Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

سَوْءٌ ذ is an inf. n. of سَاآءَ, (Lth, S, M, K,) intrans., (Lth, M,) and trans.: (S, M, K:) and is also used as an epithet, applied to a man, (M, Msb, and Ham p. 712,) and to an action. (Msb.) You say رَجُلُ سَوْءٍ (S, M, Msb, K) [ A man of evil nature or doings; or] a man who does what is evil, displeasing, grievous, or vexatious: (M, TA:) and رَجُلُ السَّوْءِ [ the man of evil nature or doings &c.]: (S, K:) and ذِئْبُ السَّوْءِ [ the wolf of evil nature &c.], as in a verse cited voce أَحَالَ, in art. حول: (S:) and عَمَلُ سَوْءٍ [ a deed of evil nature ]: (M, Msb:) and عَمَلُ السَّوْءِ [ the deed of evil nature ]: (Ham p. 498:) and نَعْتُ سَوْءٍ [ an epithet of evil nature ]: (O and K in art. سحق:) and سَعْفُ سَوْءٍ a bad commodity: (O and TA in art. سعف:) and if you make the former word determinate [by means of the article ال], you use the latter as an epithet [also], (M, * Msb, and Ham, p. 712, *) and you say الرَّجُلُ السَّوْءُ [ the evil man, or the man who does what is evil &c.]: (Msb, and Ham p. 712:) and العَمَلُ السَّوْءُ [ the evil deed ]: (Msb:) [this last phrase I hold to be correct, regarding السَّوْءُ in this case as originally an inf. n. of the intrans. verb سَاآءَ, and therefore capable of being used as an epithet applied to anything; though] IB says that السَّوْءُ used as an epithet is applied to a man but not to a deed: (TA:) [in what here follows from the S, denying the correctness of another phrase mentioned above on the authority of lexicologists of high repute, there is, in my opinion, an obvious mistranscription, twice occurring, السَّوْءُ for السُّوْءُ, which I suppose to have passed from an early copy of that work into most other copies thereof, for I find it alike in all to which I have had access:] Akh says, one should not say الرَّجُلُ السَّوْءُ, though one says الحَقُّ اليَقِينُ as well as حَقُّ اليَقِينِ; for السَّوْءُ is not the same as الرَّجُلُ, but اليَقِينُ is the same as الحَقُّ: he says, also, nor should one say, هٰذَا رَجُلُ السُّوْءِ with damm: (S:) [here the expres- sion “ with damm ” may perhaps be meant to refer to السوء in all of the three instances above; not in the last only:] IB says, [in remarking on this passage of the S, in which he appears to have read السُّوْء, with damm, in all of the three instances,] Akh allows one's saying رَجُلُ السَّوْءِ and رَجُلُ سَوْءٍ, with fet-h to the س in both; but not رَجُلُ السُّوْءِ, with damm to the س, because السُّوْءُ is a subst., meaning “ harm, injury, hurt, mischief, or damage, ” and “ evilness of state or condition; ” and رَجُل is prefixed, as governing a gen. case, only to the inf. n.: and he adds that one says, هٰذَا الرَّجُلُ السَّوْءُ, not prefixing [the former noun to the latter, but using the latter as an epithet]. (TA.) ― -b2- See also the next paragraph, in six places.

