Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

6 تَكَافَحُوا ذ [ They faced, confronted, or encountered, one another; or met face to face ]. (A.) ― -b2- تَكَافَحَتِ الكِبَاشُ [ The rams butted one another. ] (A.) ― -b3- تَكَافَحَتِ الأَمْوَاجُ (tropical:) The waves met and dashed together. ] (A.)

أَصَابَهُ مِنَ السَّمُوم لَفْحٌ وَمِنَ الحَرُورِ كَفْحٌ ذ (tropical:) [ A burning gust of the hot day-wind smote him, and a blast of the hot night-wind meeting him in the face ]. (A.)

كَفِيحٌ ذ A husband: (K:) so called because he beholds his wife face to face. (TA.) ― -b2- A bedfellow, syn. ضَجِيعٌ, (A, K,) of a woman. (TA.) ― -b3- A guest coming suddenly, or unexpectedly. (K, TA.) -A2- Like; or equal; syn. كُفْءٌ, (S, K,) and نَدِيدٌ. (TA.)

مُكَافِحٌ ذ (tropical:) One who superintends, manages, or conducts, affairs himself, or in his own person. (TA.) See 3.

1 كَفَرَ الشَّىْءَ ذ , (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, &c,) aor., in the sense first explained below كَفِرَ , (S, K, &c.;) [respecting which Fei observes,] ElFárábee, whom J follows, says that it is like يَضْرِبُ, but in a trustworthy copy of the T it is written كَفُرَ , and this is the proper form, because they say that كَفَرَ النِّعْمَةَ [of which the aor. is كَفُرَ ] is borrowed from كَفَرَ الشَّىْءَ in the sense which is first explained below; (Msb;) and MF says, that the saying of J, following his maternal uncle Aboo-Nasr El-Fárábee, that the aor. of this verb is كَفِرَ , is doubtless a mistake; but to this, [says SM,] I reply, that it is correctly كَفِرَ , as J and F and other leading lexicologists have said; though the aor. of the verb of كُفْرٌ as meaning the contr. of اـِيْمَانٌ is كَفُرَ ; (TA;) [or, if this latter verb be taken from the former, the aor. of the former may have been originally كَفِرَ and كَفُرَ , and general usage may have afterwards applied the aor. كَفِرَ to one signification, while the aor. كَفُرَ has been applied by very few persons to that signification, but by all to the significations thence derived;] inf. n. كَفْرٌ; (S, Msb;) and ↓ كفّرهُ, (A, Mgh, K,) inf. n. تَكْفِيرٌ; (TA;) He veiled, concealed, hid, or covered, the thing: (S, A, * Mgh, * Msb, K: *) or he covered the thing so as to destroy it: (Az, TA:) and كَفَرَ عَلَيْهِ, aor. [and inf. n.] as above, he covered it; covered it over. (K,) You say كَفَرَ البَذْرَ ا@لْمَبْذُورَ He covered the sown seed with earth. (TA.) And كَفَرَ السَّحَابُ السَّمَاآءَ The clouds covered the sky. (A.) Lebeed says, فِى لَيْلَةٍ كَفَرَ النُّجُومَ غَمَامُهَا In a night whereof the clouds that covered the sky concealed the stars. (Msb.) You say also كَفَرَهُ اللَّيْلُ, and كَفَرَ عَلَيْهِ, The night covered it with its blackness. (TA.) And كَفَرَتِ الرِّيحُ الرَّسْمَ The wind covered the trace or mark [with dust.] (A.) And كَفَرَ فَوْقَ دِرْعِهِ He clad himself with a garment over his coat of mail. And دِرْعَهُ بِثَوْبٍ ↓ كَفَّرَ He covered his coat of mail with a garment. (TA.) And كَفَرَ مَتَاعَهُ He put his goods in a receptacle. (TA.) And كَفَرَ ا@لْمَتَاعَ فِى الوِعَاآءِ He covered, or concealed, the goods in the receptacle. (A.) And ↓ كَفَّرَ نَفْسَهُ بِالسِّلَاحِ He covered himself with the arms. (A.) And كَفَرَ الجَهْلُ عَلَى عِلْمِ فُلَانٍ Ignorance covered over the knowledge of such a one. (TA.) وَكَيْفَ تَكْفُرُونَ, [thus, with damm as the vowel of the aor.,] in the Kur, iii. 96, has been explained as signifying And wherefore do ye cover the familiarity and love in which ye were living? (TA.) ― -b2- Hence, (Msb, TA,) كَفَرَ, (S,) and كَفَرَ النِّعْمَةَ, and بِالنِّعْمَةِ; (Msb;) and كَفَرَ نِعْمَةَ ا@للّٰهِ, and بِنِعْمَةِ ا@للّٰهِ; (K;) aor. كَفُرَ , (TA,) inf. n. كُفْرَانٌ. (S, K,) which is the most common form in this case, (El-Basáïr,) and كُفُورٌ, (S, K,) and كُفْرٌ; (El-Basáïr;) He covered, or concealed, (Msb,) and denied, or disacknowledged, the favour or benefit [ conferred upon him ]; (S, Msb;) he was ungrateful, or unthankful, or behaved ungratefully or unthankfully; contr. of شَكَرَ; (S;) and he denied, or disacknowledged, and concealed, or covered, the favour or benefit of God: (K:) God's favours or benefits are the signs which show to those who have discrimination that their Creator is one, without partner, and that He has sent apostles with miraculous signs and revealed scriptures and manifest proofs. (Az, TA.) وَلَا نَكْفُرُكَ, in the prayer [termed القُنُوتُ], means وَلَا نَكْفُرُ نِعْمَتَكَ [ And we will not deny, or disacknowledge, thy favour; or we will not be ungrateful, or unthankful, for it ]. (Msb.) [The verb when used in this sense, seems, from what has been said above, to be a حَقِيقَة عُرْفِيَّة, or word so much used in a particular tropical sense as to be, in that sense, conventionally regarded as proper.] ― -b3- And hence, كَفَرَ, inf. n. كُفْرَانٌ, is used to signify [absolutely] He denied, or disacknowledged. (TA.) [See the act. part. n., below: and see 3. See also art. ف, p. 2322 a. ] You say كَفَرَ بِالصَّانِعِ He denied the Creator. (Msb.) ― -b4- Hence also, (TA.) كَفَرَ, (S, Msb,) aor. كَفُرَ , (Msb, TA,) inf. n. كُفُرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) which is the most common form in this case, (El-Basáïr,) and كَفْرٌ (K) and كُفْرَانٌ (Msb, K) and كُفُورٌ, (K,) He disbelieved; he became an unbeliever, or infidel; contr. of اآمَنَ, inf. n. اـِيْمَانٌ. (S, K.) You say كَفَرَ بِا@للّٰهِ (S, Msb) He disbelieved in God: (S:) because he who does so conceals, or covers, the truth, and the favours of the liberal Dispenser of favours [who is God]. (MF.) [Also, as shown above, He denied God. ] It is related in a trad. of 'Abd-El-Melik, that he wrote to El- Hajjáj, مَنْ أَقَرَّ بِالكُفْرِ فَخَلِّ سَبِيلَهُ, meaning, Whosoever confesses the unbelief of him who opposes the Benoo-Marwán, and goes forth against them, let him go his way. (TA.) See also كُفْرٌ, below. ― -b5- [ He blasphemed: a signification very common in the present day.] ― -b6- Also, كَفَرَ بِكَذَا He declared himself to be clear, or quit, of such a thing. (Msb.) In this sense it is used in the Kur xiv. 27. (Msb, TA.) ― -b7- And كَفَرَ also signifies He was remiss, or fell short of his duty, with respect to the law, and neglected the gratitude or thankfulness to God which was incumbent on him. So in the Kur xxx. 43; as is shown by its being opposed to عَمِلَ صَالِحًا. (TA.) -A2- كَفَرَ لَهُ, inf. n. كَفْرٌ: see 2.

