Egyptian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 10, Semester 1 — Page 10

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْوَحْدَةُ الْأُولَى: قِيَمٌ عَزِيزَةٌ

Unit One: Cherished Values

حَاتِمُ الطَّائِيُّ شَاعِرٌ جَاهِلِيٌّ مَعْرُوفٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ نَجْدٍ، فَارِسٌ جَوَادٌ مِنْ قَبِيلَةِ طَيِّئٍ، مَضْرِبُ الْمَثَلِ فِي الْجُودِ وَالْكَرَمِ، كَانَ رَئِيسًا مُطَاعًا فِي قَوْمِهِ، وَشَرِيفًا مَقْصُودًا مِنْ مُعَاصِرِيهِ، وَسَيِّدًا مُهَابًا مِنْ مُلُوكِ عَصْرِهِ، وَأَجْدَادُهُ جَمِيعًا سَادَةٌ لِنُجَبَاءَ، تَزَوَّجَ مَاوِيَّةَ بِنْتَ حُجْرٍ الْغَسَّانِيَّةَ، وَالنَّوَّارَ بِنْتَ تُرْمُلَةَ الْبَحْتَرِيَّةَ.

Hatim al-Ta'i was a renowned pre-Islamic poet from Najd, a generous knight of the Tayy tribe, and the very embodiment of nobility and bounty. He was a respected leader among his people, a man of status sought out by his contemporaries, and a chieftain revered by the kings of his time. His ancestors were all leaders of noble standing. He married Mawiyah bint Hujr al-Ghassaniyah and al-Nawar bint Turmulah al-Bahtariyah.

لَهُ دِيوَانٌ وَاحِدٌ فِي الشِّعْرِ، وَيُكَنَّى أَبَا سَفَّانَةَ وَأَبَا عَدِيٍّ.

He left behind one collection of poetry, and he was known by the kunyas Abu Safana and Abu Adi.

فِي أَثْنَاءِ الْقِرَاءَةِ : - بِمَ اسْتَحَقَّ حَاتِمُ الطَّائِيُّ أَنْ يَكُونَ رَئِيسًا مُطَاعًا فِي قَوْمِهِ؟

During reading: How did Hatim al-Ta'i earn his status as an obeyed leader among his people?

كَانَ بَحْرًا يَفِيضُ عَطَاؤُهُ، وَلَا يَغِيضُ سَخَاؤُهُ، لَا يَظْمَأُ وَارِدُهُ، وَلَا يُمْنَعُ سَائِلُهُ، وَكَانَ لَا يَنْتَظِرُ السَّائِلَ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُ، فَحِينَ يَشْتَدُّ الْقَحْطُ وَيَعِزُّ الْقِرَى فِي كَلْبِ الشِّتَاءِ، وَتَعْصِفُ الرِّيحُ الْبَارِدَةُ بِأَطْنَابِ الْخِيَامِ، وَيَزِيدُ الْبَرْدُ مِنْ شُعُورِ الْإِنْسَانِ بِالطَّوَى حَتَّى كَرَبَ يُقْضَى عَلَيْهِ، يُدْرِكُ حَاتِمٌ مَا يُقَاسِيهِ النَّاسُ، فَيُرْسِلُ إِلَيْهِمْ - دُونَ أَنْ يَسْأَلُوهُ - مَا يَدْفَعُ عَنْهُمْ عَادِيَةَ الْجُوعِ، وَيَأْمُرُ غُلَامَهُ أَنْ يُوقِدَ نَارًا فِي بِقَاعٍ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ، عَسَى السَّائِرُ لَيْلًا أَنْ يَهْتَدِيَ إِلَيْهَا:

He was like an ocean whose giving never ceased and whose generosity never ran dry. Those who came to him never went thirsty, and those who asked for his help were never turned away. He did not wait for the needy to come to him; when drought intensified and hospitality became scarce in the dead of winter, when cold winds battered the tent ropes and the biting chill drove people to the brink of starvation, Hatim would sense their suffering. He would send them aid without them even asking, shielding them from the onslaught of hunger. He would also order his servant to light a fire in the open country, hoping that a traveler in the night might find his way to it:

أَوْقِدْ فَإِنَّ اللَّيْلَ لَيْلٌ قَرُّ وَالرِّيحَ يَا مُوقِدُ رِيحٌ صِرُّ

Stoke the fire, for the night is bitter cold, and the wind, O stoker, is freezing.

عَسَى يَرَى نَارَكَ مَنْ يَمُرُّ إِنْ جَلَبْتَ ضَيْفًا فَأَنْتَ حُرُّ

Perhaps a passerby will see your fire; if you bring a guest, then you are a free man.

- مَا الْفَرْقُ فِي الْمَعْنَى بَيْنَ ( الطَّوَى وَالْمَسْغَبَةِ )؟

What is the difference in meaning between 'al-tawa' (hunger) and 'al-masghabah' (famine)?

