صَخْرٍ، وَظَلَّتْ تَبْكِيهِ حَتَّى مَاتَتْ

Most of her poetry lamented her brother Sakhr, and she wept for him until she died.

(١) قَالَتِ الْخَنْسَاءُ فِي رِثَاءِ أَخِيهَا صَخْرٍ: طَوِيلُ النِّجَادِ رَفِيعُ الْعِمَادِ كَثِيرُ الرَّمَادِ إِذَا مَا هَتَا

(1) Al-Khansa' said, lamenting her brother Sakhr: He is long of sword-belt, high of pillar, and abundant of ashes whenever he calls out.

(ب) قَالَ الْمُتَنَبِّي فِي وَقِيعَةِ سَيْفِ الدَّوْلَةِ بِبَنِي كِلَابٍ: فَمَسَّاهُمْ وَبَسْطُهُمُ حَرِيرٌ وَصَبَّحَهُمْ وَبَسْطُهُمُ تُرَابُ

(B) Al-Mutanabbi said regarding Sayf al-Dawla’s battle with the Banu Kilab: He reached them at evening while their carpets were silk, and he reached them at morning while their carpets were dust.

كَانَ سِتْرُهُمْ جَوَادًا كَرِيمًا.

Their protection was a noble steed.

وَمَنْ فِي كَفِّهِ مِنْهُمْ قَنَاةٌ كَمَنْ فِي كَفِّهِ مِنْهُمْ خِضَابُ

Whoever among them holds a spear is like one who holds henna.

(جـ) قَالَ أَحَدُ الشُّعَرَاءِ فِي فَضْلِ دَارِ الْعُلُومِ فِي إِحْيَاءِ اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ: وَجَدَتْ فِيكِ بِنْتُ عَدْنَانَ دَارًا ذَكَّرَتْهَا بَدَاوَةَ الْأَعْرَابِ

(C) A poet said regarding the merit of Dar al-Ulum in reviving the Arabic language: The daughter of Adnan found in you a home that reminded her of the Bedouin life of the Arabs.

( د ) نَقُولُ لِمَنْ نَمْدَحُهُ: «الْمَجْدُ بَيْنَ ثَوْبَيْكَ، وَالْكَرَمُ مِلْءُ بُرْدَيْكَ».

(D) We say to someone we praise: "Glory is between your garments, and generosity fills your cloaks."

(هـ) وَقَالَ الْمُتَنَبِّي يَمْدَحُ كَافُورًا: إِنَّ فِي ثَوْبِكَ الَّذِي الْمَجْدُ فِيهِ لَضِيَاءً يُزْرِي بِكُلِّ ضِيَاءِ

(E) Al-Mutanabbi said, praising Kafur: Indeed, in your garment, which contains glory, is a radiance that belittles every other radiance.

التَّوْضِيحُ

Explanation

هَلْ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ - الْقَنَاةَ مِنَ الرُّمْحِ الَّذِي يَطْعَنُ بِهِ الْفَارِسُ فِي الْمُوَاجَهَةِ أَوْ مِنَ الْقَلْبِ - السَّيْفَ يُضْرَبُ بِهِ الْفَارِسُ رِكَابَ الْأَعْدَاءِ فِي الْمُوَاجَهَةِ؟

Do you know that: - The 'qanah' (spear) is the lance a knight uses to strike in battle? - The sword is used by a knight to strike the stirrups of his enemies in battle?

لِمَاذَا سُمِّيَتِ اللُّغَةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ لُغَةَ الضَّادِ؟

Why is Arabic called the language of the Dad?

هَلْ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ هَجَاهُ؟

Do you know that he satirized him?

تَأَمَّلْ بَيْتَ الْخَنْسَاءِ تَجِدْ أَنَّهَا تَصِفُ أَخَاهَا صَخْرًا بِأَنَّهُ طَوِيلُ النِّجَادِ، رَفِيعُ الْعِمَادِ، كَثِيرُ الرَّمَادِ.