سُوْءٌ ذ is the subst. from سَاآءَهُ; (S, M, * K;) [so, app., accord. to the generality of the lexicologists;] or inf. n. (Ksh and Bd in ii. 46) of سَيِّئٌ, (Ksh ibid.,) or of سَاآءَ, aor. يَسُوْءُ, (Bd ibid.,) or of سَاآءَهُ [q. v.]; (TA;) signifying Evilness, badness, abominableness, foulness, or unseemliness; [and displeasingness, grievousness, or vexatiousness; ] as, for instance, of natural disposition, and of doings: (Ksh ubi suprà:) vitious, immoral, unrighteous, sinful, or wicked, conduct: [hence, رَمَاهُ بِسُوْءٍ: see art. رمي:] anything disapproved, or disallowed; or regarded as evil, bad, abominable, foul, or unseemly: (S, TA:) [ an evil action or event: ] evilness of state or condition: harm, injury, hurt, mischief, or damage: (IB, TA:) anything that is mentioned as being سَيِّئ [i. e. evil, &c.]: (Lth, TA:) any evil, evil affection, cause of mischief or harm or injury, noxious or destructive thing, calamity, disease, or malady: (M, K, TA:) [pl. أَسْوَاآءٌ, accord. to a general rule.] The saying مَا أُنْكِرُكَ مِنْ سُوْءٍ means I do not disacknowledge thee in consequence of سُوْء [i. e. evilness, &c.,] that I have seen in thee, but only in consequence of my little knowledge of thee. (S.) لِنَصْرِفَ عَنْهُ السُّوْءَ وَالفَحْشَاآءَ, in the Kur [xii. 24], is said by Zj to mean, [ In order that we might turn away from him ] unfaithfulness to his master, and adultery. (M, TA.) And سُوْءُ الحِسَابِ, in the Kur [xiii. 18, i. e. The evilness of the reckoning ], is expl. by him as meaning a reckoning in which no good work will be accepted, and no evil work passed over; because infidelity will have made the former to be of no avail: or, as some say, it means a reckoning pursued to the utmost extent, in which no evil work will be passed over. (M, TA.) لَا خَيْرَ فِى قَوْلِ السُّوْءِ means There is no good in thy saying سُوْء [i. e. a thing that is evil; قول being here used in its original sense of an inf. n.]: but if you say ↓ السَّوْء, [you use قول in the sense of مَقُول, and] the meaning is, in evil speech. (TA as from the K, but not in the CK nor in my MS. copy of the K.) سُوْءٌ accord. to one reading, and ↓ سَوْءٌ accord. to another, (K, TA, [but all that is given in this sentence as from the K is so given only on the authority of the TA, not being in the CK nor in my MS. copy of the K]) the latter of which readings is the more common, (TA,) in the phrase دَائِرَةُ السّوء, (K, TA,) in the Kur [ix. 99 and xlviii. 6], (TA,) mean Defeat, and evil; (K, TA;) and trial, or affliction, and torment; (TA;) and perdition, and destruction, or corruption: (K, TA:) and in like manner in the saying, أُمْطِرَتْ مَطَرَ السّوءِ, (K, TA,) in the Kur [xxv. 42]: (TA:) or السُّوْء means harm, injury, hurt, mischief, or damage; and evilness of state or condition; [as expl. before;] and ↓ السَّوْء, corruption, or destruction, or perdition: (K, * TA:) or السُّوْء in the phrase دَائِرَةُ السُّوْءِ means defeat and evil; and the reading ↓ السَّوْء is from [i. e. syn. with ] المَسَاآءَة [as inf. n.]. (S. [See also دَائِرَةٌ, in art. دور.]) Accord. to Zj, in the saying in the Kur [xlviii. 6], ↓ ا@لظَّانِّينَ بِا@للّٰهِ ظَنَّ ا@لسَّوْءِ, (TA,) meaning ظَنَّ الأَمْرِ السَّوْءِ [i. e. Who opine, of God, the opining of the evil thing ], (Bd,) it is allowable to read ظَنَّ السُّوْءِ; (T, TA;) and thus some read in this instance: (Jel:) but AM says, in the saying in the Kur [xlviii. 12], ↓ وَظَنَنْتُمْ ظَنَّ السَّوْءِ [ And ye opined the evil opining ], it is read only with fet-h, and damm to the س is not allowable in this instance, for there is in it no meaning of trial, or affliction, and torment: (TA:) [for this distinction, however, I see no reason; and it is not correct; for] السوء is with fet-h and with damm to the س in the three sentences [whereof this last is one] in which it occurs in this chapter. (Jel.) ― -b2- In the Kur vii. 188, it is said to mean (assumed tropical:) Diabolical possession; or insanity, or madness. (M, TA.) ― -b3- (tropical:) Leprosy, syn. بَرَصٌ, (Lth, S, M, K, TA,) is said to be its meaning in the Kur xx. 23 and xxvii. 12 and xxviii. 32. (S, TA.) ― -b4- (assumed tropical:) The fire: so in the Kur xxx. 9, accord. to the reading السُّوْءَ: (K, TA:) said to mean there Hell: but the reading commonly known is ↓ السُّوْءَى. (TA.) ― -b5- And (assumed tropical:) Weakness in the eye. (K. [Thus, i. e. with damm to the س, in the CK and TK: in the TA said to be بالفتح; but this is evidently a mistake for بالضمّ.])

سَىْءٌ ذ : see سَيِّئٌ.

سَوْءَةٌ ذ The عَوْرَة [or pudendum ], (S, Mgh, Msb,) i. e. (Msb) the فَرْج [which means the same, or the external portion of the organs of generation ], (Lth, M, IAth, Msb, K,) of a man, and of a woman: (Lth, Msb, TA:) and the anus: (Az and TA in art. سوى:) dual سَوْءَتَانِ: and pl. سَوْاآتٌ: so called because its becoming exposed to men displease [or shames] the owner thereof; (Msb;) or because of its unseemliness. (Ham p. 510.) In the Kur vii. 19, for سَوْاآتِهِمَا, some read سَوَاتِهِمَا; and some, سَوَّاتِهِمَا. (Bd.) ― -b2- In the Kur v. 34, it means The dead body, or corpse; (Bd, Jel;) because it is deemed unseemly to be seen. (Bd.) ― -b3- Accord. to IAth, the former is the primary signification: and hence it is transferred to denote Any saying, or action, of which one is ashamed when it appears: (TA:) any evil, bad, abominable, foul, or unseemly, saying or action; (S, K, TA;) as also ↓ سَوْاآءُ: (M:) any disgracing action or thing: (Lth, TA:) an evil, abominable, or unseemly, property, quality, custom, or practics; (K, TA;) as also ↓ سَوْاآءُ, or ↓ سَوْءَى; (accord. to different copies of the K; [the latter perhaps fem. of ↓ أَسْوَأُ like the former, of the same class as دَفْأَى and دَنْأَى, or fem. of ↓ سَوْاآنُ, like عَطْشَى fem. of عَطْشَانُ;]) or so both of these; (TA;) or so ↓ سَوْءَةٌ سَوْاآءُ: (S:) [or this last means a property, &c., that is very evil &c.] One says, سَوْءَةً لِفُلَانٍ May a disgracing action or thing befall such a one; [or disgrace, or shame, to such a one; ] using the accus. case because it is an expression of reviling and imprecation. (Lth, TA.) [See also سَيِّئَةٌ and سُوْءَى.] ― -b4- ↓ السَّوْءَةُ السَّوْءَى [or ↓ السَّوْءَةُ السَّوْاآءُ] also means The contrarious wife or woman. (TA.)

