Durus al-Balagha — First Lessons in Arabic Rhetoric (دروس البلاغة) — Page 100

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

فَلَيْسَ الْغَرَضُ مِنْ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ الْإِخْبَارُ، بَلْ إِظْهَارُ التَّحَزُّنِ، وَالتَّحَسُّرِ.

The purpose of this verse is not to inform, but rather to express sorrow and regret.

وَإِنْ كَانَتْ عَلَاقَتُهُ الْمُشَابَهَةَ سُمِّيَ اسْتِعَارَةً تَمْثِيلِيَّةً، كَمَا يُقَالُ لِلْمُتَرَدِّدِ فِي أَمْرٍ: أَرَاكَ تُقَدِّمُ رِجْلًا وَتُؤَخِّرُ أُخْرَى.

If its relationship is one of resemblance, it is called a representative metaphor, as when one says to someone hesitant about a matter: 'I see you putting one foot forward and pulling another back.'

الْمَجَازُ الْعَقْلِيُّ: هُوَ إِسْنَادُ الْفِعْلِ أَوْ مَا فِي مَعْنَاهُ إِلَى غَيْرِ مَا هُوَ لَهُ عِنْدَ الْمُتَكَلِّمِ فِي الظَّاهِرِ؛ لِعَلَاقَةٍ، نَحْوَ قَوْلِهِ: أَشَابَ الصَّغِيرَ وَأَفْنَى الْكَبِيرَ * كَرُّ الْغَدَاةِ وَمَرُّ الْعَشِيِّ.

Intellectual metaphor is the attribution of a verb, or what carries its meaning, to something other than what it belongs to in the speaker's apparent view, due to a relationship, such as his saying: 'The return of the morning and the passing of the evening have turned the young gray and annihilated the old.'

…4 more translated lines, 13 more verbs and 48 more nouns on this page — subscribe to study every page.

Vocabulary · المفردات (16 verbs · 51 nouns)

• كَانَ — to be
• سَمَّى — to name
• قَالَ — to say
• غَرَضٌ — purpose
• بَيْتٌ — house
• إِخْبَارٌ — informing