Contemplate the verse of Al-Khansa', and you will find that she describes her brother Sakhr as being long of sword-belt, high of pillar, and abundant of ashes.

وَهِيَ تُرِيدُ بِهَذِهِ التَّرَاكِيبِ الدَّلَالَةَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ شُجَاعٌ، عَظِيمٌ فِي قَوْمِهِ كَرِيمٌ، ثُمَّ عَدَلَتْ عَنِ التَّصْرِيحِ بِهَذِهِ الصِّفَاتِ إِلَى الْإِشَارَةِ إِلَيْهَا وَالْكِنَايَةِ عَنْهَا؛ لِأَنَّهُ يَلْزَمُ مِنْ طُولِ حِمَالَةِ السَّيْفِ أَنْ يَكُونَ صَاحِبُهُ طَوِيلًا، كَمَا يَلْزَمُ مِنْ طُولِ الْجِسْمِ الشَّجَاعَةُ عَادَةً.

With these phrases, she intends to show that he is brave, great among his people, and generous. She shifted from explicitly stating these qualities to hinting at them through metonymy; for the length of a sword-belt implies that its owner is tall, just as a tall stature is usually associated with bravery.

وَيَلْزَمُ مِنْ كَوْنِهِ رَفِيعَ الْعِمَادِ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَظِيمَ الْمَكَانَةِ فِي قَوْمِهِ، وَيَلْزَمُ مِنْ كَثْرَةِ الرَّمَادِ كَثْرَةُ حَرْقِ الْحَطَبِ، ثُمَّ كَثْرَةُ الطَّبْخِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ كَثْرَةَ الطَّبْخِ تَسْتَدْعِي كَثْرَةَ الضُّيُوفِ، وَكَثْرَةُ الضُّيُوفِ تَدُلُّ عَلَى الْكَرَمِ، وَكُلُّهَا كِنَايَةٌ عَنْ صِفَةٍ.

It follows from being 'high of pillar' that he holds great status among his people. The 'abundance of ashes' implies much firewood is burned, which implies much cooking, which necessitates many guests, and many guests indicate generosity. All of these are metonymies for a quality.

كَافُورًا كَانَ أَعْظَمَ مَنْ حَكَمُوا مِصْرَ زَمَنَ الدَّوْلَةِ الْإِخْشِيدِيَّةُ، وَقَدْ مَدَحَهُ الْمُتَنَبِّي ثُمَّ هَجَاهُ؟

Kafur was the greatest ruler of Egypt during the Ikhshidid dynasty; did Al-Mutanabbi praise him and then satirize him?

- وَفِي قَوْلِ الْمُتَنَبِّي دَلَّ ظَاهِرُ الْبَيْتِ الْأَوَّلِ عَلَى أَنَّ بَنِي كِلَابٍ كَانُوا يَفْتَرِشُونَ بُسُطَ الْحَرِيرِ حِينَ فَاجَأَهُمْ سَيْفُ الدَّوْلَةِ بِجَيْشِهِ لَيْلًا، وَمَا إِنْ طَلَعَ الصَّبَاحُ حَتَّى صَارَتْ بُسُطُهُمُ التُّرَابَ، فَفِي الْحَالِ الْأُولَى كَنَى عَنْ عِزِّهِمْ وَتَرَفِهِمْ، وَفِي الْحَالِ الثَّانِيَةِ كَنَى عَنْ حَاجَتِهِمْ وَذُلِّهِمْ، وَفِي التَّعْبِيرَيْنِ كِنَايَةٌ عَنْ صِفَةٍ أَيْضًا.

- In Al-Mutanabbi’s verse, the literal meaning indicates that the Banu Kilab were sitting on silk carpets when Sayf al-Dawla surprised them with his army at night. By morning, their carpets had become dust. In the first state, he uses metonymy for their glory and luxury; in the second, for their need and humiliation. Both expressions are also metonymies for a quality.