سَايَةٌ ذ as used in the saying ضَرَبَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى فُلَانٍ سَايَةً is held by some to be originally with ء, and of the measure فَعْلَةٌ, from السَّوْءُ; so that the saying means Such a one did to such a one a thing that caused displeasure to him; and did evil to him: others hold that the saying means such a one made a way to do what he desired to such a one; in which case, ساية is of the measure فَعْلَةٌ from سَوَّيْتُ; originally سَوْيَةٌ, which is changed into سَيَّةٌ, and then into سَايَةٌ, in like manner as دِوَّانٌ is changed into دِيوَانٌ. (Aboo-Bekr, TA.) [See the same word in art. سوى.]

سَوْءَى ذ : see سَوْءَةٌ, in two places.

سُوْءَى ذ is [fem. of ↓ أَسْوَأُ, q. v., as meaning More, and most, evil, bad, abominable, foul, unseemly, unsightly, or ugly: and is also] a subst. signifying an evil, a bad, an abominable, a foul, or an unseemly, action; (Msb, TA;) i. q. فَعْلَةٌ سَيِّئَةٌ [and سَيِّئَةٌ alone]: in this sense, [as well as in the former,] (TA,) contr. of حُسْنَى. (S, M, K, TA.) ― -b2- In the Kur xxx. 9, (S, TA,) accord. to the reading commonly known, (TA,) [as contr. of الحُسْنَى,] السُّوْءَى means (assumed tropical:) The fire (S, K, TA) of Hell. (TA.) See also سُوْءٌ, last explanation but one.

سَوْاآءُ ذ : see أَسْوَأُ (of which it is said by some to be fem.) in two places: ― -b2- and see also سَوْءَةٌ, in four places.

خَزْيَانُ سَوْاآنُ ذ is [app. an instance of the alteration of the latter of two epithets to assimilate it to the former, originally خَزْيَانُ أَسْوَأُ, meaning Ashamed, or base, or vile, or ignominious, and evil, bad, &c.,] from القُبْحُ. (M, TA.) ― -b2- See also سَوْءَةٌ.

سَيِّئٌ ذ , [originally سَيْوِئٌ (as will be shown below, voce سَيِّئَةٌ), then سَيْيِئٌ, and then سَيِّئٌ,] applied to a thing [of any kind], (Lth, TA,) Evil, bad, abominable, foul, unseemly, unsightly, or ugly; (Lth, Msb, TA;) contr. of حَسَنٌ: (Msb:) sometimes contracted into ↓ سَىْءٌ, like as هَيِّنٌ is contracted in هَيْنٌ, and لَيّنٌ into لَيْنٌ; as in the saying of Et-Tuhawee, وَلَا يَجْزُونَ مِنْ حَسَنٍ مِسَىْءٍ وَلَا يَجْزُونَ مِنْ غِلَظٍ بِلِينِ [ And they will not requite good with evil, nor will they requite roughness with gentleness ]. (S.) You say قَوْلٌ سَيِّئٌ [ An evil saying; or] a saying that displeases. (M, TA.) And فَعْلَةٌ سَيِّئَةٌ [ An evil action or deed ]. (TA.) And it is said in the Kur [xxxv. 41], وَمَكْرَ ا@لسَّيِّئِ وَلَا يَحِيقُ ا@لْمَكْرُ ا@لسَّيِّئٌ اـِلَّا بِأَهْلِهِ [ And in the plotting of that which is evil; but the evil plotting shall not beset any save the authors thereof ]. (M, TA.) One says also, فُلَانٌ سَيِّئُ الاِخْتِيَارِ [ Such a one is evil in respect of choice, or preference ]. (S.) [See also the next paragraph.]

سَيِّئَةٌ ذ [fem. of سَيِّئٌ, q. v.: and also a subst., being transferred from the category of epithets to that of substs. by the affix ة], originally سَيْوِئَةٌ, (S,) An evil act or action; contr. of حَسَنَةٌ; (Msb;) a fault, an offence, or an act of disobedience; or such as is intentional; a sin, a crime, or an act of disobedience for which one deserves punishment; syn. خَطِيْئَةٌ: (M, K:) pl. سَيِّئَاتٌ. (TA.) It is said in a trad., الحَسَنَةُ بَيْنَ السَّيِّئَتَيْنِ [ The good act is between the two evil acts ]; meaning that the exceeding of the just bounds is a سَيِّئَة, and the falling short thereof is a سَيِّئَة, and the pursuing a middle course between these two is a حَسَنَة. (TA.) [See also سَوْءَةٌ and سُوْءَى.] ― -b2- Also; tropically, (tropical:) The recompense of a سَيِّئَة properly so termed [i. e. as expl. above]. (Msb in art. مكر.) ― -b3- An evil, or evil accident; a calamity; a misfortune; (Ksh in iv. 81;) a trial, or an affliction; opposed to حَسَنَةٌ; (Ksh and Bd in iv. 80;) scarcity of herbage, or of the goods, conveniences, and comforts, of life; straitness of circumstances; and unsuccessfulness; thus [likewise] opposed to حَسَنَةٌ in the Kur iv. 80. (Er- Rághib, TA in art. حسن.)

