Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

5 تَعَدَّوَ see 1, first quarter, in two places: and see 4. ― -b2- [Hence تعدّى said of a verb, It was, or became, transitive. ] ― -b3- تعدّى الحَقَّ: and تعدّى عَلَيْهِ: see 1, second quarter, in two places. -A2- تَعَدَّوْا They found milk, (K, TA,) which they drank, (TA,) and it rendered them in no need of wine: (K, TA:) so in the copies of the K; but correctly, of flesh-meat, as in the M. (TA.) ― -b2- And They found pasturage for their cattle, and it rendered them in no need of purchasing fodder. (K, * TA.) -A3- And تعدّى مَهْرَ فُلَانَةَ He took, or received, the dowry, or bridal gift, of such a woman. (K.)

6 تعادى القَوْمُ ذ The people, or party, became affected, [or infected, ] or smitten, (S, TA,) one with the disease of another, or one with the like of the disease of another: (S:) or died, one after another, (S, TA,) in one month, and in one year. (TA.) And تعادت الاـِبِلُ The camels died in great numbers. (TA.) ― -b2- And تعادى القَوْمُ عَلَىَّ بِنَصْرِهِمْ The people, or party, came upon me consecutively with their aid, or assistance. (TA.) ― -b3- One says also, تعادى القَوْمُ (S, K) from العَدَاوَةُ (S) meaning The people, or party, treated, or regarded, one another with enmity, or hostility. (K.) ― -b4- And تعادى مَا بَيْنَهُمْ (S, K) The case, or affair, that was between them became in a bad, or corrupt, state, (S,) or complicated, intricate, or confused, so as to be a subject of disagreement, or difference, between them. (K.) ― -b5- And تعادى المَكَانُ The place was, or became, dissimilar in its several parts; and uneven. (TA.) And [hence] one says, بِعُنُقِى وَجَعٌ مِنْ تَعَادِى الوِسَادِ مِنَ المَكَانِ المُتَعَادِى i. e. [ In my neck is a pain from the unevenness of the pillow from ] the uneven place. (TA.) ― -b6- And تعادى He, or it, was, or became, distant, remote, far off, or aloof, (S, * K, * TA,) عَنْهُ from him, or it. (S, TA.) -A2- تعادوا They vied, competed, or contended for superiority, in going the pace termed العَدْو [meaning in running ]. (K, TA.)

8 اـِعْتَدَوَ see 1, second quarter, in three places. ― -b2- الاِعْتِدَاآءُ in supplication [to God] is The exceeding the limits of the [ Prophet's ] rule, or usage, that has been transmitted from generation to generation. (TA.)

10 الاِسْتِعْدَاآءُ ذ signifies The asking, or demanding, of aid, or assistance, (Mgh, Msb,) and of vengeance, or avengement, (Mgh,) and of strengthening: (Msb:) and also the act of aiding, or assisting. (Mgh.) You say, استعداهُ He asked, or demanded, of him (i. e. the prince, or governor, or commander, S, Mgh, Msb) aid, or assistance, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) عَلَيْهِ against him, (S, Mgh, Msb,) namely, one who wronged him: (Mgh, Msb:) [or,] accord. to El-Khuwárezmee (who derives it from العَدِىُّ signifying الرَّجَّالَةُ الَّذِينَ يَعْدُونَ), استعدى [or استعدى القَاضِىَ] means he asked, or demanded, of the judge, that he should make his foot-messengers to run in quest of his antagonist and to bring him, for the purpose of exacting from him his right, or due. (De Sacy's Chrest. Arabe, sec. ed., iii. 100. [And an explanation similar to this, but not a similar derivation, is indicated in the Mgh by an explanation of أَعْدَاهُ, q. v.]) ― -b2- See also 4, last sentence.

عَدَا ذ , as a verb, or a preposition, or both, denoting an exception: see 1, last sentence.

عَدْوٌ ذ an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.] ― -b2- فَعَلَ كَذَا عَدْوًا بَدْوًا means He did thus openly, or publicly. (TA.)

عِدْوٌ ذ : see عِدًى: ― -b2- and see also عَدَاآءٌ.

عَدًى ذ [or عَدًا]: see عُدْوَةٌ, in two places: and عَادٍ, last sentence.

