Egyptian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 10, Semester 2 — Page 17

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الدَّرْسُ الثَّانِي: الْبَيْتُ وَطَنٌ

Lesson Two: Home is a Homeland

قِيَمٌ دِينِيَّةٌ

Religious Values

ثَانِيًا: الشَّرْحُ:

Second: Explanation:

يُقْسِمُ الشَّاعِرُ إِنَّهُ لَنْ يَبِيعَ وَطَنَهُ (مَنْزِلَهُ) وَلَنْ يَمْلِكَهُ أَحَدٌ غَيْرُهُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ مَدَى الدَّهْرِ، لَقَدْ قَضَى أَيَّامَ شَبَابِهِ الْأُولَى وَعَاشَ فِي ظِلَالِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَلَا يُؤْذِ جَارَهُ».

The poet swears he will never sell his homeland (his house), nor will he let anyone else own it. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 'Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day, let him not harm his neighbor.' He spent the early days of his youth living in its shade.

مُنَعَّمًا كَمَا يَنْعَمُ الْإِنْسَانُ فِي ظِلَالِ الْوَالِي، لَقَدْ أَحَبَّتْ نَفْسِي هَذَا الْوَطَنَ الصَّغِيرَ، فَصَارَ كَالْجَسَدِ الَّذِي يَحْتَوِي هَذِهِ النَّفْسَ، فَإِنْ بَعْدَتْ عَنْهُ هَلَكَتْ، فَكَذَلِكَ هُوَ إِنْ غَادَرَ هَذَا الْبَيْتَ هَلَكَ.

He lived in comfort, just as one lives under the protection of a ruler. My soul has grown to love this small homeland; it has become like the body that contains this soul. If the soul were to be separated from it, it would perish; likewise, he would perish if he were to leave this house.

مَنْ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ وَنِظَامُهَا بِنَاءً إِنَّ مَا يُحَبِّبُ الْأَوْطَانَ إِلَى الْإِنْسَانِ مَا يَقْضِيهِ مِنْ حَاجَاتٍ وَمَطَالِبَ فِي تِلْكَ الْأَوْطَانِ، وَهَؤُلَاءِ إِذَا ذَكَرُوا أَوْطَانَهُمْ ذَكَرَتْهُمُ الْأَوْطَانُ بِأَيَّامِ كَلِمَةُ قَوْمٍ مَعْرِفُهَا رَجُلٌ مِنْ غَيْرِ نَفْسِهَا الشَّبَابِ الْجَمِيلَةِ..

What makes a homeland dear to a person is the fulfillment of his needs and demands within it. When such people remember their homelands, their homelands remember them for the days of beautiful youth... the words of a people known by a man other than their own.

إِنَّ هَذَا الْجَارَ قَدْ أَضَرَّ بِمَنْزِلِي وَقَدْ سَلَكَ كُلَّ الطُّرُقِ قَالَ زُهَيْرٌ هَاجِيهَا حَتَّى أَبِيعَهُ وَأَرْحَلَ عَنْهُ.

This neighbor has harmed my house and has tried every tactic—as Zuhair said—to disparage it, hoping I will sell it and move away.

لَقَدْ ظَلَمَ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ ابْنَ الرُّومِيِّ، وَلَمْ يَسْتَجِبْ وَمَا أَدْرِي وَنَسْتَ الْخَالُ أَمْرِي أَحَدٌ لِمَظْلِمَتِهِ ثُمَّ يُوَجِّهُ ابْنُ الرُّومِيِّ خِطَابَهُ إِلَى الْوَالِي قَائِلًا: مِنَ النَّاسِ - أَيُّهَا الْوَالِي - مَنْ لَا يَحْفَظُونَ حَقًّا لِشَاعِرٍ؛ لِأَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَقْتَدُوا بِفِعَالِكَ، فَاكْشِفْ عَنِّي هَذِهِ الْمَظْلِمَةَ، وَابْتَعِدْ عَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْبُغَضَاءِ الَّذِينَ يُورِدُونَكَ مَوَارِدَ الْهَلَكَةِ.

This man has wronged Ibn al-Rumi, and no one has responded to his grievance. Ibn al-Rumi then directs his plea to the ruler: 'O ruler, there are people who do not respect the rights of a poet because they do not follow your example. Relieve me of this injustice and distance yourself from these hateful people who lead you toward destruction.'

أَخَوْمٌ أَمْ حِصْنٌ أَمْ بِسَاءُ

Is it fear, a fortress, or misery?

ثَالِثًا: التَّذَوُّقُ

Third: Appreciation

١ - لَمْعَةٌ بَلَاغِيَّةٌ: الْكِنَايَةُ

1 - A Rhetorical Glimpse: Metonymy (Al-Kinayah)

أَعِدْ قِرَاءَةَ أَبْيَاتِ ابْنِ الرُّومِيِّ وَحَدِّدِ الْمَعَانِيَ الَّتِي تَضَمَّنَتْهَا أَلْفَاظُهُ وَتَرَاكِيبُهُ كَالْمِثَالِ التَّالِي:

Reread the verses of Ibn al-Rumi and identify the meanings conveyed by his words and structures, as in the following example:

وَلِي وَطَنٌ آلَيْتُ أَلَّا أَبِيعَهُ

I have a homeland I have sworn never to sell.

