Al-Qawl al-Mufid ala Kitab al-Tawhid — Volume 2 (القول المفيد على كتاب التوحيد) — Page 320

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فِي الْآيَةِ: «الْأَنْدَادُ هُوَ الشِّرْكُ أَخْفَى مِنْ دَبِيبِ النَّمْلِ عَلَى صَفَاةٍ سَوْدَاءَ فِي ظُلْمَةِ اللَّيْلِ، وَهُوَ أَنْ تَقُولَ: وَاللَّهِ وَحَيَاتِكَ يَا فُلَانُ، وَحَيَاتِي، تَقُولُ لَوْلَا كُلَيْبَةُ هَذَا لَأَتَانَا اللُّصُوصُ، وَلَوْلَا الْبَطُّ فِي الدَّارِ لَأَتَى اللُّصُوصُ، وَقَوْلُ الرَّجُلِ لِصَاحِبِهِ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَشِئْتَ وَقَوْلُ الرَّجُلِ: لَوْلَا اللَّهُ وَفُلَانٌ لَا تَجْعَلْ فِيهَا فُلَانًا هَذَا كُلُّهُ بِهِ شِرْكٌ» رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ.

Ibn Abbas said regarding the verse: 'The rivals (al-andad) is shirk, more hidden than the crawling of an ant on a black rock in the darkness of the night; it is for you to say: By Allah and by your life, O so-and-so, and by my life; or to say: Had it not been for this little dog, the thieves would have come to us, or had it not been for the duck in the house, the thieves would have come; or a man saying to his companion: What Allah wills and you will; or a man saying: Were it not for Allah and so-and-so—do not include so-and-so in it—all of this is shirk.' It was narrated by Ibn Abi Hatim.

الْجُمْلَةُ فِي مَوْضِعِ نَصْبٍ حَالٌ مِنْ فَاعِلِ «تَجْعَلُونَ» أَيْ وَالْحَالُ أَنَّكُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ وَالْمَعْنَى وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ لَا أَنْدَادَ لَهُ يَعْنِي فِي الرُّبُوبِيَّةِ؛ لِأَنَّ هَذَا مَحَطُّ التَّقْبِيحِ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ أَنَّهُمْ يَجْعَلُونَ لَهُ أَنْدَادًا وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ لَا أَنْدَادَ لَهُ فِي الرُّبُوبِيَّةِ، أَمَّا فِي الْأُلُوهِيَّةِ فَيَجْعَلُونَ لَهُ أَنْدَادًا قَالُوا لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَجَعَلَ الْآلِهَةَ إِلَهًا وَاحِدًا إِنَّ هَذَا لَشَيْءٌ عُجَابٌ، وَيَقُولُونَ فِي تَلْبِيَتِهِمْ: «لَبَّيْكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ إِلَّا شَرِيكًا هُوَ لَكَ تَمْلِكُهُ وَمَا مَلَكَ».

The clause is in the accusative position as a circumstantial qualifier (hal) from the subject of 'you set up' (taj'alun), meaning: while you know. The meaning is: while you know that He has no rivals, meaning in Lordship (rububiyyah); because this is the point of condemnation for these people, that they set up rivals for Him while they know that He has no rivals in Lordship. As for Divinity (uluhiyyah), they do set up rivals for Him; they said to the Prophet (peace be upon him): 'Has he made the gods into one God? Indeed, this is a strange thing.' And they say in their talbiyah: 'Here I am, You have no partner, except a partner who is Yours; You possess him and all that he possesses.'

وَهَذَا مِنْ سَفَهِهِمْ فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا صَارَ مَمْلُوكًا فَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ شَرِيكًا، وَلَهَذَا نَفَى اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ عُقُولَهُمْ فِي قَوْلِهِ: فَلَا تَجْعَلُوا لِلَّهِ أَنْدَادًا وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ إِذِ الْأَنْدَادُ بِالْمَعْنَى الْعَامِّ - بِقَطْعِ النَّظَرِ عَنْ كَوْنِهِ يُخَاطِبُ أَقْوَامًا يُقِرُّونَ بِالرُّبُوبِيَّةِ - يَشْمَلُ الْأَنْدَادَ فِي الرُّبُوبِيَّةِ، وَالْأُلُوهِيَّةِ، وَالْأَسْمَاءِ وَالصِّفَاتِ.

This is part of their foolishness, for if he becomes a possessed subject, how can he be a partner? For this reason, Allah denied them their intellects in His saying: 'So do not set up rivals for Allah while you know,' since 'rivals' in the general sense—regardless of the fact that it addresses peoples who acknowledge Lordship—includes rivals in Lordship, Divinity, and the Names and Attributes.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (15 verbs · 49 nouns)

• قَالَ — to say
• دَبَّ — to creep
• أَتَى — to come
• آيَةٌ — verse
• نِدٌّ — equal
• شِرْكٌ — polytheism