2 كفّرهُ ذ , inf. n. تَكْفِيرٌ: see 1, first signification, in three places. -A2- Hence, كَفَّرَ الذَّنْبَ It (war in the cause of God [or the like]) covered, or concealed, the crime or sin: (Mgh:) (or expiated it: or annulled it; for] تكفير with respect to acts of disobedience is like اـِحْبَاطٌ with respect to reward. (S, K.) The saying in the Kur [v. 70.] لَكَفَّرْنَا عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ means, We would cover, or conceal, their sins, so that they should become as though they had not been: or it may mean, We would do away with their sins; as is indicated by another saying in the Kur [xi. 116,] “ good actions do away with sins. ” (El-Basáïr.) كَفَّرَ ا@للّٰهُ عَنْهُ الذَّنْبَ signifies God effaced his sin. (Msb.) ― -b2- And كَفَّرَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ [ He expiated his oath; ] he performed, (Msb,) or gave, (K,) what is termed كَفَّارَة [i. e. a fast, or alms, for the expiation of his oath ]: (Msb, K:) تَكْفِيرٌ of an oath is the doing what is incumbent, or obligatory, for the violation, or breaking, thereof: (S:) كَفَّرَ يَمِينَهُ is a vulgar phrase. (Mgh.) -A3- كَفَّرَهُ as syn. with أَكْفَرَهُ: see 4. -A4- كَفَّرَ لَهُ, inf. n. تَكْفِيرٌ, (A, Mgh, TA,) He did obeisance to him, lowering his head, or bowing, and bending himself, and putting his hand upon his breast: (Mgh:) or put his hand upon his breast and bent himself down to him: (TA:) or he made a sign of humbling himself to him; did obeisance to him: (A:) namely, an عِلْج [or unbeliever of the Persians or other foreigners] (A, Mgh) or a ذِمِّىّ [or free non- Muslim subject of a Muslim government, i. e., a Christian, a Jew, or a Sabian] (Mgh) to the king; (A, Mgh;) or a slave to his master, or to his دِهْقَان [or chief]: (TA:) and ↓ كَفَرَ, [aor. كَفُرَ , accord. to the rule of of the K,] (TK,) inf. n. كَفْرٌ, (K,) he (a Persian, فَارِسِىٌّ, K, and so in the L and other lexicons, but in the TS فَارِس, without ى, which is probably a mistake of copyists, TA) paid honour to his king, (K, TA,) by making a sing with his head, near to prostration: (TA:) تَكْفِيرٌ is a man's humbling himself to another, (S, K, TA,) bending himself, and lowering his head, nearly in the manner termed رُكُوعٌ; as one does when he desires to pay honour to his friend; (TA;) or as the عِلْج does to the دِهْقَان: (S:) and the تكفير of the people of the scriptures [or Christians and Jews, and Sabians] one's lowering his head to his friend, like the تَسْلِيم with the Muslims: or one's putting his hand, or his two hands, upon his breast: (TA:) and تكفير in prayer is the bending one's self much in the state of standing, before the action termed رُكُوعٌ; the doing of which was disapproved by Mohammad, accord. to a trad. (TA.) It is said in a trad., اـِذَا أَصْبَحَ ا@بْنُ اآدَمَ فَاـِنَّ الأَعْضَاآءَ تُكَفِّرُ كُلُّهَا لِلِّسَانِ When the son of Adam rises in the morning, verily all the members abase themselves to the tongue, (Mgh, TA,) and confess obedience to it, and humbly submit to its command. (TA.) ― -b2- تَكْفِيرٌ also signifies The crowning a king with a crown, [because] when he, or it, is seen, obeisance is done to him (اـِذَا رُئِىَ كُفِّرَ لَهُ). (K.) ― -b3- See also تَكْفِيرٌ below.

