Egyptian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 10, Semester 2 — Page 18

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْوَحْدَةُ الْأُولَى بِنَاءُ الْوَطَنِ اقْرَأِ الْأَمْثِلَةَ: (أ) قَالَتِ الْخَنْسَاءُ فِي رِثَاءِ أَخِيهَا صَخْرٍ: طَوِيلُ النِّجَادِ رَفِيعُ الْعِمَادِ كَثِيرُ الرَّمَادِ إِذَا مَا هَتَا (ب) قَالَ الْمُتَنَبِّي فِي وَقِيعَةِ سَيْفِ الدَّوْلَةِ بِبَنِي كِلَابٍ: فَمَسَّاهُمْ وَبَسْطُهُمُ حَرِيرٌ وَصَبَّحَهُمْ وَبَسْطُهُمُ تُرَابُ وَمَنْ فِي كَفِّهِ مِنْهُمْ قَنَاةٌ كَمَنْ فِي كَفِّهِ مِنْهُمْ خِضَابُ (جـ) قَالَ أَحَدُ الشُّعَرَاءِ فِي فَضْلِ دَارِ الْعُلُومِ فِي إِحْيَاءِ اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ: وَجَدَتْ فِيكِ بِنْتُ عَدْنَانَ دَارًا ذَكَّرَتْهَا بَدَاوَةَ الْأَعْرَابِ ( د ) نَقُولُ لِمَنْ نَمْدَحُهُ: «الْمَجْدُ بَيْنَ ثَوْبَيْكَ، وَالْكَرَمُ مِلْءُ بُرْدَيْكَ».

(from previous page) ⟵ Second academic semester, Unit One: Building the Nation. Read the examples: (a) Al-Khansa said in an elegy for her brother Sakhr: Tall of scabbard, high of pillar, much of ash when he poured. (b) Al-Mutanabbi said about Sayf al-Dawla's battle with Banu Kilab: He greeted them in the evening while their carpets were silk, and greeted them in the morning while their carpets were dust. And whoever among them has a spear in his hand is like one who has henna in his hand. (c) One of the poets said about the virtue of Dar al-Ulum in reviving the Arabic language: The daughter of Adnan found in you a home that reminded her of the Bedouinism of the Arabs. (d) We say to one we praise: "Glory is between your two garments, and generosity fills your two cloaks."

(هـ) وَقَالَ الْمُتَنَبِّي يَمْدَحُ كَافُورًا: إِنَّ فِي ثَوْبِكَ الَّذِي الْمَجْدُ فِيهِ لَضِيَاءً يُزْرِي بِكُلِّ ضِيَاءِ التَّوْضِيحُ تَأَمَّلْ بَيْتَ الْخَنْسَاءِ تَجِدْ أَنَّهَا تَصِفُ أَخَاهَا صَخْرًا بِأَنَّهُ طَوِيلُ النِّجَادِ، رَفِيعُ الْعِمَادِ، كَثِيرُ الرَّمَادِ.

(E) Al-Mutanabbi said, praising Kafur: 'Indeed, in your garment, which contains glory, there is a radiance that belittles every other radiance.' Explanation: Contemplate Al-Khansa's verse, and you will find that she describes her brother Sakhr as having a long sword-belt, a high tent-pole, and much ash.

وَهِيَ تُرِيدُ بِهَذِهِ التَّرَاكِيبِ الدَّلَالَةَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ شُجَاعٌ، عَظِيمٌ فِي قَوْمِهِ، كَرِيمٌ، ثُمَّ عَدَلَتْ عَنِ التَّصْرِيحِ بِهَذِهِ الصِّفَاتِ إِلَى الْإِشَارَةِ إِلَيْهَا وَالْكِنَايَةِ عَنْهَا؛ لِأَنَّهُ يَلْزَمُ مِنْ طُولِ حِمَالَةِ السَّيْفِ أَنْ يَكُونَ صَاحِبُهُ طَوِيلًا، كَمَا يَلْزَمُ مِنْ طُولِ الْجِسْمِ الشَّجَاعَةُ عَادَةً.

