Al-Qawl al-Mufid ala Kitab al-Tawhid — Volume 3 (القول المفيد على كتاب التوحيد) — Page 10

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

فِيهِ مَسَائِلُ: الْأُولَى: النَّهْيُ عَنِ التَّسَمِّي بِمَلِكِ الْأَمْلَاكِ.

It contains issues: First: The prohibition against naming oneself 'King of Kings'.

الثَّانِيَةُ: أَنَّ مَا فِي مَعْنَاهُ مِثْلُهُ كَمَا قَالَ سُفْيَانُ.

Second: That which carries the same meaning is like it, as Sufyan said.

الثَّالِثَةُ: التَّفَطُّنُ لِلتَّغْلِيظِ فِي هَذَا وَنَحْوِهِ مَعَ الْقَطْعِ بِأَنَّ الْقَلْبَ لَمْ يَقْصِدْ مَعْنَاهُ.

Third: Realizing the severity of this and similar matters, even while being certain that the heart did not intend its meaning.

الرَّابِعَةُ: التَّفَطُّنُ أَنَّ هَذَا لِأَجْلِ اللَّهِ سُبْحَانَهُ.

Fourth: Realizing that this is for the sake of Allah, Glorified be He.

فِيهِ مَسَائِلُ: الْأُولَى: النَّهْيُ عَنِ التَّسَمِّي بِمَلِكِ الْأَمْلَاكِ: وَتُؤْخَذُ مِنْ قَوْلِ الرَّسُولِ: «إِنَّ أَخْنَعَ اسْمٍ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - رَجُلٌ تَسَمَّى مَلِكِ الْأَمْلَاكِ»، وَالْمُؤَلِّفُ يَقُولُ: النَّهْيُ عَنِ التَّسَمِّي.

It contains issues: First: The prohibition against naming oneself 'King of Kings': This is derived from the saying of the Messenger: 'The most despicable name in the sight of Allah, the Almighty and Majestic, is a man who names himself King of Kings,' and the author says: The prohibition against naming oneself.

وَالنَّهْيُ شَرْعًا لَا يُسْتَفَادُ مِنَ الصِّيغَةِ الْمُعَيَّنَةِ الْمَعْرُوفَةِ بَلْ إِذَا وَرَدَ الذَّمُّ فِيهِ، أَوْ سُبَّ فَاعِلُهُ، أَوْ مَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّهُ يُفِيدُ النَّهْيَ، وَصِيغَةُ النَّهْيِ هِيَ الْمُضَارِعُ الْمَقْرُونُ بِـ (لَا) النَّاهِيَةِ مِثْلُ: لَا تَفْعَلْ وَلَكِنْ إِذَا كَانَ هُنَاكَ ذَمٌّ أَوْ وَعِيدٌ أَوْ مَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ مُتَضَمِّنٌ لِلنَّهْيِ وَزِيَادَةٍ.

In Islamic law, a prohibition is not only derived from the specific, well-known grammatical form; rather, if condemnation is mentioned regarding it, or its doer is reviled, or something similar, it implies a prohibition. The grammatical form of prohibition is the present tense verb coupled with the prohibitive 'la' (do not), such as: 'Do not do.' However, if there is condemnation, a threat, or something similar, it includes the prohibition and more.

الثَّانِيَةُ: أَنَّ مَا فِي مَعْنَاهُ مِثْلُهُ كَمَا قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: وَالَّذِي مِثْلُهُ: قَاضِي الْقُضَاةِ، وَحَاكِمُ الْحُكَّامِ وَشَاهَانْ شَاه فِي الْفَارِسِيَّةِ.

Second: That which carries the same meaning is like it, as Sufyan said: And that which is like it includes: 'Judge of Judges,' 'Ruler of Rulers,' and 'Shahanshah' in Persian.

الثَّالِثَةُ: التَّفَطُّنُ لِلتَّغْلِيظِ فِي هَذَا، وَنَحْوِهِ، مَعَ الْقَطْعِ بِأَنَّ الْقَلْبَ لَمْ يَقْصِدْ مَعْنَاهُ.

