Egyptian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 10, Semester 1 — Page 20

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الوَحْدَةُ الْأُولَى: قِيَمٌ عَرَبِيَّةٌ.

Unit One: Arab Values.

اِسْتَنْتِجْ.

Deduce.

التَّعْبِيرُ الْحَقِيقِيُّ: هُوَ الَّذِي يَسْتَخْدِمُ الْأَلْفَاظَ فِيمَا وُضِعَتْ لَهُ اِصْطِلَاحًا.

Literal expression: Using words according to their conventional definitions.

التَّعْبِيرُ الْمَجَازِيُّ: هُوَ الَّذِي يَسْتَخْدِمُ الْأَلْفَاظَ فِي غَيْرِ مَا وُضِعَتْ لَهُ.

Figurative expression: Using words in ways other than their conventional definitions.

الْمَعْنَى الْوَاحِدُ قَدْ يُصَوَّرُ بِالْحَقِيقَةِ، وَقَدْ يُصَوَّرُ بِالْخَيَالِ.

The same meaning may be depicted through reality or through imagination.

يَزِيدُ الْخَيَالُ الْمَعْنَى وُضُوحًا وَجَمَالًا وَيُؤَثِّرُ فِي نَفْسِ الْمُتَلَقِّي.

Imagination adds clarity and beauty to meaning, and it resonates with the reader.

مِنْ جَمَالِيَّاتِ النَّصِّ: (أ) الْمُوسِيقَى: تَتَجَلَّى الْمُوسِيقَى فِي هَذَا النَّصِّ فِي الْوَزْنِ وَالْقَافِيَةِ الْمُوَحَّدَةِ.

Aesthetics of the text: (A) Music: Music in this text is manifested through meter and unified rhyme.

(ب) وَبِضِدِّهَا تَتَمَيَّزُ الْأَشْيَاءُ: اِقْرَأِ الْأَبْيَاتَ وَحَدِّدِ الْعَلَاقَاتِ بَيْنَ الْكَلِمَاتِ وَالْجُمَلِ تَجِدْ أَنَّ هُنَاكَ طِبَاقًا بَيْنَ (شَبَابٍ - كُهُولٍ) وَ(عَالِمٍ - جَهُولٍ) وَمُقَابَلَةً بَيْنَ (أَنَا قَلِيلٌ وَجَارُنَا عَزِيزٌ) وَ(جَارُ الْأَكْثَرِينَ ذَلِيلٌ).

(B) Things are distinguished by their opposites: Read the verses and identify the relationships between the words and sentences. You will find antithesis (tibaq) between (youth - elders) and (knowledgeable - ignorant), and contrast (muqabala) between (I am few and our neighbor is mighty) and (the neighbor of the majority is lowly).

وَالطِّبَاقُ وَالْمُقَابَلَةُ يُقَوِّيَانِ الْمَعْنَى وَيُوَضِّحَانِهِ.

Antithesis and contrast strengthen and clarify the meaning.

نَشَاطٌ.

Activity.

(ج) الْأَسَالِيبُ: هَاتِ مِنْ مَحْفُوظَاتِكَ الشِّعْرِيَّةِ أَوِ النَّثْرِيَّةِ أَمْثِلَةً لِلطِّبَاقِ وَالْمُقَابَلَةِ، وَنَاقِشْهَا مَعَ مُعَلِّمِكَ.

(C) Styles: Provide examples of antithesis and contrast from your memorized poetry or prose, and discuss them with your teacher.

(الْبَيْتَانِ الْأَوَّلُ وَالثَّانِي) أُسْلُوبَا شَرْطٍ يُفِيدَانِ التَّقْرِيرَ وَالتَّأْكِيدَ.

(The first and second verses) are conditional structures used for affirmation and emphasis.

(إِنَّ الْكِرَامَ قَلِيلٌ) أُسْلُوبٌ خَبَرِيٌّ مُؤَكَّدٌ بِإِنَّ.