3 كَافَرَنِى حَقِّى ذ He denied, or disacknowledged, to me my right, or just claim. (A, Mgh, K.) Hence the saying of 'Ámir, اـِذَا أَقَرَّ عِنْدَ القَاضِى بِشَىْءٍ ثُمَّ كَافَرَ [ When he confesses a thing in the presence of the Kádee, then denies, or disacknowledges: كَافَرَ being thus used in the sense of كَفَرَ]. But as to the saying of Mohammad [the lawyer], رجُلٌ لَهُ عَلَى اآخَرَ دَيْنٌ فَكَافَرَهُ بِهِ سِنِينَ [ A man who owed to another a debt, and denied to him, in the case of it, for years ], he seems to have made it imply the meaning of المُمَاطَلَة, and therefore to have made it trans. in the same manner as المماطلة is trans. (Mgh.)

4 اكفرهُ ذ , (S, A, Mgh, K,) and ↓ كفّرهُ, (A, Mgh, Msb,) [the latter of which is the more common in the present day,] He called him a كَافِر [i. e. a disbeliever, an unbeliever, or an infidel ]: (S, Mgh, K:) he attributed, or imputed to him, charged him with, or accused him of, disbelief, or infidelity: (S, A, Msb:) or he said to him كَفَرْتَ [ Thou hast become an unbeliever, or infidel, or Thou hast blasphemed: in this last sense, “ he said to him Thou hast blasphemed, ” كفّرهُ, to which alone it is assigned in the Msb, is very commonly used in the present day]. (Msb.) Hence the saying, لَا تُكْفِرْ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ قِبْلَتِكَ Do not thou attribute or impute disbelief or infidelity to any one of the people of thy kibleh; (S, TA;) i. e., do not thou call any such a disbeliever, &c.; or do not thou make him such by thine assertion and thy saying. (TA.) لَا تُكَفِّرُوا أَهْلَ قِبْلَتِكُمْ is not authorized by the relation, though it be allowable as a dial. form. (Mgh.) ― -b2- [Also] أَكْفَرْتُهُ, inf. n. اـِكْفَارٌ, I made him a disbeliever, an unbeliever, or an infidel; I compelled him to become a disbeliever, &c. (Msb.) And أَكْفَرَ فُلَانٌ صَاحِبَهُ Such a one compelled his companion by evil treatment to become disobedient after he had been obedient. (Mgh.) And أَكْفَرَ الرَّجُلُ مُطِيعَهُ The man compelled him who had obeyed him to disobey him: (T, TA:) or he made him to be under a necessity to disobey him. (TA.) -A2- اكفر He (a man, TA) kept, or confined himself, to the كَفْر, (K,) i. e. قَرْيَة [ town or village ]; (TA;) as also ↓ اكتفر. (IAar, K.)

5 تكفّر بِالسِّلَاحِ ذ He covered himself with the arms. And تكفّر بِالثَّوْبِ He enveloped himself entirely with the garment. (A.)

8 اـِكْتَفَرَ see 4, last signification.

كَفْرٌ ذ The darkness and blackness of night; [because it conceals things;] as also, sometimes, ↓ كِفْرٌ. (S, K.) [See also كَافِرٌ.] See a verse cited voce ذُكَاآءُ. -A2- Earth, or dust; because it conceals what is beneath it. (Lh.) -A3- [Hence also] A grave, or sepulchre: (S, K:) pl. كُفُورٌ. (S.) Whence the saying, أَللّهُمَّ ا@غْفِرْ لِأَهْلِ الكُفُورِ [ O God, pardon the people of the graves ]. (S.) -A4- [And hence, perhaps,] A town, or village; [generally the latter;] syn. قَرْيَةٌ: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) a Syriac word, and mostly used by the people of Syria [and of Egypt]: or, accord. to El-Harbee, land that is far from men, by which no one passes: (TA:) pl. كُفُورٌ: (S, Msb:) in the present day, it is applied in Egypt to any small قَرْيَة [or village ] by the side of a great قَرْيَة [or town ]: they say القَرْيَةُ الفُلَانِيَّةُ وَكَفْرُهَا [ Such a town and its village ]: and sometimes one قَرْيَة has a number of كُفُور. (TA.) Hence the saying of Mo'áwiyeh, أَهْلُ الكُفُورِ هُمْ أَهْلُ القُبُورِ [ The people of the villages are the people of the graves ]; meaning, that they are as the dead; they do not see the great towns and the performance of the congregational prayers of Friday: (S, Mgh:) by الكفور he meant the villages (القُرَى) remote from the great towns and from the places where the people of science assemble, so that ignorance prevails among their inhabitants, and they are most quickly affected by innovations in religion and by natural desires which cause to err. (Az, TA.) Hence also the trad. (of Aboo-Hureyreh, TA), لَيُخْرِجَنَّكُمُ ا@لرُّومُ مِنْهَا كَفْرًا كَفْرًا [ The Greeks will assuredly expel you from them, town by town, or village by village ]; (S, * TA;) i. e. from the فُرًى of Syria. (S, TA.) ― -b2- كَفْرٌ عَلَى كَفْرٍ also signifies One upon another; or one part upon another. (TA.)

كُفْرٌ ذ : see 1. [As a simple subst., Ingratitude, &c. ― -b2- And particularly Denial, or disacknowledgment, of favours or benefits, and especially of those conferred by God: and disbelief, unbelief; infidelity. ] It is of four kinds: كُفْرُ اـِنْكَارٍ the denial, or disacknowledgment, of God, with the heart and the tongue, having no knowledge of what is told one of the unity of God [&c.]: and كُفْرُ جُحُودٍ the acknowledgment with the heart without confessing with the tongue: [or the disacknowledgment of God with the tongue while the heart acknowledges Him: ] and كُفْرُ المُعَانَدَةِ the knowledge of God with the heart, and confession with the tongue, with refusal to accept [ the truth ]: and كُفْرُ النِّفَاقِ the confession with the tongue with disbelief in the heart: all of these are unpardonable: (L, TA:) the greatest كُفْر is the denial, or disacknowledgment, of the unity [ of God ], or of the prophetic office [ of Mohammad and others ], or of the law of God. (El-Basáïr.) [Also, Blasphemy. Its pl., as a simple subst. in all these senses, is said to be كُفُورٌ.]. Akh says, that كُفُورًا [in the accus. case] in the Kur xvii. 101, [to which may be added v. 91 of the same ch., and xxv. 52,] is pl. of كُفْرٌ, like as بُرُودٌ is pl. of بُرْدٌ. (S.) -A2- Tar, or pitch, syn. قِيرٌ; with which ships are smeared; (K;) of which there are three sorts, كُفْرٌ and قِيرٌ and زِفتٌ: كفر is melted, and then ships are smeared with it: [whence, app., its name, from its being a covering:] زفت is used for smearing skins for wine, &c. (ISh.)