By these phrases, she intends to indicate that he is brave, great among his people, and generous. She then shifted from explicitly stating these qualities to hinting at them and using metonymy (kinayah) for them, because having a long sword-belt implies that its owner is tall, just as a tall body usually implies bravery.

وَيَلْزَمُ مِنْ كَوْنِهِ رَفِيعَ الْعِمَادِ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَظِيمَ الْمَكَانَةِ فِي قَوْمِهِ، وَيَلْزَمُ مِنْ كَثْرَةِ الرَّمَادِ كَثْرَةُ حَرْقِ الْحَطَبِ، ثُمَّ كَثْرَةُ الطَّبْخِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ كَثْرَةَ الطَّبْخِ تَسْتَدْعِي كَثْرَةَ الضُّيُوفِ، وَكَثْرَةُ الضُّيُوفِ تَدُلُّ عَلَى الْكَرَمِ، وَكُلُّهَا كِنَايَةٌ عَنْ صِفَةٍ. -

Being a 'high tent-pole' implies having a high status among his people, and 'much ash' implies much firewood being burned, then much cooking, then much cooking implies many guests, and many guests indicate generosity. All of these are metonymy for a quality.

- وَفِي قَوْلِ الْمُتَنَبِّي دَلَّ ظَاهِرُ الْبَيْتِ الْأَوَّلِ عَلَى أَنَّ بَنِي كِلَابٍ كَانُوا يَفْتَرِشُونَ بُسُطَ الْحَرِيرِ حِينَ فَاجَأَهُمْ سَيْفُ الدَّوْلَةِ بِجَيْشِهِ لَيْلًا، وَمَا إِنْ طَلَعَ الصَّبَاحُ حَتَّى صَارَتْ بُسُطُهُمُ التُّرَابَ، فَفِي الْحَالِ الْأُولَى كَنَى عَنْ عِزِّهِمْ وَتَرَفِهِمْ، وَفِي الْحَالِ الثَّانِيَةِ كَنَى عَنْ حَاجَتِهِمْ وَذُلِّهِمْ، وَفِي التَّعْبِيرَيْنِ كِنَايَةٌ عَنْ صِفَةٍ أَيْضًا.

In Al-Mutanabbi's statement, the literal meaning of the first verse indicates that the Banu Kilab were lying on silk carpets when Sayf al-Dawla surprised them with his army at night, and as soon as morning came, their carpets became dust. In the first state, he used metonymy for their glory and luxury, and in the second state, he used metonymy for their need and humiliation. Both expressions are also metonymy for a quality.

ثُمَّ كَنَى الْمُتَنَبِّي فِي الْبَيْتِ الثَّانِي عَنِ الرَّجُلِ بِقَوْلِهِ: «وَمَنْ فِي كَفِّهِ مِنْهُمْ قَنَاةٌ» وَعَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ بِقَوْلِهِ: «كَمَنْ فِي كَفِّهِ مِنْهُمْ خِضَابُ» وَالْمَعْنَى أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ وَالْمَرْأَةَ أَمَامَ سَطْوَةِ سَيْفِ الدَّوْلَةِ وَبَطْشِهِ سَوَاءٌ، وَكِلَا التَّعْبِيرَيْنِ كِنَايَةٌ عَنْ مَوْصُوفٍ.

Then, in the second verse, Al-Mutanabbi used metonymy for a man by saying: 'Whoever among them has a spear in his hand,' and for a woman by saying: 'Like whoever among them has henna in his hand.' The meaning is that the man and the woman are equal before the power and brutality of Sayf al-Dawla, and both expressions are metonymy for a person/thing (mawsuf).

