Egyptian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 10, Semester 1 — Page 11

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الدَّرْسُ الْأَوَّلُ : مَكَارِمُ الْأَخْلَاقِ وَحَاتِمُ الطَّائِيِّ

Lesson One: Noble Morals and Hatim al-Ta'i.

وَكَانَ عَفِيفًا، عَزَّ عَنْ كُلِّ مَا يَشِينُ، وَكَفَّ نَفْسَهُ عَنِ الْمَطَامِعِ • فِي أَثْنَاءِ الْقِرَاءَةِ:

He was chaste, avoided anything shameful, and restrained himself from greed. • During reading:

وَصَانَهَا عَنْ فِعْلِ الدَّنِيَّاتِ، وَبَلَغَ مِنِ اسْتِحْيَاءِ حَاتِمٍ مِنْ جَارَاتِهِ وَحِفَاظِهِ عَلَى شَرَفِهِنَّ، وَعَدَمِ خَدْشِ حَيَائِهِنَّ، أَنَّهُ مَا مَرَّ بِإِحْدَاهُنَّ إِلَّا وَتَغَافَلَ أَوْ تَعَامَى، كَأَنَّهُ لَا يَرَاهَا أَوْ لَا يَعْرِفُهَا .

He protected himself from base acts. His modesty toward his female neighbors, his protection of their honor, and his care not to offend their sense of shame were such that he never passed by one of them without pretending to be unaware or blind, as if he did not see or know her.

- الصَّفْحُ أَكْثَرُ نَفْعًا، وَأَقْوَى تَأْثِيرًا فِي الْآخَرِينَ.

- Forgiveness is more beneficial and has a stronger impact on others.

وَضِّحْ ذَلِكَ .

Explain that.

- وَضِّحْ دَلَالَةَ الْجُمْلَتَيْنِ الْآتِيَتَيْنِ :

- Explain the significance of the following two sentences:

وَمِنْ فَضَائِلِ الْكَرِيمِ اللَّازِمَةِ - أَيْضًا - الصِّدْقُ، وَحَاتِمٌ كَانَ إِذَا حَدَّثَ صَدَقَ، وَإِذَا وَعَدَ أَوْفَى بِوَعْدِهِ، فَالْكَرِيمُ حَرِيصٌ عَلَى سُمْعَتِهِ، وَالْإِنْسَانُ رَهْنٌ بِأَعْمَالِهِ .

Among the essential virtues of a generous person is honesty. When Hatim spoke, he told the truth, and when he promised, he fulfilled it. A generous person is protective of his reputation, and a person is defined by his deeds.

( أَعَارَهَا أُذُنًا صَمَّاءَ )

(He turned a deaf ear to it)

( أَعَارَهَا أُذُنًا وَاعِيَةً )

(He lent an attentive ear to it)

لَا تَكَادُ

Hardly

- دَلِّلْ عَلَى تَحَلِّي حَاتِمٍ الطَّائِيِّ بِصِفَةِ الْعِفَّةِ .

- Provide evidence of Hatim al-Ta'i's chastity.

وَحَاتِمٌ رَجُلٌ مُحِبٌّ لِلسَّلَامِ فِي عَصْرٍ اتَّسَمَ بِالْقُوَّةِ، عَصْرٍ الْحُرُوبُ فِيهِ لَا تَتَوَقَّفُ، وَأَوْشَكَتِ الْقَبَائِلُ أَنْ تَتَفَانَى، فَاعْتَزَلَ حَاتِمٌ حَرْبَ الْفَسَادِ الَّتِي سَقَطَ فِيهَا خِيَرَةُ قَوْمِهِ، وَنَزَلَ فِي بَنِي بَدْرٍ؛ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ يَكْرَهُ الْعُنْفَ، وَيَعْرِفُ عَنِ الشَّرِّ؛ وَكَانَ يَنْصَحُ ابْنَهُ عَدِيًّا قَائِلًا : " إِذَا رَأَيْتَ الشَّرَّ يَتْرُكُكَ فَاتْرُكْهُ ".

Hatim was a man who loved peace in an era defined by brute force, an era of endless wars where tribes were on the verge of annihilation. He withdrew from the corrupt wars that claimed the best of his people and settled among the Banu Badr because he hated violence and avoided evil. He used to advise his son, Adi: "If you see evil leaving you, then leave it."