ثُمَّ كَنَى الْمُتَنَبِّي فِي الْبَيْتِ الثَّانِي عَنِ الرَّجُلِ بِقَوْلِهِ: «وَمَنْ فِي كَفِّهِ مِنْهُمْ قَنَاةٌ» وَعَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ بِقَوْلِهِ: «كَمَنْ فِي كَفِّهِ مِنْهُمْ خِضَابُ» وَالْمَعْنَى أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ وَالْمَرْأَةَ أَمَامَ سَطْوَةِ سَيْفِ الدَّوْلَةِ وَبَطْشِهِ سَوَاءٌ، وَكِلَا التَّعْبِيرَيْنِ كِنَايَةٌ عَنْ مَوْصُوفٍ.

Then, in the second verse, Al-Mutanabbi uses metonymy for a man by saying, 'Whoever among them holds a spear,' and for a woman by saying, 'Like one who holds henna.' The meaning is that both men and women are equal before the power and brutality of Sayf al-Dawla. Both expressions are metonymies for a person.

وَكَذَلِكَ فِي الْمِثَالِ (جـ) أَرَادَ الشَّاعِرُ أَنْ يَقُولَ: إِنَّ اللُّغَةَ الْعَرَبِيَّةَ وَجَدَتْ فِيكِ أَيَّتُهَا الْمَدْرَسَةُ مَكَانًا يُذَكِّرُهَا بِعَهْدِ الْبَدَاوَةِ وَالْقُوَّةِ، فَعَدَلَ عَنِ التَّصْرِيحِ بِاسْمِ اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ إِلَى تَرْكِيبٍ يُشِيرُ إِلَيْهَا وَيُعَدُّ كِنَايَةً عَنْهَا وَهُوَ «بِنْتُ عَدْنَانَ» وَهُوَ كِنَايَةٌ عَنْ مَوْصُوفٍ أَيْضًا.

Likewise, in example (C), the poet wanted to say: 'Arabic language, you have found in this school a place that reminds you of the era of Bedouin life and strength.' He shifted from explicitly naming the Arabic language to a phrase that points to it—'the daughter of Adnan'—which is also a metonymy for a person.

وَإِذَا تَأَمَّلْتَ التَّرَاكِيبَ: «مَنْ فِي كَفِّهِ مِنْهُمْ قَنَاةٌ» - «كَمَنْ فِي كَفِّهِ مِنْهُمْ خِضَابٌ» - «بِنْتُ عَدْنَانَ» وَجَدْتَ أَنَّ كُلًّا مِنْهَا كَنَى عَنْ ذَاتٍ لَا أَرُومُ لِمَعْنَاهُ.

If you contemplate the phrases 'Whoever among them holds a spear,' 'Like one who holds henna,' and 'The daughter of Adnan,' you will find that each is a metonymy for an entity, not for a quality.

اللُّغَةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ - الصَّفُّ الْأَوَّلُ الثَّانَوِيُّ

Arabic Language - First Year Secondary

Vocabulary · المفردات (34 verbs · 114 nouns)

