Egyptian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 10, Semester 2 — Page 14

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَفِي الجُمْلَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ سُبِقَتِ الجُمْلَةُ بِنَفْيٍ وَغَابَ المُسْتَثْنَى مِنْهُ فَأُعْرِبَ المُسْتَثْنَى حَسَبَ مَوْقِعِهِ فِي الجُمْلَةِ.

In the third sentence, the statement is preceded by a negation and the exception-from is absent, so the exception is parsed according to its position in the sentence.

فِي أَمْثِلَةِ المَجْمُوعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ تَبَدَّلَتْ أَدَاةُ الِاسْتِثْنَاءِ وَصَارَتْ غَيْرَ - سِوَى وَصَارَ الِاسْمُ بَعْدَهُمَا مَجْرُورًا بِالِإضَافَةِ وَحَلَّتْ غَيْرُ - سِوَى مَحَلَّ المُسْتَثْنَى.

In the examples of the second group, the exception particle has changed to 'ghayr' or 'siwa'; the noun following them is genitive by annexation, and 'ghayr' or 'siwa' now take the place of the exception.

فِي أَمْثِلَةِ المَجْمُوعَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ: أَدَاةُ الِاسْتِثْنَاءِ هِيَ خَلَا - عَدَا - حَاشَا وَالِاسْمُ بَعْدَهَا إِمَّا مَجْرُورٌ أَوْ مَنْصُوبٌ.

In the examples of the third group, the exception particle is 'khala', 'ada', or 'hasha', and the noun following it is either genitive or accusative.

وَعِنْدَمَا سُبِقَتْ خَلَا - عَدَا بِمَا المَصْدَرِيَّةِ جَاءَ الِاسْمُ بَعْدَهَا مَنْصُوبًا.

When 'khala' or 'ada' are preceded by the infinitive 'ma', the noun following them must be in the accusative case.

المُسْتَثْنَى اسْمٌ يُذْكَرُ بَعْدَ أَدَاةٍ مِنْ أَدَوَاتِ الِاسْتِثْنَاءِ مُخَالِفًا لِمَا قَبْلَهَا فِي الحُكْمِ.

An exception is a noun mentioned after an exception particle that differs from what precedes it in the ruling.

أَجْزَاءُ أُسْلُوبِ الِاسْتِثْنَاءِ ثَلَاثَةٌ: المُسْتَثْنَى مِنْهُ - الأَدَاةُ - المُسْتَثْنَى.

The parts of an exception structure are three: the exception-from, the particle, and the exception.

أَنْوَاعُ أَسَالِيبِ الِاسْتِثْنَاءِ ثَلَاثَةٌ: تَامٌّ مُثْبَتٌ - تَامٌّ مَنْفِيٌّ - نَاقِصٌ مَنْفِيٌّ.

There are three types of exception structures: complete affirmative, complete negative, and incomplete negative.

يَجِبُ نَصْبُ المُسْتَثْنَى بَعْدَ إِلَّا إِذَا كَانَ الكَلَامُ تَامًّا مُثْبَتًا.

The exception must be in the accusative case after 'illa' if the statement is complete and affirmative.

وَيَجُوزُ نَصْبُهُ عَلَى الِاسْتِثْنَاءِ أَوْ إِتْبَاعُهُ لِلْمُسْتَثْنَى مِنْهُ عَلَى أَنَّهُ بَدَلٌ إِذَا كَانَ الكَلَامُ تَامًّا مَنْفِيًّا.

It is permissible to use the accusative case for the exception or to follow the exception-from as a substitute if the statement is complete and negative.

وَيُعْرَبُ حَسَبَ مَوْقِعِهِ فِي الجُمْلَةِ إِذَا كَانَ الكَلَامُ نَاقِصًا مَنْفِيًّا.

It is parsed according to its position in the sentence if the statement is incomplete and negative.

المُسْتَثْنَى بِغَيْرِ وَسِوَى يَكُونُ مَجْرُورًا بِالِإضَافَةِ دَائِمًا.

The exception with 'ghayr' and 'siwa' is always genitive by annexation.

وَتَأْخُذُ غَيْرُ - سِوَى حُكْمَ المُسْتَثْنَى بِإِلَّا.

'Ghayr' and 'siwa' follow the same rules as the exception with 'illa'.

المُسْتَثْنَى بِـ (خَلَا - عَدَا - حَاشَا) يَجُوزُ جَرُّهُ عَلَى أَنَّهَا حُرُوفُ جَرٍّ، وَيَجُوزُ نَصْبُهُ عَلَى أَنَّهَا أَفْعَالٌ فَيُعْرَبُ مَفْعُولًا بِهِ.

The exception with 'khala', 'ada', or 'hasha' can be genitive if they are treated as prepositions, or accusative if they are treated as verbs, in which case it is parsed as an object.

وَإِذَا دَخَلَتْ مَا المَصْدَرِيَّةُ عَلَى (خَلَا - عَدَا) وَجَبَ نَصْبُهُ.

If the infinitive 'ma' is added to 'khala' or 'ada', the noun must be in the accusative case.

بَعْدَ دِرَاسَتِكَ لِأُسْلُوبِ الِاسْتِثْنَاءِ اسْتَمِعْ وَحَدِّدْ مُكَوِّنَاتِ هَذَا الأُسْلُوبِ وَمَدَى اسْتِخْدَامِ المُتَحَدِّثِ لِهَذَا الأُسْلُوبِ بِشَكْلٍ صَحِيحٍ.