كِفْرٌ ذ : see كَفْرٌ.

كَفَرٌ ذ : see كَافُورٌ.

كَفْرَةٌ ذ : see كَافِرٌ.

كُفَرَّى ذ , and its variations: see كَافُورٌ.

كَفُورٌ ذ : see كافر.

كَفَّارٌ ذ : see كافر.

كَفَّارَةٌ ذ a subst. from تَكْفِيرُ اليَمِينِ, (S,) or an intensive epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates; signifying [ An expiation for a sin or crime or a violated oath; ] an action, or a quality, which has the effect of effacing a wrong action or sin or crime; (TA;) that which covers, or conceals, sins or crimes; such as the كفّارة of oaths [ violated ], and that of [ the kind of divorce termed ] ظِهَار, and of unintentional homicide; (T, TA;) an expiation (مَا كُفِّرَ بِهِ), such as an alms-giving, and a fasting, and the like: (K:) pl. كَفَّارَاتٌ. (T, TA.)

كَافِرٌ ذ A sower: (S, K:) or a tiller of the ground: (Msb:) because he covers over the seed with earth: (S, Msb: *) pl. كُفَّارٌ. (S, TA.) The pl. is said by some to be thus used in the Kur lvii. 19. (TA.) ― -b2- Dark clouds, or a dark cloud; (K;) because it conceals what is beneath it. (TA.) ― -b3- Night: (K:) or intensely black night; because it conceals everything by its darkness. (S.) ― -b4- The darkness; (K;) because it covers what is beneath it; (TA;) as also ↓ كَفْرَةٌ, accord. to the copies of the K; but in the L, كَفْرٌ, q. v. (TA.) ― -b5- The sea; (S, A, K;) for the same reason. (TA.) Thaalabeh Ibn- So'eyr El-Mazinee says, (S, TA,) describing a male and a female ostrich and their returning to their eggs at sunset, (TA,) فَتَذَكَّرَا ثَقَلًا رَثِيدًا بَعْدَمَا أَلْقَتْ ذُكَاآءُ يَمِينَهَا فِى كَافِرِ [ And they remembered goods placed side by side, after the sun had cast its right side into a sea ]; i. e., the sun had begun to set: or the poet may mean [by كافر] night: (S, TA:) but Sgh says, that the right reading is تَذَكَّرَتْ; the pronoun referring to the female ostrich. (TA.) ― -b6- Also, A great river: (S, K:) used in this sense by El-Mutalemmis: (S:) and a great valley. (K.) ― -b7- [A man] staying, or abiding, [in a place,] and hiding himself. (TA.) [See an ex. voce عَرْشٌ.] ― -b8- [A man] wearing arms; covered with arms: (Az, K:) as also ↓ مُكَفِّرٌ (A, K) and ↓ مُتَكَفِّرٌ (S, A) and ↓ مُكَفَّرٌ: (A:) or this last signifies bound fast in iron; (K, TA;) as though covered and concealed by it: (TA:) pl. of the first, كُفَّارٌ. (K.) Hence the following, (K,) said by Mohammad during the pilgrimage of valediction, (TA,) لَا تَرْجِعُوا بِعْدِى كُفَّارًا يَضْرِبُ بَعْضُكُمْ رِقَابَ بَعْضٍ (K) [ Do not ye become again, after me, i. e., after my death,] wearers of arms, preparing yourselves for fight, [ one party of you smiting the necks of others; ] as though he meant thereby to forbid war: (AM, TA:) or [ do not ye become unbelievers, after me, &c.; i. e.,] do not ye call people unbelievers, and so become unbelievers [yourselves]. (AM, K, TA.) ― -b9- A coat of mail; (Sgh, K;) because it conceals what is beneath it. (TA.) ― -b10- One who has covered his coat of mail with a garment worn over it. (S.) ― -b11- كَافِرُ الدُّرُوعِ A garment that is worn over the coat of mail. (A.) -A2- One who denies, or disacknowledges, the favours or benefits of God: (K:) [ ungrateful; unthankful; especially to God: ] one who denies, or disacknowledges, the unity [ of God ], and the prophetic office [ of Mohammad and others ], and the law of God, altogether, accord. to the common conventional acceptation: a disbeliever; an unbeliever; an infidel; a miscreant; contr. of مُؤْمِنٌ: (El- Basáïr:) because he conceals the favours of God: (S:) or because his heart is covered; as though it were of the measure فَاعِلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ: (IDrd, TA:) or because كُفْر covers his heart altogether: (Lth, TA:) i. e. having a covering to his heart: or because, when God invites him to acknowledge his unity, He invites him to accept his favours; and when he refuses to do so, he covers the favour of God, excluding it from him: (Az, TA:) fem. with ة: (S, Msb, K:) pl. masc. كَفَرَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the most common pl. of كافر in the first of the senses explained above, (El-Basáïr,) and كُفَّارٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the most common pl. of the same in the last of those senses, as contr. of مؤمن, (El-Basáïr,) and كِفَارٌ (S, K) and كَافِرُونَ: (Msb:) and pl. fem. كَوَافِرُ (S, Msb, K) and كَافِرَاتٌ: (Msb:) and ↓ رَجُلٌ كَفَّارٌ, and ↓ كَفُورٌ signify the same as كَافِرٌ: (K:) or كَفُورٌ is an intensive epithet, meaning very ungrateful, or unthankful, [&c., especially to God ]: so in the Kur xxii. 65, and xliii. 14: and كَفَّارٌ has a more intensive signification than كَفُورٌ, [meaning habitually ungrateful, &c.:] os in the Kur ا 23: but sometimes it is used in the sense of كَفُورٌ; as in the Kur xiv. 37: (ElBasáïr:) ↓ كَفُورٌ is fem. as well as masc.; (TA;) and its pl. is كُفُرٌ, (K, * TA,) also both masc. and fem.; and it has no unbroken pl. (TA.) ― -b2- Also, simply, Denying, or disacknowledging; a denier, or disacknowledger: followed byبِ before the thing denied: pl. كَافِرُونَ: (S, TA;) so in the Kur ii. 38, (TA,) and xxviii. 48. (S, TA.) ― -b3- [Also, Blaspheming; a blasphemer. ] -A3- See also كَافُورٌ.