• قَرَأَ — to read
• أَضَافَ — to add
• رَثَى — to mourn
• شَتَا — to spend the winter
• مَسَّى — to reach the evening
• صَبَّحَ — to reach the morning
• وَجَدَ — to find
• ذَكَّرَ — to remind
• مَدَحَ — to praise
• أَزْرَى — to disparage
• تَأَمَّلَ — to contemplate
• وَصَفَ — to describe
• عَدَلَ — to turn away
• لَزِمَ — to necessitate
• اِسْتَدْعَى — to call for
• دَلَّ — to indicate
• اِفْتَرَشَ — to spread out
• فَاجَأَ — to surprise
• طَلَعَ — to rise
• صَارَ — to become
• كَنَى — to use metonymy
• سَمَّى — to name
• قَالَ — to say
• هَتَا — to call out
• ظَلَّ — to remain
• بَكَى — to cry
• مَاتَ — to die
• عَلِمَ — to know
• طَعَنَ — to stab
• ضَرَبَ — to strike
• هَجَا — to satirize
• أَرَادَ — to want
• حَكَمَ — to rule
• رَامَ — to seek
• وَحْدَةٌ — unit
• بِنَاءٌ — a building
• وَطَنٌ — homeland
• مِثَالٌ — an example
• مَعْلُومَةٌ — information
• رِثَاءٌ — lamentation
• أَخٌ — brother
• طَوِيلٌ — tall
• نِجَادٌ — sword belt
• رَفِيعٌ — high
• عِمَادٌ — pillar
• كَثِيرٌ — much
• رَمَادٌ — ash
• وَقِيعَةٌ — battle
• سَيْفٌ — sword
• دَوْلَةٌ — state
• بِسَاطٌ — carpet
• حَرِيرٌ — silk
• تُرَابٌ — dust
• كَفٌّ — palm (of the hand); hand
• قَنَاةٌ — spear
• خِضَابٌ — dye
• شَاعِرٌ — poet
• فَضْلٌ — excellence
• دَارٌ — house
• عِلْمٌ — science
• إِحْيَاءٌ — revival
• لُغَةٌ — language
• عَرَبِيٌّ — Arabic (adjective)
• بِنْتٌ — daughter
• بَدَاوَةٌ — bedouin life
• أَعْرَابِيٌّ — bedouin
• مَجْدٌ — glory
• ثَوْبٌ — a garment
• كَرَمٌ — generosity
• مِلْءٌ — fullness
• بُرْدٌ — cloak
• ضِيَاءٌ — light
• تَوْضِيحٌ — clarification
• بَيْتٌ — verse
• تَرْكِيبٌ — structure
• دَلَالَةٌ — indication
• شُجَاعٌ — brave
• عَظِيمٌ — great
• قَوْمٌ — people
• كَرِيمٌ — generous
• تَصْرِيحٌ — declaration
• صِفَةٌ — attribute
• إِشَارَةٌ — sign
• كِنَايَةٌ — metonymy
• طُولٌ — length
• حِمَالَةٌ — strap
• صَاحِبٌ — owner
• جِسْمٌ — body
• شَجَاعَةٌ — bravery
• عَادَةٌ — habit
• مَكَانَةٌ — status
• حَرْقٌ — burn
• حَطَبٌ — firewood
• طَبْخٌ — cooking
• ضَيْفٌ — guest
• ظَاهِرٌ — apparent
• حِينٌ — time
• جَيْشٌ — army
• لَيْلٌ — night
• صَبَاحٌ — morning
• حَالٌ — state
• عِزٌّ — might
• تَرَفٌ — luxury
• حَاجَةٌ — need
• ذُلٌّ — humiliation
• تَعْبِيرٌ — expression
• رَجُلٌ — man
• مَرْأَةٌ — woman
• سَطْوَةٌ — power
• بَطْشٌ — violence
• سَوَاءٌ — equal
• مَوْصُوفٌ — described
• مَدْرَسَةٌ — school
• مَكَانٌ — place, location, site
• عَهْدٌ — era
• قُوَّةٌ — strength
• اِسْمٌ — name
• ذَاتٌ — essence
• لَازِمٌ — consequence
• مَعْنًى — meaning
• قَلْب — center
• أُولَى — first (feminine)
• مُوَاجَهَة — confrontation
• جَوَّاد — generous, munificent, liberal
• سِتْر — concealment
• كَثْرَة — abundance
• جَمِيلَة — beautiful
• كَوْن — being
• أَعْظَم — greatest
• أَكْثَر — more
• أَمْثُولَة — example
• مَيْسَاء — beautiful-nosed woman
• خَامِر — woman
• جَاهِلِيَّة — pre-Islamic era
• قَدَّاء — tall woman
• جَمَال — beauty
• أَنْف — nose
• شِعْر — poetry
• بَسْط — carpet
• عُلُوم — sciences
• رُمْح — spear
• فَارِس — knight
• رِكَاب — stirrup
• عَدُوّ — enemy
• ضَاد — the letter Dad
• زَمَن — time
• صَفّ — class
• ثَانَوِيّ — secondary