( اعْتَزَلَ حَاتِمٌ حَرْبَ الْفَسَادِ ) عَلَامَ يَدُلُّ هَذَا التَّعْبِيرُ ؟

("Hatim withdrew from the war of corruption") What does this expression indicate?

وَهُوَ سَيِّدٌ فِي قَوْمِهِ، مَرْمُوقُ الْمَكَانَةِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ مُتَوَاضِعٌ لَا يَتِيهُ، وَلَا يَرَى نَفْسَهُ فَوْقَ النَّاسِ، وَلَيْسَ مِنَ الْعَسِيرِ أَنْ يَمْتَازَ رَجُلٌ بِالْجُودِ، وَآخَرُ بِالْعِفَّةِ، وَثَالِثٌ بِالصَّفْحِ وَالتَّسَامُحِ وَالتَّوَاضُعِ، لَكِنْ مِنَ الْعَسِيرِ أَنْ تَجْتَمِعَ كُلُّ هَذِهِ الشَّمَائِلِ لِرَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ، فَإِنِ اجْتَمَعَتْ لَهُ فَهُوَ الْكَرِيمُ بِلَا مُنَافِسٍ

He was a leader among his people and held a high status, yet he was humble; he did not act arrogantly or see himself as superior to others. It is not difficult for one man to be distinguished by generosity, another by chastity, and a third by forgiveness, tolerance, or humility, but it is rare for all these traits to gather in one person. If they do, he is truly generous, without equal.

اذْكُرْ أَهَمَّ مَكَارِمِ الْأَخْلَاقِ الَّتِي تَعْكِسُ مَلَامِحَ شَخْصِيَّةِ حَاتِمٍ الطَّائِيِّ

Mention the most important noble morals that reflect the character of Hatim al-Ta'i.

- اقْتَرِحْ مَجْمُوعَةً أُخْرَى مِنْ مَكَارِمِ الْأَخْلَاقِ مُبَيِّنًا أَثَرَ التَّمَسُّكِ بِهَا فِي حَيَاةِ الْفَرْدِ وَالْمُجْتَمَعِ

- Suggest other noble morals and explain the effect of adhering to them on the individual and society.

فَلْيَقْرَأْ شَبَابُ الْعَرَبِ سِيرَةَ أَرْبَابِ الْقِيَمِ، وَذَوِي مَكَارِمِ الْأَخْلَاقِ، حَرِيٌّ أَنْ يَتَحَلَّوْا بِهَذِهِ الصِّفَاتِ، وَعَسَى الْأُمَّةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ أَنْ تُرَبِّيَ أَبْنَاءَهَا عَلَى هَذِهِ الْقِيَمِ الرَّفِيعَةِ، وَالصِّفَاتِ النَّبِيلَةِ .

Let the youth of the Arabs read the biographies of those who embodied these values and noble morals; it is fitting that they adopt these qualities. May the Arab nation raise its children on these high values and noble traits.

نَشَاطٌ الْكَلِمَةُ وَالسِّيَاقُ

Activity: The Word and the Context

بَعْدَ الْقِرَاءَةِ

After Reading

أَعِدْ قِرَاءَةَ الْمَوْضُوعِ وَتَوَصَّلْ إِلَى مَعَانِي الْكَلِمَاتِ الْآتِيَةِ مُسْتَعِينًا بِالْمُعْجَمِ فِي نِهَايَةِ الْكِتَابِ :

Reread the text and determine the meanings of the following words, using the dictionary at the end of the book:

أَطْنَابٌ

Atnab (tent ropes/prolixity)

عَادِيَةٌ

Ordinary

زَلَّاتٌ

Slips/mistakes

يَعْزِفُ

He plays (an instrument) / He turns away from

الْفَصْلُ الدِّرَاسِيُّ الْأَوَّلُ

The First Semester

Vocabulary · المفردات (44 verbs · 91 nouns)