أَسْوَأُ ذ ; fem. سُوْءَى: see the latter word. One says, هُوَ أَسْوَأُ القَوْمِ He is the most evil, &c., of the people, or party; syn. أَقْبَحُهُمْ: and هِىَ السُّوْءَى She is the most evil, &c. (Msb.) And the [common] people say أَسْوَأُ الأَحْوَالِ, meaning The [ worst, or] most scanty, and weakest, of states or conditions. (Msb.) -A2- [Also,] applied as an epithet to a man, (El-Umawee, M, TA,) Evil, bad, abominable, foul, unseemly, unsightly, or ugly: (ElUmawee, M, K, TA:) fem. ↓ سَوْاآءُ, (El-Umawee, M, K,) which is thus applied to a woman; (ElUmawee, S, M;) or this is an instance of the measure فَععلَاآءُ having no [masc. of the measure] أَفَعَلُ. (M, TA.) See also سَوْءَةٌ, in four places. It is said in a trad. (M, TA) of the Prophet, or of 'Omar, (TA,) وَلُودٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ حَسْنَاآءَ عَقِيمٍ ↓ سَوْاآءُ [ An ugly prolific woman is better than a beautiful barren one ]. (M, TA.)

مَسَاآءَةٌ ذ an inf. n. of سَاآءَهُ: (S, M, K:) and [also a subst. signifying An evil, as being] a cause of grief or vexation; contr. of مَسَرَّةٌ: originally مَسْوَأَةٌ: and therefore the pl. is ↓ مَسَاوٍ, for مَسَاوِئُ; (Msb;) signifying also vices, faults, defects, or imperfections; (S, Msb, K, TA;) and diseases; (S, TA;) and acts of disobedience: (Msb:) so in the saying, بَدَتْ مَسَاوِيهِ His acts of disobedience, and vices, faults, &c., appeared: (Msb:) and الخَيْلُ تَجْرِى عَلَى مَسَاوِيهَا Horses run, notwithstanding their vices, or faults, &c., (S, Meyd, K,) and diseases; (S, Meyd;) for their generousness impels them to do so: (S, Meyd, K: but omitted in the CK:) and in like manner, the ingenuous generous man bears difficulties, and defends, or protects, what he is bound to defend or protect, or to regard as sacred, or inviolable, though he be weak, and practises generosity in all circumstances: (Meyd, TA:) or it is applied in relation to the protection and defence of what should be sacred, or inviolable, or of wives, or women under covert, and the members of one's household, notwithstanding harm, or injury, and fear: or it means that one may seek to defend himself by means of a man though there be in him qualities disapproved: (MF, TA:) but accord. to Lh, المَسَاوِى has no proper sing., like المَحَاسِنُ: (Meyd, TA: *) accord. to some of the writers on inflection, it is the contr. of المَحَاسِنُ, and an anomalous pl. of السُّوْءُ, being originally with ء. (TA.)

مَسَاوٍ ذ : see the next preceding paragraph.

سُوبَةٌ ذ A long, or far, journey; like سُبْأَةٌ; (K, TA;) of which it is a dial. var.: a short journey is termed سُرْبَةٌ. (TA.)

سُوبِيَةٌ ذ A well-known [ beverage of the kind called ] نَبِيذ, prepared from wheat, and much drunk by the people of Egypt, (L, TA,) at their festivals: (TA:) and also prepared from rice: (MF, TA:) [ also from the pips of a species of melon, called in Egypt عَبْدَلَّاوِىّ; (see art. عبد; and see also White's “ Abdollatiphi Hist. Aegypti Compendium, ” pp. 52-3; or De Sacy's transl., pp. 34-5;) moistened and pounded, and steeped in water, which is then strained, and sweetened with sugar: ] it is mentioned in a trad. and by several writers. (TA.)

1 سَاجَ نَسِيجَهُ بِالمِسْوَجَةِ ذ , said of a weaver, He passed the مِسْوَجَة, i. e. the sprinkling instrument, to and fro over his web [ to dress the warps with the preparation termed سَوْج]. (A, TA. *) ― -b2- [Hence, app., unless the reverse be the case, the inf. n.] سَوَجَانٌ signifies The act of going and coming: (AA, O, K, TA:) asserted by some to be سَوْجَانٌ, [and thus it is in the CK,] but this is a mistake. (TA.) You say, سَاجَ, aor. يَسُوجُ, inf. n. سَوْجٌ [and سَوَجَانٌ], He, or it, went and came. (TA.) ― -b3- And ساج, (IAar, O, K,) aor. as above, (IAar, O,) inf. n. سَوْجٌ and سُوَاجٌ and سَوَجَانٌ, He went along gently, softly, or in a leisurely manner. (IAar, O, K.) IAar cites the following [as an ex. of an epithet hence derived]: الجِلْبِحِ ↓ غَرَّاآءَ لَيْسَتْ بِالسَّؤُوجِ [A female fair in face: she is not the ugly old woman that goes along gently, or softly, by reason of decrepitude]. (O.)

2 سوّج عَلَى الكَرْمِ ذ (A, Msb) وَنَحْوِهِ (Msb) He made a سِيَاج, i. e. an enclosure (A, Msb) composed of thorns and the like, (Msb,) around the grape-vines (A, Msb) and the like; as also سيّج, with ى, agreeably with the word سياج [from which it is derived]: (Msb:) and سيّج حَائِطَهُ, inf. n. تَسْيِيجٌ, he made an enclosure (K and TA in art. سيج) of thorns and the like (TA in that art.) around his garden of palm-trees or vines. (K and TA in the same art.)