(Indeed, the noble are few) is a declarative sentence emphasized with 'inna'.

(وَمَا قَلَّ مَنْ كَانَتْ بَقَايَاهُ مِثْلَنَا) أُسْلُوبُ نَفْيٍ غَرَضُهُ الِاسْتِبْعَادُ أَيْ مِنَ الْمُسْتَبْعَدِ وَصْفُ مَنْ كَانَ مِثْلَنَا بِالْقِلَّةِ.

(And he whose remnants are like ours has not diminished) is a negative structure used to express improbability; it is unlikely that someone like us would be described as few.

(سَلِي) أُسْلُوبُ أَمْرٍ غَرَضُهُ النُّصْحُ.

(Ask) is an imperative used for advice.

(إِنْ جَهِلْتِ) أُسْلُوبُ شَرْطٍ يُفِيدُ الشَّكَّ هُنَا: لِأَنَّ الشَّاعِرَ دَلَّلَ عَلَى قُوَّةِ قَبِيلَتِهِ وَانْتِصَارَاتِهَا وَأَيَّامِهَا الْمَعْرُوفَةِ الْمَشْهُورَةِ عِنْدَ الْأَعْدَاءِ قَبْلَ الْحُلَفَاءِ، فَكَيْفَ تَجْهَلُهَا مَنْ عَيَّرَتْهُ بِضَعْفِ قَبِيلَتِهِ؟

(If you are ignorant) is a conditional structure used here to imply doubt: the poet has already demonstrated his tribe's strength, victories, and days of renown known to both enemies and allies alike, so how could she be ignorant of them when she taunted him about his tribe's weakness?

نَشَاطٌ: اِكْتَشِفْ أَسْرَارَ الْأَسَالِيبِ فِي النَّصِّ، وَنَاقِشْهَا مَعَ مُعَلِّمِكَ.

Activity: Discover the nuances of the styles in the text and discuss them with your teacher.

(د) الْخَيَالُ وَالتَّصْوِيرُ: لَمْ يَدْنَسْ مِنَ اللَّوْمِ عِرْضُهُ (اِسْتِعَارَةٌ مَكْنِيَّةٌ، شَبَّهَ الشَّاعِرُ الْعِرْضَ بِالثَّوْبِ الْأَبْيَضِ النَّظِيفِ، وَحَذَفَ الْمُشَبَّهَ بِهِ (الثَّوْبَ الْأَبْيَضَ) وَرَمَزَ إِلَيْهِ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ لَوَازِمِهِ (لَمْ يَدْنَسْ) وَسِرُّ جَمَالِهَا التَّجْسِيمُ.

(D) Imagination and Imagery: 'His honor has not been stained by blame' (an implied metaphor; the poet likens honor to a clean white garment, omits the object of comparison—the white garment—and hints at it through one of its attributes—'not stained'. The beauty lies in its embodiment).

فَكُلُّ رِدَاءٍ يَرْتَدِيهِ جَمِيلٌ (اِسْتِعَارَةٌ تَصْرِيحِيَّةٌ، شَبَّهَ الشَّاعِرُ كُلَّ خَصْلَةٍ حَسَنَةٍ يَتَحَلَّى بِهَا الْإِنْسَانُ بِرِدَاءٍ جَمِيلٍ يَرْتَدِيهِ، وَحَذَفَ الْمُشَبَّهَ (الْخَصْلَةَ الْحَسَنَةَ) وَصَرَّحَ بِالْمُشَبَّهَ بِهِ (الرِّدَاءِ الْجَمِيلِ) وَسِرُّ جَمَالِهَا التَّجْسِيمُ.

(For every garment he wears is beautiful' (an explicit metaphor; the poet likens every good trait a person possesses to a beautiful garment they wear, omits the subject of comparison—the good trait—and explicitly states the object of comparison—the beautiful garment. The beauty lies in its embodiment).

