Egyptian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 10, Semester 1 — Page 14

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْوَحْدَةُ الْأُولَى قِيمٌ عَزِيزَةٌ.

Unit One: Cherished Values.

وَضِّحِ الْفَرْقَ بَيْنَ: (١) أَضْحَى الْأَمَلُ قَرِيبًا.

Clarify the difference between: (1) Hope has drawn near.

(٢) بَاتَتِ الْأُمُّ تَرْعَى طِفْلَهَا الْمَرِيضَ.

(2) The mother spent the night caring for her sick child.

(٣) مَكَثْنَا فِي الْحَقْلِ حَتَّى أَمْسَيْنَا.

(3) We stayed in the field until evening.

ثَانِيًا: أَفْعَالُ الْمُقَارَبَةِ وَالرَّجَاءِ وَالشُّرُوعِ.

Second: Verbs of Proximity, Hope, and Initiation.

اقْرَأِ الْأَمْثِلَةَ: (١) حَضَرَ الْأَصْدِقَاءُ عِنْدَمَا أَضْحَيْتُ.

Read the examples: (1) The friends arrived when I reached the morning.

(٢) تَأْوِي الطُّيُورُ إِلَى أَعْشَائِهَا فَتَبِيتُ.

(2) The birds take shelter in their nests and spend the night.

(٣) أَمْسَى الْقَمَرُ مُنِيرًا.

(3) The moon became bright in the evening.

(١) كَادَ الْفَقْرُ يَفْتِكُ بِالْبُسَطَاءِ.

(1) Poverty was about to destroy the simple people.

(ب) عَسَى السَّائِرُ لَيْلًا أَنْ يَهْتَدِيَ.

(B) The night traveler may find his way.

أَخَذَ حَاتِمٌ يَنْصَحُ زَوْجَتَهُ نَوَارَ.

Hatim began to advise his wife, Nawar.

كَرَبَ الطَّوَى يَقْضِي عَلَيْهِ.

Hunger was about to finish him off.

حَرَى شَبَابُ الْعَرَبِ أَنْ يَتَحَلَّوْا بِهَذِهِ الصِّفَاتِ.

It is hoped that Arab youth will adorn themselves with these qualities.

وَطَفِقَ حَاتِمٌ يُحَذِّرُ زَوْجَتَهُ مِنْ عَاقِبَةِ الْحِرْصِ.

Hatim began to warn his wife of the consequences of greed.

وَأَوْشَكَتِ الْقَبَائِلُ أَنْ تَتَفَانَى.

The tribes were on the verge of annihilating each other.

وَاخْلَوْلَقَتِ الْأُمَّةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ أَنْ تُرَبِّيَ أَبْنَاءَهَا عَلَى هَذِهِ الْقِيَمِ.

It is hoped that the Arab nation will raise its children upon these values.

فَهَلْ شَرَعَتِ الْأُمَّةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ تُقِيمُ نَهْضَةً تَعْلِيمِيَّةً مَبْنِيَّةً عَلَى مَكَارِمِ الْأَخْلَاقِ؟

Has the Arab nation begun to establish an educational renaissance built upon noble morals?

لَاحِظْ: أَنَّ الْأَفْعَالَ الَّتِي بَدَأَتْ بِهَا الْجُمَلُ السَّابِقَةُ تَعْمَلُ عَمَلَ كَانَ؛ فَهِيَ تَدْخُلُ عَلَى الْجُمْلَةِ الِاسْمِيَّةِ فَتَرْفَعُ الْمُبْتَدَأَ وَيُسَمَّى اسْمَهَا، وَتَنْصِبُ الْخَبَرَ وَيُسَمَّى خَبَرَهَا.

Note: The verbs that begin the previous sentences function like 'kana'; they take a nominal sentence, making the subject nominative (the noun) and the predicate accusative (the predicate).

الْمَجْمُوعَةُ (أ): الْأَفْعَالَ (كَادَ، كَرَبَ، أَوْشَكَ) تَدُلُّ عَلَى قُرْبِ وُقُوعِ الْخَبَرِ، لَكِنَّ الْخَبَرَ لَمْ يَقَعْ، وَخَبَرُهَا جُمْلَةٌ فِعْلِيَّةٌ فِعْلُهَا مُضَارِعٌ (يَفْتِكُ، يَقْضِي، تَتَفَانَى)؛ وَلِذَلِكَ فَهِيَ تُسَمَّى أَفْعَالَ الْمُقَارَبَةِ، وَيَقِلُّ اقْتِرَانُهُ بِأَنْ مَعَ (كَادَ وَكَرَبَ) وَيَكْثُرُ اقْتِرَانُهُ بِأَنْ مَعَ (أَوْشَكَ).

Group (A): The verbs (kada, karaba, awshaka) indicate that the predicate is imminent, though it has not yet occurred. Their predicate is a verbal sentence with a present-tense verb (yaftiku, yaqdi, tatafana). These are called verbs of proximity. Using 'an' with them is rare for (kada and karaba) and frequent for (awshaka).