سَاجٌ ذ [The teak-tree; tectona grandis; to which the name of ساج is applied in Pers.; remarkable for its huge size, and enormous leaves: or the Indian, or Oriental, plane-tree: or the Indian plantain-tree: (see De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., iii. 473:)] a certain species of tree, (S, A, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) of great size, (Msb,) growing to a very great size, (Mgh,) that grows only in India, and is conveyed thence to other countries; (Mgh, Msb;) so they say: (Mgh:) Z says, (Msb,) it is a black, heavy, wood, which is brought from India, (A, Msb,) in pieces made of an oblong form, and squared, (A,) and which the woodfretter can hardly, or not at all, wear, or waste; (A, Msb;) and he says that its pl. is سِيجَانٌ: (Msb: [but this is said in the A only to be pl. of ساج meaning “ a rounded, wide, طَيْلَسَان: ”]) some say that it resembles ebony, but is less black: (Msb:) accord to the A, Noah's ark was made of it: but several authors say that it is related in the Book of the Law revealed to Moses that it was made of the صَنَوْبَر [or pine-tree]; and some say that the صنوبر is a species of the ساج: (TA:) AHn describes it, (O, TA,) on the authority of one who had seen it in its places of growth, (O,) as a species of tree that grows to a great size, tall and wide, having leaves like the shields of the Deylem (الدَّيْلَم, q. v.), with one of which leaves a man may cover himself, and it will protect him from the rain, and it has a sweet odour, like the odour of the leaves of the walnut, and is fine and soft, or smooth; (O, TA,) the elephants [he says] are fond of it, and of the leaves of the banana, both of which they eat: it is not of the trees that grow in the land of the Arabs, nor does it grow in any country except those of India and the Zenj; nor does any tree grow so tall, nor any so big: (O:) ↓ سَاجَةٌ is the n. un.; and its pl. is سَاجَاتٌ: (Msb:) and it signifies a piece of wood of the tree called ساج, made of an oblong form, and squared, as brought from India; (A, * Mgh, TA;) such as is cut and prepared for a foundation and the like: (Mgh:) one says, فِى أَسَاسِ بِنَائِهِ سَاجَةٌ [ In the foundation of his building is a piece of wood of the ساج cut in an oblong form, and squared ]: (A:) a ساجة from which a door is cloven, or divided off lengthwise, is called سَلِيجَةٌ: (TA:) and the term سَاجَةٌ is also applied to the board, or tablet, [ of wood of the ساج,] upon which stand [ or rest ] the two scales of the balance when one weighs with it. (Ham. p. 818.) -A2- Also A [ garment of the kind called ] طَيْلَسَان of the colour termed خُضْرَة [here meaning a dark, or an ashy, dust-colour ]: (S, A, O, K:) or a black طيلسان: (IAar, O, K:) or a large, thick, or coarse, طيلسان: (TA:) or a طيلسان made of a round form, (A, TA,) and wide: (A:) or a طيلسان hollowed out in the middle (مُقَوَّرٌ); so woven: (Az, O, Msb:) this last is said to be meant in a trad. in which it is said that the Prophet used to wear in war such قَلَانِس [pl. of قَلَنْسُوَةٌ, q. v.,] as were [made] of سِيجَان: (TA:) سِيجَانٌ is the pl.: (T, S, A, O, Msb:) the dim. is ↓ سُوَيْجٌ. (TA.) It is tropically applied to signify (tropical:) A [ garment of the kind called ] كِسَاآء made of a square form, or four-sided; and is described as a sort of مِلْحَفَة, woven. (TA.) As meaning a طيلسان, it is said by some, that its ا is originally ى. (L, TA.) ― -b2- It is also used, by a poet, in the manner of an epithet, as meaning Of the colour termed خُضْرَة [expl. above]. (TA.)

سَوْجٌ ذ A preparation of clay, [app. made into a sort of ooze, and ] cooked; with which the weaver does over [i. e. dresses ] the warps of the web. (TA. [See 1, first sentence.])

سَاجَةٌ ذ n. un. of سَاجٌ, q. v. (Msb.)

سَؤُوجٌ ذ [an epithet from سَاجَ in the last of the senses assigned to it above]: see 1, last sentence.

سُوَيْجٌ ذ A small طَيْلَسَان of the kind called سَاج, q. v. (TA.)

سِيَاجٌ ذ An enclosure (A, Msb) made with thorns and the like (Msb) around grape-vines (A, Msb) and the like: (Msb:) an enclosure made with trees around grape-vines or a garden: (L in art. سيج:) an enclosure (O and K in that art.) of any kind (O) around a thing, such as palm-trees and grape-vines: (O, K:) and a wall (O, K) of any kind, whether roofed or not roofed: (O:) pl. [of pauc.] أَسْوِجَةٌ and [of mult.] سُوجٌ; (A, Msb;) the latter originally سُوُجٌ, like كُتُبٌ pl. of. كِتَابٌ. (Msb.) Fei makes the medial radical letter to be و, and so do [Z and] AHei and most of the grammarians: Az [and Sgh] and IM hold it to be ى. (TA.)

مِسْوَجَةٌ ذ The sprinkling instrument (مِرَشَّة, A) which the weaver passes to and fro over his web [ to dress the warps with the preparation termed سَوْج]. (A, TA. *)

كِسَاآءٌ مُسَوَّجٌ ذ A [ garment of the kind called ] كساآء made into a ساج: (A:) or, made round (O, K, TA) and wide, or ample: (TA:) and also applied to signify such as is made square, or four-sided. (TA.)

سَاحٌ ذ [originally سَوَحٌ]: see what follows.

