Al-Qawl al-Mufid ala Kitab al-Tawhid — Volume 3 (القول المفيد على كتاب التوحيد) — Page 220

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

لَا تَلْزَمُكَ وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ كَمَا لَوْ حَلَفْتَ عَلَى مَاضٍ، مِثَالُهُ: قُلْتُ: وَاللَّهِ لَيَقْدَمَنَّ زَيْدٌ غَدًا بِنَاءً عَلَى ظَنِّكَ فَلَمْ يَقْدَمْ فَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّهُ لَا كَفَّارَةَ عَلَيْكَ، لِأَنَّكَ حَلَفْتَ عَلَى مَا فِي قَلْبِكَ وَهُوَ حَاصِلٌ، كَأَنَّكَ تَقُولُ: وَاللَّهِ إِنَّ هَذَا هُوَ ظَنِّي.

You are not held to it, which is the correct view, just as if you had sworn regarding a past event. For example, if you say, "By Allah, Zayd will arrive tomorrow," based on your assumption, but he fails to arrive, you are not required to offer expiation. You swore based on what was in your heart, which was true at the time—it is as if you were saying, "By Allah, this is what I believe."

إِذَنْ قَوْلُهُ: «وَاحْفَظُوا أَيْمَانَكُمْ»: بَعْدَ أَنْ ذَكَرَ الْيَمِينَ وَالْكَفَّارَةَ وَالْحِنْثَ فَمَا الْمُرَادُ بِحِفْظِ الْيَمِينِ هَلْ هُوَ الِابْتِدَاءُ أَوِ الِانْتِهَاءُ أَوِ الْوَسَطُ؟

Consider the command, "Guard your oaths." Since this follows the mention of oaths, expiation, and breaking an oath, what does guarding an oath actually entail? Does it refer to the beginning, the end, or the middle of the process?

أَيْ: هَلِ الْمُرَادُ لَا تُكْثِرُوا الْحَلِفَ بِاللَّهِ؟ أَوِ الْمُرَادُ إِذَا حَلَفْتُمْ فَلَا تَحْنَثُوا؟ أَوِ الْمُرَادُ إِذَا حَلَفْتُمْ فَحَنِثْتُمْ فَلَا تَتْرُكُوا الْكَفَّارَةَ؟

Does it mean you should avoid swearing by Allah too frequently? Does it mean that if you do swear, you must not break your word? Or does it mean that if you break an oath, you must not neglect the required expiation?

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Vocabulary · المفردات (18 verbs · 33 nouns)

• لَزِمَ — to be binding
• حَلَفَ — to swear
• قَالَ — to say
• صَحِيحٌ — correctness
• مَاضٍ — past
• مِثَالٌ — an example