لَاحِظْ أَنَّ لَدَيْنَا أَلْفَاظًا وَتَرَاكِيبَ تَدُلُّ عَلَى الْقَسَمِ بِعَدَمِ بَيْعِ الْبَيْتِ، وَهَذِهِ هُوَ الْمَعْنَى الظَّاهِرُ وَهَذِهِ الْأَلْفَاظُ لَهَا مَعْنًى آخَرُ غَيْرُ ظَاهِرٍ وَهُوَ حُبُّ الْوَطَنِ

Notice that we have words and structures indicating an oath not to sell the house. This is the literal meaning, but these words carry another, underlying meaning: love of the homeland.

لَاحِظِ الشَّكْلَ

Observe the figure.

الْمَعْنَى الظَّاهِرُ

The literal meaning

آلَيْتُ أَلَّا أَبِيعَهُ

I have sworn not to sell it.

الْمَعْنَى الْبَاطِنُ

The underlying meaning

حُبُّ الْوَطَنِ

Love of the homeland

فَالْقَسَمُ يَسْتَلْزِمُ الْحِرْصَ عَلَى الشَّيْءِ، وَحُبَّهُ، وَعَلَاقَةُ التَّلَازُمِ بَيْنَ الْمَعْنَى الظَّاهِرِيِّ لِلْأَلْفَاظِ وَالْمَعْنَى الْبَاطِنِيِّ لَهَا تُسَمَّى الْكِنَايَةَ: تَعَالَوْا نَتَعَرَّفِ الْكِنَايَةَ فِيمَا يَلِي:

The oath implies a protective attachment and love for the object. The relationship of association between the literal meaning of the words and their underlying meaning is called metonymy (Kinayah). Let us explore metonymy in the following:

الدَّوْلِيَّةُ لِتَحْوِيلِ الْوَرَقِ

International for Paper Conversion

الْفَصْلُ الدِّرَاسِيُّ الثَّانِي

The Second Semester

Vocabulary · المفردات (36 verbs · 57 nouns)

• أَقْسَمَ — to swear
• بَاعَ — to sell
• مَلَكَ — to own
• قَضَى — to spend time
• عَاشَ — to live
• نَعِمَ — to enjoy
• أَحَبَّ — to love
• صَارَ — to become
• اِحْتَوَى — to contain
• بَعُدَ — to be far
• هَلَكَ — to perish
• غَادَرَ — to leave
• آمَنَ — to believe
• آذَى — to harm
• حَبَّبَ — to make beloved
• ذَكَرَ — to remember
• أَضَرَّ — to harm
• سَلَكَ — to follow
• رَحَلَ — to depart
• ظَلَمَ — to oppress
• اِسْتَجَابَ — to respond
• وَجَّهَ — to direct
• حَفِظَ — to preserve
• اِقْتَدَى — to follow the example
• كَشَفَ — to reveal
• اِبْتَعَدَ — to move away
• أَوْرَدَ — to lead to
• أَعَادَ — to repeat
• حَدَّدَ — to define
• تَضَمَّنَ — to include
• آلَى — to swear
• لَاحَظَ — to observe
• دَلَّ — to indicate
• اِسْتَلْزَمَ — to require
• سَمَّى — to name
• تَعَرَّفَ — to recognize
• دَرْسٌ — lesson
• بَيْتٌ — house
• وَطَنٌ — homeland
• قِيمَةٌ — value
• دِينِيَّةٌ — religious
• شَرْحٌ — explanation
• شَاعِرٌ — poet
• مَنْزِلٌ — house
• أَحَدٌ — someone
• دَهْرٌ — time
• يَوْمٌ — day
• شَبَابٌ — youth
• أَوَّلٌ — first
• ظِلٌّ — shade
• إِنْسَانٌ — human
• وَالٍ — governor
• نَفْسٌ — soul / psyche
• صَغِيرٌ — small
• جَسَدٌ — body
• آخِرٌ — last
• جَارٌ — neighbor
• حَاجَةٌ — need
• مَطْلَبٌ — demand
• جَمِيلٌ — beautiful
• طَرِيقٌ — path
• رَجُلٌ — man
• مَظْلِمَةٌ — grievance
• خِطَابٌ — address
• حَقٌّ — right
• فِعَالٌ — deeds
• بَغِيضٌ — hateful
• مَوْرِدٌ — source
• هَلَكَةٌ — destruction
• تَذَوُّقٌ — appreciation
• لَمْحَةٌ — flash
• بَلَاغِيَّةٌ — rhetoric, eloquence (as a concept/field of study)
• كِنَايَةٌ — metonymy
• قِرَاءَةٌ — reading
• مَعْنًى — meaning
• لَفْظٌ — word
• تَرْكِيبٌ — structure
• مِثَالٌ — an example
• قَسَمٌ — oath
• عَدَمٌ — non-existence
• بَيْعٌ — selling
• حُبٌّ — love
• شَكْلٌ — shape
• ظَاهِرٌ — apparent
• بَاطِنٌ — hidden
• حِرْصٌ — eagerness
• شَيْءٌ — thing
• عَلَاقَةٌ — relationship
• تَلَازُمٌ — cohesion
• ظَاهِرِيٌّ — apparent
• بَاطِنِيٌّ — hidden
• أُولَى — first (feminine)
• رَسُول — Prophet