سَاحَةٌ ذ [originally سَوَحَةٌ] The court, or open area, of a house; i. e. a spacious vacant part or portion thereof, in which is no building; (Msb voce عَرْصَةٌ;) a part of a house in which is no building nor roof: (Har p. 33:) its بَاحَة: (S:) or its yard; i. e. a spacious place in front of a house: (Msb in the present art.:) or a wide, or spacious, place, among the dwellings of a tribe: and a side, region, quarter, or tract; or a lateral, or an outward or adjacent, part or portion; syn. نَاحِيَةٌ: (K:) the pl. is ↓ سَاحٌ [or rather this is a coll. gen. n. of which ساحة is the n. un.] and [the pl. is] سَاحَاتٌ (S, Msb, K) and سُوحٌ; (S, K;) the last like بُدْنٌ pl. of بَدَنَةٌ, and خُشْبٌ pl. of خَشَبَةٌ: (S:) the dim. is ↓ سُوَيْحَةٌ. (TA.) [See also 7 in art. سيح.] One says, عَمَرَ ا@للّٰهُ سَاحَتَكَ [ May God people thy court, or yard; or make it to be well stocked with people and the like ]. (A.) And in a case of drought you say, اِحْمَرَّ ا@للُّوحُ وَا@غُبَرَّ ا@لسُّوحُ [ The air, or atmosphere, has become red, and the courts, or yards, have become very dusty ]. (A.) You say also, اـِنَّهُ لَبَرِىْءُ السَّاحَةِ, a phrase like اـِنَّهُ لَبَرِىْءُ العَذِرَةِ [expl. in art. عذر]. (TA in art. عذر.)

سُوَيْحَةٌ ذ dim. of سَاحَةٌ, q. v. (TA.)

1 سَاخَتْ قَوَائِمُهُ ذ , (S, Msb, K,) or قَوَائِمُ الدَّابَّةِ, (A,) فِى الأَرْضِ, (S, Msb,) or بِالأَرْضِ, (A,) aor. تَسُوخُ, (S, A, Msb,) inf. n. سَوْخٌ (L, Msb) and سُؤُوخٌ and سَوَخَانٌ, (L,) His legs, or the legs of the beast, sank into the ground: (Msb, * TA:) or sank, and became concealed, in the ground or earth: (S, Msb, * TA:) and so سَاخَتْ, aor. تَسِيخُ, (S, Msb, TA,) inf. n. سَيْخٌ (Msb) [and سَيَخَانٌ: see art. سيخ]: and in like manner one says of the feet: (A, TA:) like ثَاخَتْ. (S, K.) ― -b2- And سَاخَ, (L, K,) aor. يَسُوخُ, (L,) It (a thing) sank [in water &c.], or subsided; syn. رَسَبَ. (L, K.) ― -b3- And سَاخَتْ بِهِمُ الأَرْضُ, (A, L, Msb, K,) aor. تَسُوخُ, (L, Msb,) inf. n. سَوْخٌ (L, Msb, K) and سُؤُوخٌ and سَوَخَانٌ, (L, K,) The ground, or earth, sank with them; or sank with them and swallowed them up or enclosed them; syn. اِنْخَسَفَتْ, (L, K,) or خَسَفَتْ: and so سَاخَتْ, aor. تَسِيخُ, inf. n. سَيْخٌ. (Msb.)

4 اساخهُ ذ He (God) made him, or it, to sink into, or to sink and become concealed in, the ground or earth. (Msb.)

5 تسوّخ ذ He fell into a place rendered very slimy by rain; (L, K;) or into mud rendered very watery by rain; as also تزوّخ. (L.)

صَارَتِ الأَرْضُ سُوَاخًا ذ (L, K) and ↓ سُوَّاخًا (L) and ↓ سُوَّاخَى, (L, K,) or ↓ سَوَاخَى, of the measure فَعَالَى, (S,) said in the K to be a mistake, but the S is not the only lexicon in which it is thus written, (TA,) The earth became very slimy by reason of rain. (S, L, K.)

سَوَاخَى ذ : see the next preceding paragraph.

فِيهِ سَوَاخِيَةٌ ذ In it is much mud. (K.)

صَارَتِ الأَرْضُ سُوَّاخًا ذ i. q. سُوَاخًا, q. v. (L.)

سُوَّاخَى ذ Mud rendered very watery by rain. (L.) See صَارَتِ الأَرْضُ سُوَاخًا, above. ― -b2- Also, and ↓ مَسْوَخَةٌ, Tumid earth that breaks in pieces when trodden upon. (L voce رَخَّاآءُ.) ― -b3- بَطْحَاآءُ سُوَّاخَى [ A wide water-course, or channel of a torrent, containing fine, or minute, or broken, pebbles, &c.,] into which the feet sink, or in which the feet sink and become concealed. (L.)

سُوَيْوِخَةٌ ذ dim. of سُوَّاخَى. (L, K.)

مَسْوَخَةٌ ذ : see سُوَّاخَى.