Vocabulary · المفردات (29 verbs · 84 nouns)

• اِسْتَنْتَجَ — to deduce
• اِسْتَخْدَمَ — to use
• وَضَعَ — to place
• صَوَّرَ — to depict
• زَادَ — to increase
• أَثَّرَ — to influence
• تَجَلَّى — to manifest
• تَمَيَّزَ — to be distinguished
• قَرَأَ — to read
• حَدَّدَ — to determine
• وَجَدَ — to find
• قَوَّى — to strengthen
• وَضَّحَ — to clarify
• هَاتَى — to bring
• نَاقَشَ — to discuss
• أَفَادَ — to benefit
• قَلَّ — to be few
• سَلَى — to ask
• جَهِلَ — to be ignorant
• دَلَّلَ — to provide evidence
• عَيَّرَ — to taunt
• اِكْتَشَفَ — to discover
• دَنِسَ — to stain
• شَبَّهَ — to liken
• حَذَفَ — to omit
• رَمَزَ — to symbolize
• اِرْتَدَى — to wear
• تَحَلَّى — to adorn oneself
• صَرَّحَ — to declare
• وَحْدَة — unit
• قِيمَة — value
• تَعْبِير — expression
• لَفْظ — word
• اِصْطِلَاح — terminology
• مَعْنَى — meaning
• حَقِيقَة — reality
• خَيَال — imagination
• وُضُوح — clarity
• جَمَال — beauty
• نَفْس — soul / psyche
• مُتَلَقِّي — recipient
• جَمَالِيَّة — aesthetic
• نَصّ — text
• مُوسِيقَى — music
• وَزْن — meter
• قَافِيَة — rhyme
• ضِدّ — opposite
• شَيْء — thing
• بَيْت — verse
• عَلَاقَة — relation
• كَلِمَة — a word (grammatical term)
• جُمْلَة — sentence
• طِبَاق — antithesis
• شَبَاب — youth
• كَهْل — man
• عَالِم — a scholar; a scientist; a knowledgeable person
• جَهُول — ignorant
• مُقَابَلَة — juxtaposition
• قَلِيل — few
• جَار — neighbor
• عَزِيز — powerful
• أَكْثَر — majority
• ذَلِيل — humiliated person
• نَشَاط — activity
• أُسْلُوب — style
• مَحْفُوظَة — memorized texts
• مِثَال — an example
• مُعَلِّم — teacher
• شَرْط — condition; prerequisite; stipulation
• تَقْرِير — affirmation
• تَأْكِيد — emphasis
• كَرِيم — noble person
• بَقِيَّة — remnant
• مِثْل — likeness
• نَفْي — negation
• غَرَض — aim, purpose
• اِسْتِبْعَاد — exclusion
• وَصْف — description
• قِلَّة — scarcity
• أَمْر — command
• نُصْح — advice
• شَكّ — doubt
• شَاعِر — poet
• قُوَّة — strength
• قَبِيلَة — tribe
• اِنْتِصَار — victory, triumph
• يَوْم — day
• مَعْرُوف — known
• مَشْهُور — famous
• عَدُوّ — enemy
• حَلِيف — ally
• ضَعْف — weakness
• سِرّ — secret
• تَصْوِير — imagery
• لَوْم — blame
• عِرْض — honor
• اِسْتِعَارَة — metaphor
• ثَوْب — a garment
• أَبْيَض — white
• نَظِيف — clean
• مُشَبَّه — likened object
• لَازِمَة — attribute
• تَجْسِيم — personification
• رِدَاء — cloak
• جَمِيل — beautiful
• خَصْلَة — trait
• حَسَنَة — good
• إِنْسَان — human
• مُسْتَبْعَد — unlikely
• تَصْرِيحِيَّة — explicit
• أُولَى — first (feminine)
• مَكْنِيَّة — allusive, metaphorical, indirect (referring to a figure of speech)
• عَرَبِيَّة — Arabian