وَكَذَلِكَ فِي الْمِثَالِ (جـ) أَرَادَ الشَّاعِرُ أَنْ يَقُولَ: إِنَّ اللُّغَةَ الْعَرَبِيَّةَ وَجَدَتْ فِيكِ أَيَّتُهَا الْمَدْرَسَةُ مَكَانًا يُذَكِّرُهَا بِعَهْدِ الْبَدَاوَةِ وَالْقُوَّةِ، فَعَدَلَ عَنِ التَّصْرِيحِ بِاسْمِ اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ إِلَى تَرْكِيبٍ يُشِيرُ إِلَيْهَا وَيُعَدُّ كِنَايَةً عَنْهَا وَهُوَ «بِنْتُ عَدْنَانَ» وَهُوَ كِنَايَةٌ عَنْ مَوْصُوفٍ أَيْضًا.

Likewise, in example (C), the poet wanted to say: 'The Arabic language has found in you, O school, a place that reminds it of the era of Bedouin life and strength.' He shifted from explicitly naming the Arabic language to a phrase that points to it and is considered metonymy for it, which is 'the daughter of Adnan,' and this is also metonymy for a person/thing.

وَإِذَا تَأَمَّلْتَ التَّرَاكِيبَ: «مَنْ فِي كَفِّهِ مِنْهُمْ قَنَاةٌ» - «كَمَنْ فِي كَفِّهِ مِنْهُمْ خِضَابٌ» - «بِنْتُ عَدْنَانَ» وَجَدْتَ أَنَّ كُلًّا مِنْهَا كَنَى عَنْ ذَاتٍ لَازِمَةٍ لِمَعْنَاهُ.

If you contemplate the phrases: 'Whoever among them has a spear in his hand' - 'Like whoever among them has henna in his hand' - 'The daughter of Adnan,' you will find that each of them is a metonymy for an entity implied by its meaning.

أَضِفْ إِلَى مَعْلُومَاتِكَ: - الْمَيْسَاءُ هِيَ أَنْعَمُ خَوَامِرِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَسُمِّيَتِ الْقَدَّاءُ لِجَمَالِهَا، وَالْمَيْسَاءُ: جَمِيلَةُ الْأَنْفِ.

Add to your knowledge: Al-Maysa' is the most graceful of the pre-Islamic women. She was called Al-Qadda' for her beauty, and Al-Maysa' means beautiful-nosed.

وَأَكْثَرُ شِعْرِهَا كَانَ فِي رِثَاءِ أَخِيهَا صَخْرٍ، وَظَلَّتْ تَبْكِيهِ حَتَّى مَاتَتْ. -

Most of her poetry was in mourning her brother Sakhr, and she continued to weep for him until she died.

- كَانَ صَخْرٌ هَذَا جَوَادًا كَرِيمًا.

This Sakhr was a generous and noble man.

هَلْ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ: - الْقَنَاةَ مِنَ الرُّمْحِ الَّذِي يُطْعَنُ بِهِ الْفَارِسُ فِي الْمُوَاجَهَةِ أَوْ مِنَ الْخَلْفِ؟ -

Do you know that: The spear (qanah) is the lance with which the knight strikes in confrontation or from behind?

- السَّيْفَ يُضْرَبُ بِهِ الْفَارِسُ رِقَابَ الْأَعْدَاءِ فِي الْمُوَاجَهَةِ؟

The sword is used by the knight to strike the necks of enemies in confrontation?

لِمَاذَا سُمِّيَتِ اللُّغَةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ لُغَةَ الضَّادِ؟

Why is the Arabic language called the language of the Dad?

هَلْ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ: كَافُورًا كَانَ أَعْظَمَ مَنْ حَكَمُوا مِصْرَ زَمَنَ الدَّوْلَةِ الْإِخْشِيدِيَّةِ، وَقَدْ مَدَحَهُ الْمُتَنَبِّي ثُمَّ هَجَاهُ؟

Do you know that: Kafur was the greatest of those who ruled Egypt during the Ikhshidid dynasty, and Al-Mutanabbi praised him and then satirized him?

اللُّغَةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ - الصَّفُّ الْأَوَّلُ الثَّانَوِيُّ

Arabic Language - First Secondary Grade, Lesson Two: Home is a Homeland. ⟶ (sentence continues on next page)

Vocabulary · المفردات (28 verbs · 93 nouns)

• قَرَأَ — to read
• رَثَى — to mourn
• مَسَّى — to reach the evening
• صَبَّحَ — to reach the morning
• وَجَدَ — to find
• ذَكَّرَ — to remind
• مَدَحَ — to praise
• أَزْرَى — to disparage
• تَأَمَّلَ — to contemplate
• عَدَلَ — to turn away
• لَزِمَ — to necessitate
• اِسْتَدْعَى — to call for
• اِفْتَرَشَ — to spread out
• فَاجَأَ — to surprise
• طَلَعَ — to rise
• صَارَ — to become
• كَنَى — to use metonymy
• سَمَّى — to name
• قَالَ — to say
• هَتَا — to call out
• بَكَى — to cry
• مَاتَ — to die
• عَلِمَ — to know
• طَعَنَ — to stab
• ضَرَبَ — to strike
• هَجَا — to satirize
• أَرَادَ — to want
• حَكَمَ — to rule
• وَحْدَةٌ — unit
• بِنَاءٌ — a building
• وَطَنٌ — homeland
• مِثَالٌ — an example
• رِثَاءٌ — lamentation
• طَوِيلٌ — tall
• نِجَادٌ — sword belt
• رَفِيعٌ — high
• عِمَادٌ — pillar
• كَثِيرٌ — much
• رَمَادٌ — ash
• وَقِيعَةٌ — battle
• سَيْفٌ — sword
• دَوْلَةٌ — state
• حَرِيرٌ — silk
• تُرَابٌ — dust
• خِضَابٌ — dye
• شَاعِرٌ — poet
• دَارٌ — house
• عِلْمٌ — science
• إِحْيَاءٌ — revival
• لُغَةٌ — language
• عَرَبِيٌّ — Arabic (adjective)
• بِنْتٌ — daughter
• بَدَاوَةٌ — bedouin life
• مَجْدٌ — glory
• ثَوْبٌ — a garment
• كَرَمٌ — generosity
• مِلْءٌ — fullness
• بُرْدٌ — cloak
• ضِيَاءٌ — light
• تَوْضِيحٌ — clarification
• بَيْتٌ — verse
• تَرْكِيبٌ — structure
• دَلَالَةٌ — indication
• شُجَاعٌ — brave
• عَظِيمٌ — great
• قَوْمٌ — people
• كَرِيمٌ — generous
• تَصْرِيحٌ — declaration
• صِفَةٌ — attribute
• إِشَارَةٌ — sign
• كِنَايَةٌ — metonymy
• طُولٌ — length
• حِمَالَةٌ — strap
• صَاحِبٌ — owner
• جِسْمٌ — body
• شَجَاعَةٌ — bravery
• عَادَةٌ — habit
• مَكَانَةٌ — status
• حَرْقٌ — burn
• حَطَبٌ — firewood
• طَبْخٌ — cooking
• ظَاهِرٌ — apparent
• حِينٌ — time
• جَيْشٌ — army
• لَيْلٌ — night
• حَالٌ — state
• تَرَفٌ — luxury
• تَعْبِيرٌ — expression
• رَجُلٌ — man
• مَرْأَةٌ — woman
• سَطْوَةٌ — power
• بَطْشٌ — violence
• سَوَاءٌ — equal
• مَوْصُوفٌ — described
• مَدْرَسَةٌ — school
• مَكَانٌ — place, location, site
• عَهْدٌ — era
• قُوَّةٌ — strength
• اِسْمٌ — name
• ذَاتٌ — essence
• لَازِمٌ — consequence
• مَعْنًى — meaning
• أُولَى — first (feminine)
• مُوَاجَهَة — confrontation
• جَوَّاد — generous, munificent, liberal
• كَثْرَة — abundance
• جَمِيلَة — beautiful
• كَوْن — being
• أَعْظَم — greatest
• أَكْثَر — more
• جَاهِلِيَّة — pre-Islamic era
• جَمَال — beauty
• أَنْف — nose
• شِعْر — poetry
• بَسْط — carpet
• عُلُوم — sciences
• رُمْح — spear
• فَارِس — knight
• ضَاد — the letter Dad
• زَمَن — time
• ثَانَوِيّ — secondary