1 سَادَ ذ , aor. يَسُودُ, inf. n. سِيَادَةٌ (Msb, TA) and سُودٌ and سُودَدٌ [and its vars. mentioned in the next sentence] and سَيْدُودَةٌ, (TA,) or سُودَدٌ is a simple subst. signifying as expl. below, (Msb,) He was, or became, [ a سَيِّد, i. e. chief, lord, master, &c.; or] possessed of glory, honour, dignity, eminence, exalted or elevated state, or nobility. (Msb, TA.) ― -b2- [It is also trans.:] you say, سَادَ قَوْمَهُ, (S, M, * A,) aor. يَسُودُهُمْ, (S, A,) inf. n. سِيَادَةٌ (S, M, K *) and سُودٌ (M, K *) and سُودَدٌ, (S, M, A, K *) in which last the [final] د is added to render the word quasi-coordinate to words of the measure فُعْلَلٌ, as جُنْدَبٌ and بُرْقَعٌ, (S,) and سُودُدٌ and سُؤْدَدٌ (M, TA *) and سُؤْدُدٌ, (M, K, *) of the dial. of Teiyi, (M,) and سَيْدُودَةٌ, (S, M,) He was, or became, the سَيِّد [or chief, lord, master, &c.,] of his people; (S;) [ he ruled his people, or held dominion over them; ] and ↓ اِسْتَادَهُمْ signifies the same. (M, L.) And سَادَهُ, inf. n. سِيَادَةٌ and سِيَادٌ and سُودَدٌ [&c.], He exercised rule, or dominion, over him. (MA.) [See also سُودَدٌ below.] ― -b3- [Hence,] سَادَتْ نَاقَتِى المَطَايَا (tropical:) My she-camel left behind the [ other ] camels or beasts. (A, TA.) ― -b4- سَاوَدَنِى فَسُدْتُهُ: see 3. -A2- سَوِدَ and سَادَ as syn. with اِسْوَدَّ: see this last, in three places. -A3- سَادَهُ as syn. with سَاوَدَهُ: see this latter. -A4- سَادَ, aor. يَسُودُ, also signifies He drank water such as is termed مَسْوَدَة, which occasions a disease termed سُوَادِ. (M, K.) ― -b2- And سِيدَ, (M,) or سُئِدَ, like عُنِىَ, (K,) He was, or became, affected with السُّوَاد. (M, K. [In the former, the context indicates that this means here a disease that attacks the liver from eating dates: in the latter, that it here means a disease incident to sheep or goats.])

2 سوّدهُ قَوْمُهُ ذ , [inf. n. تَسْوِيدٌ,] His people made him a سَيِّد [i. e. chief, lord, &c.; generally meaning over them ]. (S, M, * A.) It is said in a trad. of 'Omar, تَفَقَّهُوا قَبْلَ أَنْ تُسَوَّدُوا, (M,) or ↓ تَسَوَّدُوا [for تَتَسَوَّدُوا], (O,) meaning Learn ye knowledge, or science, before ye be [ made ] chiefs, looked at; for if ye learn not before that, ye will be ashamed to learn after becoming advanced in age, or attaining to full growth, (بَعْدَ الكِبَرِ,) and so will remain ignorant, taking it [i. e. knowledge] from the younger ones, and that will lower your estima- tion: (M:) or the meaning is, before ye be married, and become masters of houses, or tents, and be diverted by the marriage-state from [the acquisition of] knowledge, or science. (Sh, O.) [See also 5.] ― -b2- سوّد also signifies He slew: (Az, TA:) or [the inf. n.] تَسْوِيدٌ signifies the slaying of سَادَة [i. e. chiefs, lords, &c., pl. of سَيِّدٌ]. (K.) ― -b3- [And accord. to the K, تَسْوِيدٌ is also syn. with جُرْأَةٌ The being bold, daring, brave, or courageous: but accord. to the O, سَوَّدَ signifies خَرِئَ He voided his excrement, or ordure; as though from what next follows: which of these two explanations is right (for it seems improbable that both are right) I find no ex. to indicate.] -A2- سَوَّدْتُهُ, (S, M, * TA,) or سوّدته بِالسَّوَادِ, inf. n. تَسْوِيدٌ, (Msb,) I blackened it; made it, or rendered it, أَسْوَد [i. e. black ]; (S, * M, Msb; *) I changed its بَيَاض [or whiteness ] to سَوَاد [or blackness ]. (TA.) ― -b2- [Hence, سوّد وَجْهَهُ lit. He, or it, blackened his face: meaning (assumed tropical:) rendered his face expressive of sorrow, or displeasure; or grieved, or displeased, him: and also, disgraced him: see the contr. بَيَّضَ: and see also 9. ― -b3- Hence also سوّد meaning He wrote anything in a rough manner, as one writes the first draught, or original copy, of a book or the like; contr. of بَيَّضَ in this sense also: probably post-classical.] ― -b4- And سّود الاـِبِلَ, (S, M, O,) inf. n. تَسْوِيدٌ, (S, K,) (assumed tropical:) He beat, or pounded, old worn-out hair-cloth, and applied it as a remedy to the galls, or sores, on the backs of the camels. (Fr, A'Obeyd, S, M, O, K. *) ― -b5- And سَوِّدُوا ضَيْفَكُمْ (assumed tropical:) Feed ye your guest with something to allay the craving of his stomach before the morning-meal (الغَدَاآء). (ElUmawee, TA in art. لهج.)

3 سَاْوَدَ ↓ سَاوَدَنِى فَسُدْتُهُ (S, A, K, * &c.) He vied with me, or contended with me for superiority, in the rank, or quality, or qualities, of a سَيِّد [or chief, lord, &c.], and I overcame, or surpassed, him therein: (S, A, L, K: *) -A2- and also He vied with me in blackness, and I surpassed him therein. (S, L, K. *) ― -b2- And ساودهُ, inf. n. سِوَادٌ, He met him in the blackness of the night. (M, L.) ― -b3- And سَاوَدْتُهُ, (S, A, O,) inf. n. سِوَادٌ (S, O, K *) and مُسَاوَدَةٌ, (S,) (tropical:) I spoke secretly with him; (S, A, O, K; *) because you bring near your سَوَاد [or person] to his [when you so speak with another]; or [because] originally meaning I brought near my سَوَاد, i. e. person, to his: (S:) or ساودهُ, inf. n. سِوَادٌ, signifies he spoke secretly with him, and so brought near his سَوَاد to his [the other's]; as also ↓ سَادَهُ, inf. n. سَوْدٌ. (M.) It was said to the daughter of El-Khuss, Wherefore didst thou commit fornication? (S, O, L,) or What caused thee to commit fornication? or Wherefore didst thou become pregnant? (M, L,) thou being the mistress of thy people? (S, O, L:) and she answered, قُرْبُ الوِسَادِ وَطُولُ السِّوَادِ, (S, M, O, L, [in my two copies of the S قُرْبَ and طُولَ, as though a verb were understood,]) i. e. [ The nearness of the pillow, and the long continuance of ] secret speaking with another: (Lh, M, L:) or, as some say, السواد here means the enticing to جِمَاع: or, as others say, الجَمَاع itself [if the question put to her were the last mentioned above]. (M, L.) ― -b4- ساودهُ also signifies (assumed tropical:) He acted deceitfully, or guilefully, with him: (K:) or he endeavoured to turn him [ to a thing ] by blandishment, or by deceitful arts; or to entice him; as shown above. (TA.) ― -b5- And (assumed tropical:) He drove him away; namely, a lion. (O, K.) ― -b6- And ساودت الاـِبِلُ النَّبَاتَ (assumed tropical:) The camels laboured at the herbage with their lips, and could not master it, because of its shortness (O, K) and its scantiness. (K.)

