Durus al-Balagha — First Lessons in Arabic Rhetoric (دروس البلاغة) — Page 63

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَعَطْفُ الْبَيَانِ يَكُونُ لِمُجَرَّدِ التَّوْضِيحِ، نَحْوَ: أَقْسَمَ بِاللَّهِ أَبُو حَفْصٍ عُمَرُ.

Explanatory apposition (atf al-bayan) is used merely for clarification, such as: Abu Hafs Umar swore by Allah.

أَوْ لِلتَّوْضِيحِ مَعَ الْمَدْحِ نَحْوَ: وَجَعَلَ اللَّهُ الْكَعْبَةَ الْبَيْتَ الْحَرَامَ قِيَامًا لِلنَّاسِ.

Or it is used for clarification combined with praise, such as: And Allah has made the Kaaba, the Sacred House, a standing for the people.

وَيَكْفِي فِي التَّوْضِيحِ أَنْ يُوَضِّحَ الثَّانِي الْأَوَّلَ عِنْدَ الِاجْتِمَاعِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَوْضَحَ مِنْهُ عِنْدَ الِانْفِرَادِ كَعَلِيٍّ زَيْنِ الْعَابِدِينَ وَالْعَسْجَدِ الذَّهَبِ.

For clarification, it is sufficient that the second term clarifies the first when they are joined, even if it is not clearer than it when standing alone, such as 'Ali Zayn al-Abidin' and 'al-asjad (the gold) al-dhahab'.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (10 verbs · 36 nouns)

• كَانَ — to be
• أَقْسَمَ — to swear
• جَعَلَ — to designate or appoint
• عَطْفٌ — conjunction
• بَيَانٌ — explanation
• مُجَرَّدٌ — mere