Third: Realizing the severity of this and similar matters, even while being certain that the heart did not intend its meaning.

أَيْ: إِذَا سَمَّيْنَا شَخْصًا بِقَاضِي الْقُضَاةِ، أَوْ حَاكِمِ الْحُكَّامِ وَهُوَ لَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ، بَلْ هُوَ مِنْ أَجْهَلِ الْقُضَاةِ، وَمِنْ أَضْعَفِ الْحُكَّامِ جَمَعْنَا بَيْنَ أَمْرَيْنِ بَيْنَ الْكَذِبِ وَالْوُقُوعِ فِي اللَّفْظِ الْمَنْهِيِّ عَنْهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ صِدْقًا، وَصَحِيحٌ أَنَّ هَذَا الرَّجُلَ إِذَا كَانَ أَعْلَمَ أَهْلِ زَمَانِهِ، أَوْ أَعْلَمَ أَهْلِ مَكَانِهِ وَيَرْجِعُ الْقُضَاةُ إِلَيْهِ فَهَذَا وَإِنْ كَانَ مُطَابِقًا لِلْوَاقِعِ لَكِنَّهُ وَاقِعٌ فِي الْمَنْهِيِّ عَنْهُ هَذَا مَعَ أَنَّ الْقَلْبَ لَمْ يَقْصِدْ مَعْنَاهُ.

Meaning: If we name a person 'Judge of Judges' or 'Ruler of Rulers' while he is not that—rather, he is among the most ignorant of judges and the weakest of rulers—we have combined two things: lying and falling into the prohibited expression. Even if it were true, and it is correct that this man is the most knowledgeable of the people of his time or the most knowledgeable of the people of his place, and judges refer back to him, then even if this corresponds to reality, he has still fallen into what is prohibited, even though the heart did not intend its meaning.

الرَّابِعَةُ: التَّفَطُّنُ أَنَّ هَذَا لِأَجْلِ اللَّهِ سُبْحَانَهُ.

Fourth: Realizing that this is for the sake of Allah, Glorified be He.

Vocabulary · المفردات (17 verbs · 34 nouns)

• أَخَذَ — to derive/deduce
• قَالَ — to say
• تَسَمَّى — to name oneself
• فَطِنَ — to realize
• قَصَدَ — to intend
• وَرَدَ — to arrive
• سَبَّ — to insult
• أَشْبَهَ — to resemble
• أَفَادَ — to benefit
• فَعَلَ — to do
• كَانَ — to be
• تَضَمَّنَ — to include
• سَمَّى — to name
• جَمَعَ — to gather
• رَجَعَ — to return
• طَابَقَ — to match
• وَقَعَ — to fall
• مَسْأَلَةٌ — issue
• مَلِكٌ — king
• أَمْلَاكٌ — possessions
• مَعْنًى — meaning
• مِثْلٌ — likeness
• تَفَطُّنٌ — realization
• تَغْلِيظٌ — intensification
• قَطْعٌ — certainty
• قَلْبٌ — heart
• أَجْلٌ — sake
• رَسُولٌ — messenger
• اسْمٌ — name
• رَجُلٌ — man
• مُؤَلِّفٌ — author
• شَرْعٌ — law
• صِيغَةٌ — form
• ذَمٌّ — blame
• فَاعِلٌ — doer
• مُضَارِعٌ — present tense
• وَعِيدٌ — threat
• زِيَادَةٌ — addition
• قَاضٍ — judge
• قُضَاةٌ — judges
• حَاكِمٌ — ruler
• حُكَّامٌ — rulers
• شَاه — shah
• فَارِسِيَّةٌ — Persian
• شَخْصٌ — person
• كَذِبٌ — lie
• لَفْظٌ — word
• صِدْقٌ — truth
• أَهْلٌ — people
• زَمَانٌ — time
• مَكَانٌ — place