4 أَسَادَ ذ and أَسْوَدَ He begat a boy that was a سَيِّد [or chief, lord, &c.]: (S, O, K:) or they signify, (O, K,) or signify also, (S,) he begat a black boy: (S, O, K:) or he had a black child born to him: (M:) and اسودت she brought forth black children. (A.)

5 تسوّد ذ He became married: (K:) or he became married, and master of a house, or tent. (Sh, O.) See 2, second sentence.

8 اـِسْتَوَدَ see 1. ― -b2- استادوا بَنِى فُلَانٍ They slew the سَيِّد [or chief, lord, &c.,] of the sons of such a one: (AZ, S, M, O, K:) or (so in the K, but in the S and O “ and in like manner ”) they took him captive: (S, O, K:) or they asked, or demanded, of him a woman in marriage. (IAar, S, M, O, K.) And استاد القَوْمَ, and فِى القَوْمِ, and مِنْهُمْ, He asked, or demanded, in marriage, a سَيِّدَة [or woman of rank or quality ], among the people: (M:) or استاد فِى بَنِى فُلَانٍ, and مِنْهُمْ, he married one of the chief, or noble, women of the sons of such a one. (IAar, O.) And استاد He married among سَادَة [or chiefs, lords, &c.]. (L.)

9 اسوّد ذ , (S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. اِسْوِدَادٌ; (S, K;) and ↓ اسوادّ, (S, M, K,) inf. n. اِسوِيدَادٌ; (S, K;) and in poetry it is allowable to say ↓ اِسْوَأَدَّ, to avoid the concurrence of two quiescent letters; imperative [of ↓ the second] اِسْوَادِدْ, and the last two letters in this may be incorporated together [so that you may say اِسْوَادّ]; (S;) said of a thing; (S, Msb;) and ↓ سَوِدَ, (S, M, Msb,) said of a man, (S, TA,) and of a thing, (TA,) aor. يَسْوَدُ; (Msb;) and ↓ سَادَ, (M,) first pers. سُدْتُ, a form used by some; (S;) It, and he, became أَسْوَد [i. e. black ]: (S, M, Msb, K:) and ↓ اسوادّ it, or he, became intensely so. (TA.) Nuseyb says, فَلَمْ أَمْلِكْ سَوَادِى وَتَحْتَهُ ↓ سَوِدْتُ قَمِيصٌ مِنَ القُوهِىِّ بِيضٌ بَنَائِقُهْ [ I am black, (for Nuseyb was a slave,) and am not master of my person; but beneath it, or within it, is a shirt like the cloth of Koohistán, the gores of which are white: by this قميص he means his heart; القَمِيصُ, or قَمِيصُ القَلْبِ, tropically meaning “ the pericardium; ” and, by a synecdoche, “ the heart itself, with its appertenances ”]. (S, TA.) ― -b2- [Hence,] اسودّ وَجْهُهُ [lit. His face became black: meaning] (tropical:) his face became expressive of grief, or sorrow, or displeasure, occasioned by fear [ &c. ]: (Bd in iii. 102:) he became grieved, sorrowful, or displeased; and confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course, by reason of shame, or in consequence of a deed that he had done (Bd in xvi. 60) [ &c.: and often meaning he became disgraced ]: opposed to اِبْيَضَّ. (Bd in iii. 102.)

11 اـِسْوَاْدَّ see 9, in three places.

Q. Q. 4 اِسْوَأَدَّ ذ : see 9, first sentence.

سَوْدٌ ذ A سَفْح (M, K, TA) of a mountain, (M, TA,) [app. meaning, in this case, a low tract at the base, or foot, of a mountain, ] forming a narrow strip of ground, (M, TA,) rough and black, (M,) or level, abounding with black stones, (K, TA,) which are rough, and the predominant colour whereof is blackness; seldom found but at a mountain in which is a mine: so says Lth: or a piece of ground in which are black rough stones resembling dry human dung: (TA:) or land, or ground, in which blackness predominates, which is seldom anywhere but at a mountain in which is a mine: (Msb:) pl. أَسْوَادٌ: (M, TA:) and ↓ سَوْدَةٌ signifies a portion thereof; (M, Msb, K, TA;) and the pl. of this is سَوْدَاتٌ, and the pl. of سَوْدَاتٌ is ↓ أَسْوَادَتٌ, which occurs in a trad. (TA.)

سُودٌ ذ : see سُودَدٌ.