Durus al-Balagha — First Lessons in Arabic Rhetoric (دروس البلاغة) — Page 110

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الغَضَا: شَجَرٌ بِالبَادِيَةِ وَضَمِيرُ سَاكِنِيهِ، يَعُودُ إِلَيْهِ بِمَعْنَى مَكَانِهِ، وَضَمِيرُ شَبْوِهِ يَعُودُ إِلَيْهِ بِمَعْنَى نَارِهِ.

Al-Ghada: A tree in the desert, and the pronoun of its inhabitants refers to it in the sense of its location, and the pronoun of its kindling refers to it in the sense of its fire.

الِاسْتِطْرَادُ: هُوَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ المُتَكَلِّمُ مِنَ الغَرَضِ الَّذِي هُوَ فِيهِ إِلَى آخَرَ لِمُنَاسَبَةٍ، ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى تَتْمِيمِ الأَوَّلِ، كَقَوْلِ السَّمَوْأَلِ: وَإِنَّا أُنَاسٌ لَا نَرَى القَتْلَ سُبَّةً، إِذَا مَا رَأَتْهُ عَامِرٌ وَسَلُولُ.

Digression (al-istitrad): It is for the speaker to depart from the subject they are in to another for a reason, then return to complete the first, as in the saying of Al-Samaw'al: 'We are a people who do not see killing as a disgrace, when Amir and Salul see it as such.'

يُقَرِّبُ حُبُّ المَوْتِ آجَالَنَا لَنَا، وَتَكْرَهُهُ آجَالُهُمْ فَتَطُولُ.

The love of death brings our appointed times closer to us, while their appointed times hate it, so they are prolonged.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (16 verbs · 48 nouns)

• عَادَ — to return
• خَرَجَ — to exit
• رَجَعَ — to return
• غَضَا — Ghada tree
• شَجَرٌ — tree
• بَادِيَةٌ — desert