Al-Balagha al-Wadiha by al-Jarim & Amin (البلاغة الواضحة) — Page 311

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

فِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّانِي صِفَةٌ لَا تَتَعَدَّى الْمَوْلَى عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِلَى سِوَاهُ، وَيُسَمَّى الْقَصْرُ فِي هَذَيْنِ الْمِثَالَيْنِ قَصْراً حَقِيقِيّاً، وَكَذَلِكَ كُلُّ قَصْرٍ يَخْتَصُّ فِيهِ الْمَقْصُورُ بِالْمَقْصُورِ عَلَيْهِ اخْتِصَاصاً مَنْظُوراً فِيهِ إِلَى الْحَقِيقَةِ وَالْوَاقِعِ بِأَلَّا يَتَعَدَّاهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ أَصْلاً.

In the second example, there is an attribute that does not extend from the Lord, Mighty and Majestic is He, to anyone else, and restriction in these two examples is called 'true restriction,' as is every restriction in which the restricted is confined to the restricted-to in a manner that considers the truth and reality, such that it does not extend to anything else at all.

انْظُرْ إِلَى الْمِثَالَيْنِ الْأَخِيرَيْنِ تَجِدُ الْقَصْرَ فِي أَوَّلِهِمَا مِنْ بَابِ قَصْرِ الصِّفَةِ عَلَى الْمَوْصُوفِ، وَفِي ثَانِيهِمَا مِنْ بَابِ قَصْرِ الْمَوْصُوفِ عَلَى الصِّفَةِ، وَإِذَا تَدَبَّرْتَ الْمَقْصُورَ فِي كُلٍّ مِنْهُمَا وَجَدْتَهُ مُخْتَصّاً بِالْمَقْصُورِ عَلَيْهِ بِالْإِضَافَةِ أَيْ بِالنِّسْبَةِ إِلَى شَيْءٍ مُعَيَّنٍ، لَا إِلَى جَمِيعِ مَا عَدَاهُ؛

Look at the last two examples, and you will find the restriction in the first of them is of the category of restricting an attribute to the described, and in the second of them is of the category of restricting the described to an attribute, and if you contemplate the restricted in each of them, you will find it confined to the restricted-to relatively, that is, in relation to a specific thing, not to everything else.

فَإِنَّ الْمُتَكَلِّمَ فِي الْمِثَالِ الْأَوَّلِ يَقْصِدُ أَنْ يَقْصُرَ صِفَةَ الْجُودِ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ بِالنِّسْبَةِ إِلَى شَخْصٍ آخَرَ مُعَيَّنٍ كَخَالِدٍ مَثَلاً، وَلَيْسَ مِنْ قَصْدِهِ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الصِّفَةَ لَا تُوجَدُ فِي غَيْرِ عَلِيٍّ مِنْ جَمِيعِ أَفْرَادِ الْإِنْسَانِ، فَإِنَّ الْوَاقِعَ خِلَافُ ذَلِكَ، وَكَذَلِكَ الْحَالُ فِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّانِي، وَلِذَلِكَ يُسَمَّى الْقَصْرُ فِي الْمِثَالَيْنِ قَصْراً إِضَافِيّاً، وَكَذَلِكَ كُلُّ قَصْرٍ يَكُونُ التَّخَصُّصُ فِيهِ بِالْإِضَافَةِ إِلَى شَيْءٍ آخَرَ.

For the speaker in the first example intends to restrict the attribute of generosity to Ali in relation to another specific person, such as Khalid for instance, and it is not his intention that this attribute does not exist in anyone other than Ali among all human beings, for the reality is the opposite of that, and the same is the case in the second example; therefore, the restriction in the two examples is called 'relative restriction,' as is every restriction in which the confinement is relative to something else.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (26 verbs · 42 nouns)

• تَعَدَّى — to go beyond
• عَزَّ — to be mighty
• سَمَّى — to name
• مِثَالٌ — an example
• صِفَةٌ — attribute
• مَوْلًى — master