كَافُورٌ ذ The spathe, or envelope of the طَلْع [or spadix ], (As, S, K, TA,) or upper covering thereof, (TA,) of a palm-tree; (As, S, K, TA;) the كِمّ of a palm-tree: (Mgh, Msb:) as also ↓ كُفَرَّى, (S, Mgh, Msb,) with damm to the ك and fet-h to the ف and teshdeed to the ر, (Mgh, Msb,) or كُفُرَّى, [so in the copies of the K, and so I have found it written in other works, so that both forms appear to be correct,] and كَفَرَّى and كِفِرَّى, (K, * TA,) and ↓ كَافِرٌ (AHn, K) and ↓ كَفَرٌ: (K:) so called because it conceals what is within it: (Mgh, Msb:) or, accord. to AA and Fr, the طَلْع [by which they probably mean the spathe, for, as is said in the Mgh, it is applied by some to the كِمّ (or spathe ) before it bursts open ]: (S:) [↓ كفرّى is sometimes masc., though more properly and commonly fem.:] IAar says, I heard Umm-Rabáh say. هٰذِهِ كفرّى and هٰذَا كفّرى: (TA:) the pl. of كَافُورٌ is كَوَافِيرُ; and the pl. of كَافِرٌ is كَوَافِرُ. (TA.) ― -b2- Also (tropical:) The زَمَع of the grape-vine; (K, TA;) i. e., the leaves which cover what is within them of the raceme; likened to the كافور of the طلع; (TA;) the كِمّ [or calyx ] of the grapes, before the blossom comes forth; because they cover the unopened raceme; accord. to IF, as also ↓ كُفَرَّى: (Msb:) pl. كَوَافِيرُ and كَوَافِرُ, accord. to the K; but it is well known that the former is pl. of كافور, and the latter of كافر. (TA.) ― -b3- And, accord. to some, (assumed tropical:) The envelope [or calyx ] of any plant. (TA.) -A2- [ Camphor; ] a kind of perfume, (S, K,) well known, from certain trees [ the laurus camphora of Linn. ] in the mountains of the sea of India and China, which afford shadow to many people or creatures, (K,) by reason of its greatness and its many spreading branches, (TA,) which leopards or panthers frequent, and the wood of which is white and easily broken; the كافور is found within it, and is of various kinds, in colour red, and becoming white only by تَصْعِيد [or sublimation ]. (K.) -A3- Accord. to the M, A mixture of perfume, composed of the spathe (كافور) of the spadix of the palm-tree. (TA.) -A4- A certain spring, or fountain, in paradise. (Fr. K.) So in the Kur [lxxvi. 5,] اـِنَّ ا@لْأَبْرَارَ يَشْرَبُونَ مِنْ كَأْسٍ كَانَ مِزَاجُهَا كَافُورًا [ Verily the pious shall drink a cup of wine whereof the mixture is Káfoor ]. (Fr.) IDrd says, that it should be imperfectly decl., because it is a fem. [proper] name, determinate, of more than three letters; but it is made perfectly decl. for the conformity of the ends of the verses: Th says, that it is made perfectly decl. because it is used by way of comparison; and that if it were a [proper] name of the spring, or fountain, it would be imperfectly decl.: Th means, says ISd, whereof the mixture is like كافور [or camphor ]: and Zj says, that it may mean that the taste of perfume and كافور is in it, or that it is mixed with كافور. (TA.) -A5- A certain plant, (Lth, K,) [which I believe to he the same as the camphorata Monspeliensis, see my “ Thousand and One Nights, ” ch. xxviii. note 6,] of sweet odour, (ISd, K,) the flower of which is (Lth, K) white, (Lth,) like the flower of the أُقْحُوَان [or camomile]. (Lth, K.) -A6- IDrd says, I do not think the كافور is Arabic, because they sometimes say قَفُورٌ and قَافُورٌ. (TA.)

أَكْفَرُ ذ [ More, or most, ungrateful or unthank- ful, especially to God; or disbelieving or unbelieving ]. (TA.)

تَكْفِيرٌ ذ , as a subst., The crown of a king. (ISd, K.)

مُكْفَّرٌ ذ A bird covered with feathers. (A.) See also كَافِرٌ: and see مَكْفُورٌ. -A2- One who, though beneficent, is regarded, or treated, with ingratitude; (K;) a benefactor whose beneficence is not gratefully acknowledged. (A.)

مُكَفِّرٌ ذ : see كَافِرٌ.

رَمَادٌ مَكْفُورٌ ذ Ashes upon which the wind has swept the dust so that it has covered them. (S.) See also مُكَفَّرٌ.

مُتَكَفِّرٌ ذ : see كَافِرٌ.

See Supplement

Q. Q. 1 كَوْكَبَ, (S, K,) inf. n. كَوْكَبَةٌ (K) It (iron) glistened; was lustrous, or bright. (S, K.) See also مُكَوْكِبٌ.

