Al-Qawl al-Mufid ala Kitab al-Tawhid — Volume 2 (القول المفيد على كتاب التوحيد) — Page 345

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَالرُّوحُ عَلَى الرَّاجِحِ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ ذَاتٌ لَطِيفَةٌ تَدْخُلُ الْجِسْمَ وَتَحِلُّ فِيهِ كَمَا يَحِلُّ الْمَاءُ فِي الطِّينِ الْيَابِسِ، وَلِهَذَا يَقْبِضُهَا الْمَلَكُ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَتُكَفَّنُ وَيَصْعَدُ بِهَا وَيَرَاهَا الْإِنْسَانُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ، فَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّهَا ذَاتٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ يَقُولُ إِنَّهَا صِفَةٌ وَلَكِنَّهُ لَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ، وَالْحَيَاةُ صَحِيحٌ أَنَّهَا صِفَةٌ لَكِنَّ الرُّوحَ ذَاتٌ،

According to the most correct view among the People of the Sunnah, the soul is a subtle entity that enters the body and dwells within it just as water dwells in dry clay; for this reason, the angel seizes it at the time of death, it is shrouded, he ascends with it, and the human sees it at the time of his death, so the correct view is that it is an entity, even if some people say it is an attribute, but it is not so; life is correctly an attribute, but the soul is an entity.

إِذَا نَقُولُ لِهَؤُلَاءِ النَّصَارَى إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَضَافَ رُوحَ عِيسَى إِلَيْهِ كَمَا أَضَافَ الْبَيْتَ وَالنَّاقَةَ إِلَيْهِ وَمَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى سَبِيلِ التَّشْرِيفِ وَالتَّعْظِيمِ، وَلَا شَكَّ أَنَّ الْمُضَافَ إِلَى اللَّهِ يَكْتَسِبُ شَرَفًا وَعَظَمَةً حَتَّى إِنَّ بَعْضَ الشُّعَرَاءِ يَقُولُ فِي مَعْشُوقَتِهِ: لَا تَدْعَنِي إِلَّا بِـيَا عَبْدَهَا فَإِنَّهُ أَشْرَفُ أَسْمَائِي.

Thus, we say to these Christians that Allah attributed the soul of Jesus to Himself just as He attributed the House and the She-Camel to Himself and the like, by way of honor and glorification; there is no doubt that what is attributed to Allah acquires honor and greatness, to the extent that some poets say regarding his beloved: 'Do not call me anything but "O her slave," for it is the most honorable of my names.'

قَوْلُهُ: «فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحْتُ أَخْبَرْتُ بِهَا مَنْ أَخْبَرْتُ»: الْمَقْصُودُ بِهَذِهِ الْعِبَارَةِ الْإِبْهَامُ كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: فَغَشِيَهُمْ مِنَ الْيَمِّ مَا غَشِيَهُمْ، وَالْإِبْهَامُ قَدْ يَكُونُ لِلتَّعْظِيمِ كَمَا فِي الْآيَةِ الْمَذْكُورَةِ، وَقَدْ يَكُونُ لِلتَّحْقِيرِ حَسَبَ السِّيَاقِ، وَقَدْ يُرَادُ بِهِ مَعْنًى آخَرُ.

His saying: 'So when I reached the morning, I informed those whom I informed about it': The intent of this phrase is ambiguity, like the saying of the Almighty: 'Then there covered them from the sea that which covered them,' and ambiguity may be for glorification as in the mentioned verse, or it may be for belittlement depending on the context, and another meaning may be intended by it.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (23 verbs · 58 nouns)

• دَخَلَ — to enter
• حَلَّ — to settle
• قَبَضَ — to seize
• رُوح — soul
• رَاجِح — preponderant
• أَهْل — people