Al-Qawl al-Mufid ala Kitab al-Tawhid — Volume 3 (القول المفيد على كتاب التوحيد) — Page 223

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَعَنْ سَلْمَانَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ : «ثَلَاثَةٌ لَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللَّهُ وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ : أَشَيْطٌ زَانٍ ، وَعَائِلٌ مُسْتَكْبِرٌ ، وَرَجُلٌ جَعَلَ اللَّهَ بِضَاعَتَهُ لَا يَشْتَرِي إِلَّا بِيَمِينِهِ وَلَا يَبِيعُ إِلَّا بِيَمِينِهِ»(١) رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ بِسَنَدٍ صَحِيحٍ

On the authority of Salman, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 'There are three whom Allah will not speak to, nor will He purify them, and for them is a painful punishment: an old man who commits adultery, a poor man who is arrogant, and a man who makes Allah his merchandise; he does not buy except by swearing by Him, and he does not sell except by swearing by Him.' (1) Narrated by Al-Tabarani with a sound chain of narration.

قَوْلُهُ : «ثَلَاثَةٌ» : مُبْتَدَأٌ، وَسَوَّغَ الِابْتِدَاءَ بِهَا أَنَّهَا أَفَادَتِ التَّقْسِيمَ

His saying: 'Three' is a subject (mubtada'), and what permitted starting with it is that it provided a classification.

قَوْلُهُ : «لَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللَّهُ» : التَّكْلِيمُ : هُوَ إِسْمَاعُ الْقَوْلِ، وَأَمَّا مَا يُقَدِّرُهُ الْإِنْسَانُ فِي نَفْسِهِ فَلَا يُسَمَّى كَلَامًا عَلَى سَبِيلِ الْإِطْلَاقِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ يُسَمَّى قَوْلًا بِالتَّقْيِيدِ بِالنَّفْسِ، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ﴿وَيَقُولُونَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ لَوْلَا يُعَذِّبُنَا اللَّهُ﴾ (٢) وَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ـ فِي قِصَّةِ السَّقِيفَةِ ـ زَوَّرْتُ فِي نَفْسِي كَلَامًا (٣) أَيْ قَدَّرْتُهُ

His saying: 'Allah will not speak to them': Speaking is the act of making speech heard. As for what a person contemplates within himself, it is not called speech in the absolute sense, even if it is called 'saying' when qualified by the self, as in His saying, the Exalted: 'And they say within themselves, why does Allah not punish us?' (2) And Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said—in the story of the Saqifah—'I fashioned speech in my mind' (3), meaning I contemplated it.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (22 verbs · 44 nouns)

• كَلَّمَ — to speak to
• زَكَّى — to purify
• جَعَلَ — to make
• رَسُولٌ — messenger
• عَذَابٌ — punishment
• أَشَيْمِطٌ — old man (diminutive)