كَوْكَبٌ ذ i. q. نَجْمٌ, A star; an asterism; a constellation: as also ↓ كَوْكَبَةٌ: (S, K:) or الكوكبة is an appellation given to the planet Venus; and for the rest of the stars, the masc. word كوكب is used: (Az:) but Venus is called also الكوكب. (MF.) [Pl. كَوَاكِبُ.] ― -b2- Accord. to Lth, كوكب is a quadriliteral-radical word; the و being a radical letter: it is also said to be from وكب, or from كوب; though ك is not one of the letters of augmentation; so that here it must be augmentative contrary to rule. (TA.) [But I rather think that it is an arabicized word, from the Hebrew כוֹכָב ; and that ignorance of its being so has caused the Arabs to dispute respecting its formation.] ― -b3- ذَهَبُوا تَحْتَ كُلِّ كَوْكَبٍ They became dispersed [as though under every tract of heaven]. (AO, S, K.) ― -b4- كَوْكَبٌ (assumed tropical:) Drops [ of dew ] that fall upon herbage in the night, (K,) and become like stars. (TA.) ― -b5- The source, or spring, of a well. (K.) ― -b6- Water. (El-Muärrij, K.) ― -b7- (assumed tropical:) The lustre, or brightness, or glistening, of iron. (S, K.) ― -b8- (assumed tropical:) A sword. (K.) ― -b9- A nail: (K:) [or more probably, (assumed tropical:) its head, as in Golius] ― -b10- كَوْكَبٌ (AZ, K) and ↓ كَوْكَبَةٌ (TA) (assumed tropical:) A whiteness in the eye: (K:) a whiteness in the black part of the eye, whether the sight be gone in consequence thereof, or not. (AZ.) ― -b11- كَوْكَبٌ A tract, such as is termed خِطَّة, differing in colour from the land in which it lies. (K.) ― -b12- (assumed tropical:) A youth nearly of the age of puberty: (K:) a youth who has attained the period of adolescence, and whose face has become beautiful, is called كَوْكَبٌ مُمْتَلِئٌ (a full star), like as he is called بَدْرٌ. (TA.) [See شَادِخٌ, and مُطَبِّخُ.] ― -b13- (assumed tropical:) The chief, lord, or prince, and horseman, or cavalier, of a people. (K.) ― -b14- (assumed tropical:) A man with his arms; an armed man. (K.) ― -b15- (assumed tropical:) What is tall of plants. (K.) ― -b16- A mountain: (K [but Freytag mentions, that in some copies, for جَبَلٌ, is read خَيْلٌ, horses and horsemen, or a troop of horse: ]) or the main part thereof. (TA.) ― -b17- The greater part, chief part, main, gross, mass, or bulk, of a thing: (S, K:) as of herbage, water, an army. (TA.) ― -b18- (tropical:) The flower, or flowers, of a garden, or meadow. (TS, K.) ― -b19- The فُطْر [ toadstool, or mushroom ], a well-known plant: (AHn, K:) I do not mention it, says AHn, from a learned man: but كوكب is [explained by lexicologists only as] the name of a well-known plant, called كوكبُ الأَرْضِ: (L:) perhaps a species of the فُطْر. (El-Mak- disee, cited by MF.) -A2- Vehemence of heat: (K:) the greater part of the heat. (TA.) ― -b2- The medicament called طَلْق, q. v., [which defends the person who is anointed therewith from the burning of fire]. (K: explained by the words الطَّلْقُ مِنَ الأَدْوِيَةِ: in some copies of the K, من الأَوْدِيَةِ. [This is wrong: كَوْكَبُ الأَرْضِ means Talc: see طَلَقٌ.]) -A3- يَوْمٌ ذُو كَوَاكِبَ A day of difficulties, distresses, or calamities. (K.) -A4- كَوْكَبٌ A place of con- finement. (K.)

كَوْكَبَةٌ ذ see كَوْكَبٌ. -A2- An assembly; a company; a congregated body. (K.) Said by some to be figurative in this sense.

دَعَوْا دَعْوَةً كَوْكَبِيَّةً ذ [ They uttered an imprecation like that of Kowkebeeyeh ]: a proverb. الكَوْكَبِيَّةُ was a town the people of which were oppressed by its governor, wherefore they uttered an imprecation against him, and he died immediately after it. (K.)

أَمْعَزُ مُكَوْكِبٌ ذ (assumed tropical:) A hard tract with glistening pebbles: also called ضُحًى مُكَوْكِبٌ. (TA.)

See Supplement

1 كَلَأَهُ ذ , (S, K,) aor. كَلَاَ , inf. n. كَلْءٌ (K) and كِلَاآءَةٌ (S, K) and كِلَاآءٌ (K) [but respecting this last see a verse of Jemeel cited below], He (i. e. God, S) guarded him, or kept him, or kept him safely. (S, K.) ― -b2- اـِذْهَبُوا فِى كِلَاآءَةِ اللّٰهِ Go ye in the safe keeping of God. (S, TA.) ― -b3- In the following verse of Jemeel, فَكُونِى بِخَيْرٍ فِى كِلَاآءِ وَغِبْطَةٍ وَاـِنْ كُنْتِ قَدْ أَزْمَعْتِ صَرْمِى وَبِغْضَتِى [ Then be thou in prosperity, in safe keeping ( of God ), and in happy condition, even if thou have firmly resolved to cut me and to detest me ], كِلَاآءٌ may be an inf. n.; or it may be pl. of كِلَأءَةٌ; or it may be put for كِلَاآءَةٌ, the ة being elided by a necessary poetical licence. (Abu-l- Hasan.) ― -b4- The verb is also used without hemzeh, thus; كَلَاتُ, يَكْلُوكُمْ; and كَلَيْتُ, يَكْلَاكُمْ; in the dial. of Kureysh; inf. n. كِلَايَةٌ: as the pass. part. n. of both, مَكْلُوٌّ is more commonly used than مَكْلِىٌّ, which is correctly used as the pass. part. n. of كَلَيْتُ. (TA.) ― -b5- كَلَأَ القَوْمَ (assumed tropical:) He acted as a scout (رَبِيْئَة) for the party, or people. (TA.) ― -b6- كَلَأَ بَصَرَهُ فِى شَىْءٍ, (K, TA, [in the CK نَظَرَهُ,]) or ↓ أَكْلَأَهُ, (S,) He repeatedly turned his eye to a thing; looked at it again and again. (S, K.) ― -b7- كَلَأَ النَّجْمَ (tropical:) He watched the star, to see when it would rise. (A.) -A2- كَلَأَ الدَّيْنُ, (S, K,) or كَلُؤَ, inf. n. كُلُوءٌ, act. part. n. كَالِئٌ, (A,) The debt, or its payment, was put off, or postponed, or delayed. (S, A, K.) ― -b2- كَلَأَ عُمْرُهُ (tropical:) His life came to an end: (K:) or was long, and was delayed. (A.) ― -b3- كَلَأَ [unless this be a mistake for ↓ كلّأ] He postponed, or delayed, a thing. (TA, art. نَسَأَ.) -A3- كَلَأَ, (K,) inf. n. كَلْءٌ, (As,) He beat with a whip. (As, K.) -A4- كَلَأَتِ النَّاقَةُ, (S, K,) and ↓ اكلأت, (S,) The she-camel ate كَلَأ, or herbage. (A 'Obeyd, S, K.) -A5- كَلَأَتِ الأَرْضُ, (K,) and كَلِئَت, and ↓ اكلأت, (S, K,) inf. n. اـكْلَاآءٌ, (TA,) and ↓ استكلأت, (K,) The land contained, (S,) or abounded with, (K,) كَلَأ, or herbage. (S, K.)