After studying the exception structure, listen and identify its components and whether the speaker uses it correctly.

دَوِّنْ مُلَاحَظَاتِكَ فِي مُفَكِّرَتِكَ الخَاصَّةِ: لِتَسْتَفِيدَ مِنْهَا عِنْدَ الكِتَابَةِ الوَظِيفِيَّةِ وَالِإبْدَاعِيَّةِ.

Record your observations in your personal notebook to use for functional and creative writing.

عَبِّرْ عَنِ المَعَانِي التَّالِيَةِ بِأُسْلُوبِ اسْتِثْنَاءٍ.

Express the following meanings using an exception structure.

عَادَ الفِدَائِيُّونَ بَعْدَ مُغَامَرَتِهِمْ سَالِمِينَ، وَلَكِنِ اسْتُشْهِدَ فِدَائِيَّانِ.

The fedayeen returned from their adventure safely, except for two who were martyred.

أَجَادَ المُمَثِّلُونَ أَدْوَارَهُمْ، وَلَمْ يَجِدْ ثَلَاثَةٌ مِنْهُمْ.

The actors performed their roles well, except for three of them.

اشْتَرَكَ الطُّلَّابُ فِي المُسَابَقَةِ وَلَمْ يَشْتَرِكْ فِيهَا القَلِيلُ مِنْهُمْ.

The students participated in the competition, except for a few.

قَرَأْتُ جَمِيعَ بُحُوثِ زُمَلَائِي وَلَمْ أَقْرَأْ بَحْثًا.

I read all my colleagues' research, except for one paper.

Vocabulary · المفردات (40 verbs · 66 nouns)

• سَبَقَ — to precede
• غَابَ — to be absent
• أَعْرَبَ — to parse
• تَبَدَّلَ — to change
• صَارَ — to become
• حَلَّ — to take the place of
• خَلَا — to be empty
• عَدَا — to pass by
• حَاشَا — to exclude
• جَاءَ — to come
• اِسْتَنْتَجَ — to deduce
• ذَكَرَ — to mention
• خَالَفَ — to contradict
• وَجَبَ — to be necessary
• كَانَ — to be
• جَازَ — to be permissible
• اِتَّبَعَ — to follow
• أَخَذَ — to take
• دَخَلَ — to enter
• اِسْتَمَعَ — to listen
• حَدَّدَ — to determine
• اِسْتَخْدَمَ — to use
• دَوَّنَ — to note down
• اِسْتَفَادَ — to benefit
• عَبَّرَ — to express
• عَادَ — to return
• اِسْتَشْهَدَ — to be martyred
• أَجَادَ — to perform well
• وَجَدَ — to find
• اِشْتَرَكَ — to participate
• قَرَأَ — to read
• دَرَسَ — to study
• وَلَدَ — to be born
• فَكَّرَ — to think
• عَمِلَ — to work
• احْتَاجَ — to need
• أَتَاحَ — to allow/make available
• أَتَى — to come
• رَجَا — to hope
• تَعَاوَنَ — to cooperate
• جُمْلَة — sentence
• نَفْي — negation
• مُسْتَثْنَى — exception
• مَوْقِع — position
• مِثَال — an example
• مَجْمُوعَة — group
• أَدَاة — tool
• اِسْتِثْنَاء — exception
• اِسْم — noun
• إِضَافَة — genitive construction
• مَحَل — place
• مَصْدَرِيَّة — infinitive
• حُكْم — ruling
• أُسْلُوب — style
• تَامّ — complete
• مُثْبَت — affirmative
• مَنْفِيّ — negative
• نَاقِص — incomplete
• كَلَام — speech
• بَدَل — substitute
• حَيَاة — life
• دِرَاسَة — study
• مُكَوِّن — component
• مَدَى — extent
• اِسْتِخْدَام — use, usage, utilization
• مُتَحَدِّث — speaker
• شَكْل — form
• مُلَاحَظَة — note
• مُفَكِّرَة — notebook
• كِتَابَة — writing
• وَظِيفِيَّة — functional
• إِبْدَاعِيَّة — creative
• مَعْنَى — meaning
• فِدَائِيّ — fedayeen
• مُغَامَرَة — adventure
• مُمَثِّل — actor
• دَوْر — role
• طَالِب — student
• مُسَابَقَة — competition
• قَلِيل — few
• بَحْث — research
• زَمِيل — colleague
• أَهَمِّيَّة — importance
• مَوْلُود — born
• أُولَى — first (feminine)
• وَطَن — home
• سَرِير — bed
• مُخَالِف — contrary
• وَحْدَة — unit
• بِنَاء — building/construction
• مَصْدَر — source/infinitive
• جُزْء — part
• نَوْع — type
• حَرْف — letter/particle
• مَفْعُول — object
• تَطْبِيق — application
• وَظِيفَة — function/job
• إِبْدَاع — creativity
• مَدْرَسَة — school
• مُسْتَشْفَى — hospital
• تِعْدَاد — census
• سُكَّان — population
• مَسْؤُول — official
• لُغَة — language
• صَفّ — class/grade
• ثَانَوِيّ — secondary