( يَدْفَعُ عَنْهُمْ عَادِيَةَ الْجُوعِ) مَا الْجَمَالُ فِي هَذَا التَّعْبِيرِ؟

Regarding the phrase 'warding off the onslaught of hunger,' what is the aesthetic value of this expression?

كَانَ الْجُوعُ يَنْهَشُ الْأَمْعَاءَ، وَكَادَ الْفَقْرُ يَفْتِكُ بِالْبُسَطَاءِ فِي بِيئَةٍ صَحْرَاوِيَّةٍ قَاحِلَةٍ، وَظُرُوفٍ مُنَاخِيَّةٍ قَاسِيَةٍ، وَحُرُوبٍ وَنِزَاعَاتٍ مُسْتَمِرَّةٍ، فَقَدَرَ حَاتِمٌ عَلَى ذَلِكَ مَعْنَى الْإِنْسَانِيَّةِ، وَقَدَّمَ لِلسَّائِلِ وَغَيْرِ السَّائِلِ، الْقَرِيبِ وَالْبَعِيدِ، مَا يَحْفَظُ عَلَيْهِ حَيَاتَهُ، أَوْ يَسُدُّ رَمَقَهُ، أَوْ يَرْوِي عَلَقَهُ.

Hunger gnawed at the gut, and poverty threatened to destroy simple people living in a barren desert, facing harsh climates, constant wars, and conflict. Hatim understood the essence of humanity and offered everyone—seeker or not, near or far—the means to sustain their life, satisfy their hunger, or quench their thirst.

كَانَ حَاتِمُ الطَّائِيُّ نَمُوذَجًا يُقْتَدَى بِهِ فِي التَّكَافُلِ الِاجْتِمَاعِيِّ. دَلِّلْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ

Hatim al-Ta'i was a model of social solidarity. Provide evidence for this.

وَقَدْ هَجَرَتْهُ زَوْجَتُهُ مَاوِيَّةُ وَأَكْثَرَتْ زَوْجَتُهُ نَوَّارُ مِنْ لَوْمِهِ، وَأَطَالَتْ فِي عَذْلِهِ، وَرَأَتْ أَنَّ أَهْلَهُ وَعِيَالَهُ أَحَقُّ بِمَا يُعْطِيهِ النَّاسَ، وَهُنَا أَخَذَ حَاتِمٌ يَنْصَحُ زَوْجَتَهُ نَوَّارَ بِالْإِقْلَالِ مِنْ لَوْمِهِ، قَائِلًا لَهَا: مَهْلًا يَا نَوَّارُ، إِنَّ الْمَالَ الَّذِي أُبْقِيهِ سَيَأْخُذُهُ غَيْرِي إِذَا مُتُّ، وَلَنْ يَبْقَى لِي سِوَى سُوءُ الثَّنَاءِ.

His wife Mawiyah left him, and his wife al-Nawar criticized him incessantly, arguing that his family and children were more deserving of the wealth he gave away. Hatim began to counsel al-Nawar to stop her reproaches, saying, 'Slow down, Nawar. The wealth I keep will only be taken by others when I die, and I will be left with nothing but a bad reputation.'

تَبَايَنَ مَوْقِفُ كُلٍّ مِنْ حَاتِمِ الطَّائِيِّ وَزَوْجَتَيْهِ مَاوِيَّةَ وَنَوَّارَ فِي الْإِنْفَاقِ وَضِّحْ ذَلِكَ.

The attitudes of Hatim al-Ta'i and his two wives, Mawiyah and al-Nawar, differed regarding the spending of wealth. Explain this.

وَكَانَ حَاتِمٌ صَفُوحًا، يَغْفِرُ زَلَّاتِ قَوْمِهِ اسْتِبْقَاءً لِوُدِّهِمْ، وَحِفَاظًا عَلَى صَدَاقَاتِهِمْ، وَهُوَ فِي سَبِيلِ ذَلِكَ قَدْ شَقَّ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَكَلَّفَهَا فَوْقَ طَاقَتِهَا، وَلَكِنَّهُ يُدْرِكُ أَنَّ الْحِلْمَ كَفِيلٌ بِدَفْعِ أَذَاهُمْ، وَكَمْ مِنْ مَرَّةٍ صَكَّتْ سَمْعَهُ كَلِمَةٌ قَبِيحَةٌ مِنْ شَخْصٍ، فَأَعَارَهَا أُذُنًا صَمَّاءَ تَنْزِيهًا لِنَفْسِهِ وَتَكْرِيمًا لَهَا.

Hatim was forgiving, overlooking the faults of his people to maintain their affection and preserve their friendships. In doing so, he pushed himself beyond his limits, yet he knew that forbearance was the best way to deflect their harm. How often had a hateful word struck his ears, only for him to turn a deaf ear to it, out of self-respect and dignity.

اللُّغَةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ - الصَّفُّ الْأَوَّلُ الثَّانَوِيُّ

Arabic Language - First Year Secondary

أُمُّ الْقُرَى لِلطِّبَاعَةِ

Umm al-Qura Printing

Vocabulary · المفردات (45 verbs · 107 nouns)

• تَزَوَّجَ — to marry
• فَاضَ — to overflow
• غَاضَ — to decrease
• ظَمِئَ — to be thirsty
• مَنَعَ — to prevent
• اِنْتَظَرَ — to wait
• أَتَى — to come
• اِشْتَدَّ — to intensify
• عَزَّ — to be rare
• عَصَفَ — to blow
• زَادَ — to increase
• كَرَبَ — to distress
• قَضَى — to finish
• أَدْرَكَ — to realize
• قَاسَى — to suffer
• أَرْسَلَ — to send
• سَأَلَ — to ask
• دَفَعَ — to push
• أَمَرَ — to order
• أَوْقَدَ — to ignite
• هَدَى — to guide
• رَأَى — to see
• مَرَّ — to pass
• جَلَبَ — to bring
• نَهَشَ — to bite
• كَادَ — to be on the verge of
• فَتَكَ — to kill
• قَدَّرَ — to estimate
• قَدَّمَ — to offer
• حَفِظَ — to preserve
• سَدَّ — to satisfy
• رَوَى — to quench
• هَجَرَ — to abandon
• أَكْثَرَ — to do much
• أَطَالَ — to prolong
• أَخَذَ — to begin
• نَصَحَ — to advise
• أَبْقَى — to keep
• مَاتَ — to die
• بَقِيَ — to remain
• غَفَرَ — to forgive
• شَقَّ — to burden
• كَلَّفَ — to charge
• صَكَّ — to strike
• أَعَارَ — to lend
• وَحْدَة — unit
• قِيمَة — value
• شَاعِر — poet
• أَهْل — people
• فَارِس — knight
• جَوَاد — generous
• قَبِيلَة — tribe
• مَضْرِب — example
• مَثَل — proverb
• جُود — generosity
• كَرَم — generosity
• رَئِيس — leader
• قَوْم — people
• شَرِيف — noble
• مُعَاصِر — contemporary
• سَيِّد — master
• مَلِك — king
• عَصْر — era
• جَدّ — ancestor
• نَجِيب — noble
• بِنْت — daughter
• دِيوَان — collection
• شِعْر — poetry
• بَحْر — meter, sea
• عَطَاء — giving
• سَخَاء — generosity
• وَارِد — visitor
• سَائِل — beggar
• قَحْط — drought
• قِرَى — hospitality
• كَلْب — intensity
• شِتَاء — winter
• رِيح — wind
• أَطْنَاب — tent ropes
• خَيْمَة — tent
• بَرْد — cold
• شُعُور — feeling
• إِنْسَان — human
• طَوَى — hunger (especially severe or prolonged hunger)
• عَادِيَة — calamity, misfortune, disaster
• جُوع — hunger
• غُلَام — servant
• نَار — fire
• بِقَاع — places
• أَرْض — land
• سَائِر — traveler
• لَيْل — night
• قَرّ — to be cold
• صِرّ — cold
• ضَيْف — guest
• حُرّ — free man
• أَمْعَاء — intestines
• فَقْر — poverty
• بَسِيط — simple
• بِيئَة — environment
• صَحْرَاوِيّ — desert
• قَاحِل — arid
• ظُرُوف — circumstances
• مُنَاخِيّ — climatic
• حُرُوب — wars, battles, conflicts
• نِزَاعَات — conflicts
• مَعْنَى — meaning
• إِنْسَانِيَّة — humanity
• قَرِيب — relative
• بَعِيد — stranger
• حَيَاة — life
• رَمَق — sustenance
• عَلَق — thirst
• زَوْجَة — wife
• لَوْم — blame
• عَذْل — reproach
• عِيَال — family
• مَال — money
• ثَنَاء — praise
• صَفُوح — forgiving
• زَلَّة — mistake
• وُدّ — affection
• حِفَاظ — preservation
• صَدَاقَة — friendship
• سَبِيل — way
• نَفْس — self
• طَاقَة — capacity
• حِلْم — forbearance
• كَفِيل — enough
• أَذَى — harm
• مَرَّة — time
• سَمْع — hearing
• كَلِمَة — a word (grammatical term)
• قَبِيح — ugly
• شَخْص — person
• أُذُن — ear
• صَمَّاء — deaf (female)
• تَنْزِيه — exaltation
• تَكْرِيم — honoring
• بَارِدَة — cold
• قِرَاءَة — reading
• جَاهِلِيٌّ — pre-Islamic
• عَرَبِيَّة — Arabian
• إِنْفَاق — spending
• مُهَاب — respected (adj.)
• اسْتِبْقَاء — retention
• إِقْلَال — reduction; diminution
• أُولَى — first (feminine)
• نَمُوذَج — example
• مُسْتَمِرَّة — continuous
• مَسْغَبَة — famine
• مُطَاع — obeyed