2 كلّأ ذ , inf. n. تَكْلِىْءٌ and تَكْلِئَةٌ, He brought a ship near to the bank of the river, (K,) and moored it. (TA.) ― -b2- كلّأ (assumed tropical:) He retained, detained, or confined, a person: (K:) app. from the verb as used with reference to a ship; and therefore tropical. (TA.) ― -b3- كلّأ, (K,) inf. n. تَكْلِىْءٌ, (TA,) He came to a place, and stopped there. (TA.) ― -b4- كلّأ, inf. n. تَكْلِئَةٌ, He came to a place sheltered from the wind. (S) ― -b5- كلّأ He came to a person (K) on an affair. (TA.) -A2- كلّأ فِى أَمْرٍ (tropical:) He looked into, or considered attentively, a thing. (K.) See 4. ― -b2- كلّأفِيهِ (tropical:) He regarded him attentively, and was pleased with him. (TA.) -A3- كلّأ فِى الطَّعَامِ وَغَيْرِهِ, inf. n. تَكْلِىْءٌ; (S, * TA;) and ↓ اكلأ, (S, K,) inf. n. اـِكْلَاآءٌ; (S;) He paid in advance (أَسْلَمَ, K, and أَسْلَفَ, S, K) for corn or other food, &c. (S, K, TA.) [Here the original signification of postponement or delay is involved: for he who pays in advance for a thing grants a delay in the delivery thereof.] IAar cites the following verse: فَمَنْ يُحْسِنْ اـِلَيْهِمْ لَا يُكَلَِّئْ اـِلَى جَازٍ بِذَاكَ وَلَا كَرِيمِ [ So that he who does a good action to them does not pay in advance to one who will recompence for that ( action ), nor to him who is generous ]. (TA.) See 1 and 5.

3 كالأ ذ , inf. n. مُكَالَأَةٌ, and كِلَأءٌ, He watched, or observed. (TA.)

4 أَكْلَاَ See 1 in three places. -A2- اكلأت عَيْنُهُ (tropical:) His eye was sleepless, or wakeful. (A.) ― -b2- اكلأ عَيْنَهُ, and ↓ كلّأ, (tropical:) He made his eye sleepless, or wakeful. (A.) -A3- اكلأ عُمُرَهُ (tropical:) He brought his life to its close. (K.) See 1.

5 تكلّأ ذ ; and ↓ كلّأ, inf. n. تَكْلِىْءٌ; He bought on credit. [This is the explanation given in the TK, and it appears to be correct. It is also there said, that تَكَلَّأْتُهُ signifies أَخَذْتُهُ نَسْيْئَةً, I took it, or bought it, on credit: and كَلَّأْتُ فِى الطَّعَامِ, اخذته بالنّسيئةِ, I took, or bought, the food on credit, but the latter I render differently. (See 2, above.) In the K we read الكَالِئُ والكُلْأَةُ بِالضَّمِّ النَّسِيْئَةُ والعُرْبُونُ وتَكَلَّأْتُ وكَلَّأْتُ تَكْلِيْئًا أخَذْتُهُ. IbrD thinks that the last word should be أخَّرْتُ “ I postponed, or delayed ”: but I rather think that it should be أَخَذْتُهَا, meaning أَخَذْتُ نَسِيْئَةً I took, or bought, on credit. in the TA we read, AO says, تَكَلَّأْتُ كُلْأَةً وكَلَّأْتُ تَكْلِيْئًا اـِسْتَنْسَأْتُ نَسِيْئَةَ أَىْ أَخَذْتُهُ وَالنَّسِيْئَةُ التَّأْخِيرُ وَكَذٰلِكَ اـِسْتَكْلَأْتُ كُلْأَةً: but the words اى اخذته seem to have been added by SM; for in the S we find, on the authority of AO, تَكَلَّأْتُ أَىْ ا@سْسَنْسَأْتُ نَسِيْئَةً وَكَذٰلِكَ ا@سْتَكْلَأْتُ كُلْأَةً بِالضَّمِّ وَهُوَ مِنَ التَّأْخِيرِ: whence it seems, that تكلّأ, (or تكلّأ كُلْأَةً, and كُلْأَةً ↓ كلّأ, see above,) and كُلأَةً ↓ الستكلأ, signify He asked for a delay of the period of the payment of a debt. ] See 8.