• شَانَ — to disgrace
• كَفَّ — to restrain
• صَانَ — to protect
• بَلَغَ — to reach
• مَرَّ — to pass
• تَغَافَلَ — to feign ignorance
• تَعَامَى — to feign blindness
• رَأَى — to see
• عَرَفَ — to know
• حَدَّثَ — to speak
• صَدَقَ — to be truthful
• وَعَدَ — to promise
• وَفَى — to fulfill
• اتَّسَمَ — to be characterized
• تَوَقَّفَ — to stop
• أَوْشَكَ — to be about to
• تَفَانَى — to annihilate each other
• اعْتَزَلَ — to withdraw
• سَقَطَ — to fall
• نَزَلَ — to descend
• كَرِهَ — to hate
• نَصَحَ — to advise
• تَرَكَ — to leave
• تَاهَ — to be arrogant
• امْتَازَ — to distinguish
• اجْتَمَعَ — to gather
• قَرَأَ — to read
• تَحَلَّى — to adorn oneself
• رَبَّى — to raise
• كَانَ — to be
• عَزَّ — to be noble/proud
• اسْتَحْيَا — to be shy
• حَفِظَ — to preserve
• خَدَشَ — to scratch
• وَضَّحَ — to clarify
• أَعَارَ — to lend
• صَمَّ — to be deaf
• أَوْفَى — to fulfill
• دَلَّلَ — to provide evidence
• أَحَبَّ — to love
• دَلَّ — to indicate
• تَوَصَّلَ — to reach/conclude
• اسْتَعَانَ — to seek help
• عَزَفَ — to play music/turn away
• دَرْسٌ — lesson
• مَكْرُمَةٌ — virtue
• أَخْلَاقٌ — morals
• عَفِيفٌ — chaste
• مَطْمَعٌ — greed
• دَنِيَّةٌ — vile act
• اسْتِحْيَاءٌ — shyness
• جَارَةٌ — female neighbor
• حِفَاظٌ — preservation
• شَرَفٌ — honor
• خَدْشٌ — scratch
• حَيَاءٌ — modesty
• فَضِيلَةٌ — virtue
• كَرِيمٌ — generous
• صِدْقٌ — truthfulness
• وَعْدٌ — promise
• حَرِيصٌ — eager man
• سُمْعَةٌ — reputation
• إِنْسَانٌ — human
• رَهْنٌ — pledge
• عَمَلٌ — deed
• رَجُلٌ — man
• مُحِبٌّ — lover
• سَلَامٌ — peace
• عَصْرٌ — era
• قُوَّةٌ — strength
• حَرْبٌ — war
• قَبِيلَةٌ — tribe
• فَسَادٌ — corruption
• خِيَرَةٌ — best
• قَوْمٌ — people
• عُنْفٌ — violence
• شَرٌّ — evil, wickedness, badness
• ابْنٌ — son
• سَيِّدٌ — master
• مَكَانَةٌ — status
• مُتَوَاضِعٌ — humble
• نَاسٌ — people
• عَسِيرٌ — difficult
• جُودٌ — generosity
• عِفَّةٌ — chastity
• صَفْحٌ — forgiveness
• تَسَامُحٌ — tolerance
• تَوَاضُعٌ — humility
• شَمِيلَةٌ — trait
• مُنَافِسٌ — competitor
• شَبَابٌ — youth
• عَرَبٌ — Arabs (as a people or ethnic group)
• سِيرَةٌ — biography
• أَرْبَابٌ — masters
• قِيمَةٌ — value
• صِفَةٌ — attribute
• أُمَّةٌ — nation
• عَرَبِيٌّ — Arabic (adjective)
• رَفِيعٌ — high
• نَبِيلٌ — noble
• مَرْمُوق — distinguished
• مُعْجَم — dictionary
• دَلَالَة — connotation
• عَدَم — absence
• ثَالِث — third
• نَفْع — benefit
• مُسْتَعِين — one who seeks help
• نَشَاط — activity
• آخَر — another
• أَكْثَر — more
• مَلَامِح — features
• شَخْصِيَّة — character
• خُلُقٌ — morality
• فِعْلٌ — action
• تَأْثِيرٌ — influence
• جُمْلَةٌ — sentence
• أُذُنٌ — ear
• صَمَّاءُ — deaf
• وَاعِيَةٌ — conscious
• تَعْبِيرٌ — expression
• شَمَائِلُ — traits
• عَرَبِيَّةٌ — Arabian
• أَبٌ — father
• حَيَاةٌ — life
• فَرْدٌ — individual
• مُجْتَمَعٌ — society
• كَلِمَةٌ — word
• سِيَاقٌ — context
• مَوْضُوعٌ — topic
• مَعْنًى — meaning
• كِتَابٌ — book
• أَطْنَابٌ — tent ropes
• عَادِيَةٌ — ordinary
• زَلَّةٌ — slip/mistake
• فَصْلٌ — term