Durus al-Balagha — First Lessons in Arabic Rhetoric (دروس البلاغة) — Page 113

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

اعْتِمَاداً عَلَى فَهْمِ السَّامِعِ، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ لِتَسْكُنُوا فِيهِ وَلِتَبْتَغُواْ مِن فَضْلِهِ﴾، فَالسُّكُونُ رَاجِعٌ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ وَالِابْتِغَاءُ رَاجِعٌ إِلَى النَّهَارِ.

Relying on the listener's understanding, as in the Almighty's saying: 'He has made for you the night and the day that you may rest therein and seek of His bounty,' for resting refers to the night and seeking refers to the day.

وَكَقَوْلِ الشَّاعِرِ: ثَلَاثَةٌ تُشْرِقُ الدُّنْيَا بِبَهْجَتِهَا، شَمْسُ الضُّحَى وَأَبُو إِسْحَقَ وَالْقَمَرُ.

And as the poet says: 'Three things brighten the world with their splendor: the morning sun, Abu Ishaq, and the moon.'

إِرْسَالُ الْمَثَلِ، وَالْكَلَامُ الْجَامِعُ: هُوَ أَنْ يُؤْتَى بِكَلَامٍ صَالِحٍ لِأَنْ يُتَمَثَّلَ بِهِ فِي مَوَاطِنَ كَثِيرَةٍ، وَالْفَرْقُ بَيْنَهُمَا أَنَّ الْأَوَّلَ يَكُونُ بَعْضَ بَيْتٍ كَقَوْلِهِ: لَيْسَ النَّكَحُلُ فِي الْعَيْنَيْنِ كَالْكَحَلِ.

17- Proverbial expression and comprehensive speech: It is to provide speech suitable to be used as a proverb in many situations, and the difference between them is that the first is part of a verse, as in his saying: 'The application of kohl to the eyes is not like natural kohl.'

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Vocabulary · المفردات (15 verbs · 41 nouns)

• اعْتَمَدَ — to rely
• جَعَلَ — to make
• سَكَنَ — to rest
• اعْتِمَادٌ — reliance
• فَهْمٌ — understanding
• سَامِعٌ — listener