الْمَجْمُوعَةُ (ب): الْأَفْعَالُ (عَسَى، حَرَى، اخْلَوْلَقَ) تَدُلُّ عَلَى رَجَاءِ وُقُوعِ الْخَبَرِ، أَيْ هُنَاكَ رَجَاءٌ وَأَمَلٌ فِي وُقُوعِ الْخَبَرِ؛ وَلِذَلِكَ فَهِيَ تُسَمَّى أَفْعَالَ الرَّجَاءِ، وَخَبَرُهَا جُمْلَةٌ فِعْلِيَّةٌ فِعْلُهَا مُضَارِعٌ (يَهْتَدِي، يَتَحَلَّى، تُرَبِّي)، يَكْثُرُ اقْتِرَانُهُ بِأَنْ مَعَ (عَسَى) وَيَجِبُ اقْتِرَانُهُ بِأَنْ مَعَ (حَرَى وَاخْلَوْلَقَ).

Group (B): The verbs (asa, hara, ikhlawlaqa) indicate hope that the predicate will occur. These are called verbs of hope. Their predicate is a verbal sentence with a present-tense verb (yahtadi, yatahalla, turabbi). Using 'an' with them is frequent for (asa) and mandatory for (hara and ikhlawlaqa).

الْمَجْمُوعَةُ (ج): الْأَفْعَالُ (أَخَذَ، طَفِقَ، شَرَعَ) تَدُلُّ عَلَى الشُّرُوعِ فِي الْخَبَرِ، وَالْبَدْءِ فِيهِ؛ وَلِذَلِكَ فَهِيَ تُسَمَّى أَفْعَالَ الشُّرُوعِ، وَخَبَرُهَا جُمْلَةٌ فِعْلِيَّةٌ فِعْلُهَا مُضَارِعٌ (يَنْصَحُ، يُحَذِّرُ، تُقِيمُ) لَا يَقْتَرِنُ بِأَنْ.

Group (C): The verbs (akhadha, tafiqa, shara'a) indicate the start of the action. These are called verbs of initiation. Their predicate is a verbal sentence with a present-tense verb (yansahu, yuhadhiru, tuqimu) and does not take 'an'.

(هُنَاكَ أَفْعَالٌ أُخْرَى بِمَعْنَاهَا تَعْمَلُ عَمَلَهَا، مِثْلُ: أَنْشَأَ، جَعَلَ، بَدَأَ...)

(There are other verbs with the same meaning that function this way, such as: ansha'a, ja'ala, bada'a...)

Vocabulary · المفردات (41 verbs · 52 nouns)

• وَضَّحَ — to clarify
• أَضْحَى — to become
• بَاتَ — to spend the night
• رَعَى — to tend
• مَكَثَ — to stay
• أَمْسَى — to become in the evening
• قَرَأَ — to read
• حَضَرَ — to attend
• أَوَى — to shelter
• كَادَ — to be on the verge of
• فَتَكَ — to destroy
• عَسَى — to hope
• اهْتَدَى — to be guided
• أَخَذَ — to begin
• نَصَحَ — to advise
• كَرَبَ — to be on the verge of
• قَضَى — to finish
• حَرَى — to be likely
• تَحَلَّى — to adorn oneself
• طَفِقَ — to begin
• حَذَّرَ — to warn
• أَوْشَكَ — to be on the verge of
• تَفَانَى — to sacrifice
• اخْلَوْلَقَ — to be likely
• رَبَّى — to raise
• شَرَعَ — to begin
• أَقَامَ — to establish
• لَاحَظَ — to notice
• بَدَأَ — to begin
• عَمِلَ — to work
• دَخَلَ — to enter
• رَفَعَ — to raise
• سَمَّى — to name
• نَصَبَ — to set up
• دَلَّ — to indicate
• وَقَعَ — to happen
• قَلَّ — to be rare
• كَثُرَ — to be frequent
• وَجَبَ — to be necessary
• أَنْشَأَ — to begin
• جَعَلَ — to begin
• وَحْدَة — unit
• قِيمَة — value
• فَرْق — difference
• أَمَل — hope
• قَرِيب — near
• أُمّ — mother
• طِفْل — child
• مَرِيض — sick person
• حَقْل — field
• فِعْل — Form I (verb pattern)
• مُقَارَبَة — approximation
• رَجَاء — hope
• شُرُوع — beginning
• مِثَال — an example
• صَدِيق — friend
• طَيْر — bird
• عُشّ — nest
• قَمَر — moon
• مُنِير — luminous
• فَقْر — poverty
• بَسِيط — simple
• سَائِر — traveler
• لَيْل — night
• زَوْجَة — wife
• طَوَى — hunger (especially severe or prolonged hunger)
• شَابّ — young man
• عَرَب — Arabs (as a people or ethnic group)
• صِفَة — trait
• عَاقِبَة — consequence
• حِرْص — greed
• قَبِيلَة — tribe
• أُمَّة — nation
• عَرَبِيّ — Arab
• ابْن — son
• نَهْضَة — renaissance
• تَعْلِيمِيّ — educational
• مَبْنِيّ — built
• مَكْرُمَة — virtue
• خُلُق — morality
• جُمْلَة — sentence
• سَابِق — previous
• اسْمِيّ — nominal
• مُبْتَدَأ — subject
• اسْم — name
• خَبَر — predicate
• مَجْمُوعَة — group
• قُرْب — nearness
• وُقُوع — occurrence
• فِعْلِيّ — verbal
• اِقْتِرَان — association
• أَخْلَاق — character
• أُولَى — first (feminine)