8 اكتلأ مِنْهُ ذ (assumed tropical:) He preserved, or guarded, himself from him or it; had a care of, or was cautious of, him or it. (S, K. *) ― -b2- اكتلأت عَيْنى (assumed tropical:) My eye was wakeful, vigilant, or cautious. (S.) -A2- اكتلأ كُلْأَةً, and ↓ تكلّأها, He received a كُلْأَة [i. e., an earnest, or money paid in advance ]. (K.)

10 اـِسْتَكْلَاَ see 1 and 5.

كَلَأٌ ذ Fresh herbage; syn. عُشْبٌ: (S, K:) applied to the عُرْوَة, نصِىّ, and صِلِّيَان: (Az:) or pasture, or what cattle &c. feed upon: (TA:) or herbage. whether fresh or dry either fresh pasture or fodder: (S, K:) or it comprises the صِلَّيَان نَصِىّ, حَلَمَة, شِيح, عَرْفَج, the various kinds of عُرْوَة, and what are termed عُشْب, بَقْل, and the like: or it is applied to the herbs called بقل, and to trees: a gen. n., having no sing.; or its sing. is كَلَاآءٌ. (TA.)

كُلْأَةٌ ذ : see 5 and كَالئٌ.

أَرْضٌ كَلِئَةٌ ذ , (S, K,) and ↓ مَكْلَأْةٌ, (K,) and ↓ مُكْلِئَةٌ, (S,) A land containing, (S,) or abounding with, (K,) كَلَأ, or herbage. (S, K.) ― -b2- The ↓ last is also said to signify A land with the pasture of which its camels have been satiated. (TA.) ― -b3- See a trad. quoted in art. فَضْلٌ.

عَيْنٌ كَلُوْءٌ ذ (tropical:) A strong eye, which sleep does not overcome. (TA.) ― -b2- كَلُوْءٌ العَيْنِ (tropical:) A man, or a camel, (male or female,) having a strong eye, which sleep does not overcome: (K:) or, a sleepless, or wakeful, eye. (A.) ― -b3- مَرْأَةٌ كَلُوْءُ اللَّيْلِ (tropical:) [ A woman who is sleepless at night ]. (TA.) See 4.

كَلَّاآءٌ ذ and ↓ مُكَلَّأٌ A station of ships, (S, K,) near the bank of a river, or near what is called the جُدّ: (TA:) the former is masc. and fem.; or, accord. to Sb, it is of the measure فَعَّالٌ; and therefore masc., and perfectly declinable: (S:) so called because it keeps the vessels safe (يَكْلَؤُهَا) from the wind: but accord. to Th, it is of the measure فَعْلَاآءُ; and therefore fem., [and imperfectly declinable; from كَلَّ;] so called because the wind there becomes slackened: or a place where ships are moored, near the bank of a river: (TA:) or a place sheltered from the wind. (S.) ― -b2- Also, The bank of a river. (S, K.) ― -b3- Dual of كلّاء, كَلَّا اآنِ and كَلَّاوَانِ: pl. كَلَّأُوونَ. (TA.) ― -b4- مَنْ عَرَّضَ عَرَّضْنَا لَهُ وَمَنْ مَشَى عَلَى الكَلَّاآءِ أَلْقَيْنَاهُ فِى النَّهْرِ, (TA,) or قَذَفْنَاهُ فِى النَّهْرِ, (K in art. عرض,) or فى المَاآءِ, (TA in that art.) (tropical:) Him who indirectly calumniates we will treat in a similar manner; (meaning, we will inflict upon him a chastisement less than that termed الحَدّ;) and him who walks upon the bank of the river (i. e., who openly calumniates, and so, as it were, embarks on the river of the حُدُود, [pl. of حَدٌّ,]) we will cast into that river; meaning, we will inflict upon him the chastisement termed الحَدّ. (TA; and K * in art. عرض.)

كَالِئٌ ذ (S, K) and ↓ كُلْأَةٌ (K) i. q. نَسِيْئَةٌ, [app. bearing both of the two significations immediately following, and clearly shown in the S &c. to bear the latter of them: A postponement, or delay, in the time of the payment of a debt, &c. See also نُسْأَةٌ, and كَلَأَ. ― -b2- Also, both words, like نَسِيْئَةٌ, A debt of which the payment is deferred by a creditor to a future period. ] (S, K.) ― -b3- Ex., نَهَى عَنِ الكَالِئِ بِالكَالِئ, i. e., النَّسِيْئَة بالنَّسِيْئَة, He (Mohammad) forbade [ exchanging ] a debt to be paid at a future time for a similar debt. (S, TA.) [See the Jámi' es-Sagheer, and Mishkát el-Masábeeh, ii., 21.] What is forbidden by this is, a man's buying a thing on credit for a certain period, and, when the period of payment is come, and he finds not that wherewith to pay the debt, his saying, Sell it to me on credit for a further period, for something additional: whereupon he [thus] sells it to him: (TK:) or, a man's paying money for, wheat, or the like, to be given at a certain period, and, when the period comes, the debtor's saying, I have not wheat; etc.; but sell thou it to me on credit for a certain period. (AObeyd, Msb.) See أَجَلٌ.] كَالٍ is also used for كَالِئٌ. (S.) [See an ex. voce نَاجِزٌ.] The pl. of the latter is كوَالِئُ. (TA.) ― -b4- Also ↓ كُلُأَةٌ, Money paid at a period after the purchase, for food. (S.) ― -b5- Also كَالِئٌ and ↓ كُلْأَةٌ, An earnest, or money paid in advance. (K.)

أَكْلَأُ ذ (tropical:) Longer, or longest; more, or most, protracted. (TA.) ― -b2- بَلَغَ اللّٰهُ بِكَ أَكْلَأَ العُمُرِ (S, A) i. e. (tropical:) [ May God cause thee to reach, or attain, ] the extreme, or most distant, period of life! (S, TA.)

مَكْلَأَةٌ ذ and مُكْلِئَةٌ: see كَلِئَةٌ.

للْعَيْنِ فِيهَا مَكْلُوْءٌ ذ (tropical:) The eye is constantly fixed upon her: [or has in her an object that is watched ( by it ):] as though watching her because pleased with her. (A.)