عُدًى ذ : see the next paragraph. -A2- [It is also a pl. of عَدُوٌّ, q. v.]

عِدًى ذ The stones of a grave; as also ↓ عُدًى: (KL:) [i. e.] the broad stones with which the [ oblong excavation called ] لَحْد is covered over: (AA, TA:) or a thin stone with which a thing is concealed, or covered over; as also ↓ عِدَاآءٌ; (K, TA;) the latter written in [a copy of] the M ↓ عَدَاءٌ, like سَحَابٌ; but [the former explanation seems to be the more correct, for] it is added in the K that one thereof is termed ↓ عِدْوٌ; and accord. to this, the word expl. above [or each of the two words expl. above] is a pl. (TA. [See also عِدْوَةٌ.]) ― -b2- And Any piece of wood that is put between two [ other ] pieces of wood. (K, * TA.) -A2- See also عُدْوَةٌ, in two places: and عَادٍ, last sentence: ― -b2- and عُدَوَاآءُ: ― -b3- and عَدَاآءٌ. -A3- [It is also a pl. of عَدُوٌّ, which see in two places. -A4- ] And عِدَى is used as a prefixed n. for عِدَة as syn. with وَعْد. (Fr; S and L in art. وعد, q. v.)

عَدْوَةٌ ذ [inf. n. un. of عَدَا: pl. عَدَوَاتٌ. ― -b2- Hence the saying, السُّلْطَانُ ذُو عَدَوَاتٍ وَذُو بَدَوَاتٍ, expl. voce بَدَاآءٌ, in art. بدو. See another reading of this saying voce عَدَوَانٌ.] ― -b3- [Hence also,] one says, لَهُ عَدْوَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ He has a vehement run of the kind termed عَدْو, inf. n. of عَدَا. (Msb) ― -b4- عَدْوَةُ الأَمَدِ means The extent of the eyesight. (TA.) And one says, هُوَ مِنِّى عَدْوَةَ القَوْسِ [app. meaning He, or it, is at the distance of a bowshot from me ]. (TA.) -A2- See also عُدْوَةٌ. ― -b2- عَدَايَا is used in poetry as a pl. of عدوة [app. عَدْوَةٌ, but in what sense is not shown]. (TA.)

عُدْوَةٌ ذ and ↓ عِدْوَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the former of the dial. of Kureysh and the latter of the dial. of Keys, (Msb,) and ↓ عَدْوَةٌ, (K,) all mentioned by ISd, (TA,) The side of a valley; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ عِدًى; (K;) which last likewise signifies [absolutely] a side, or lateral part or portion; and so ↓ عَدًى; (K, TA; [see both voce عَادٍ, last sentence;]) thus in the M; (TA;) and the pl. is أَعْدَاآءٌ; (K, TA;) or this last signifies [particularly] the sides of a valley, and so do ↓ عِدًى and ↓ عَدًى: (TA:) the pl. of عُدْوَةٌ and ↓ عِدْوَةٌ is عِدَاآءٌ and [of عُدْوَةٌ] عُدَيَاتٌ also. (S.) ― -b2- And عُدْوَةٌ signifies also An elevated place; and so ↓ عِدْوَةٌ: (AA, S, K:) pl. [as above, i. e. of both] عِدَاآءٌ and [of the former] عُدَيَاتٌ [also]. (K. [In some copies of the K, the latter pl. is written عَدَيَاتٌ; in the CK عُدْياتٌ; but it is correctly عُدَيَاتٌ, as above, thus in my copies of the S; and perhaps عِدَيَاتٌ may also be a pl., i. e. of عِدْوَةٌ, being thus written accord. to the TA in copies of the S.]) ― -b3- And A place far extending: (K, TA:) mentioned by ISd. (TA.) ― -b4- See also عَدَاآءٌ. ― -b5- [Reiske, as stated by Freytag, has expl. عُدْوَةٌ as signifying “ Atrium, impluvium domus: ” but this the former has app. done from his having found عدوة erroneously written for عَذِرَة.] -A2- عُدْوَةٌ signifies also The kind of plants, or herbage, termed خُلَّة; i. e., in which is sweetness. (TA.)

عِدْوَةٌ ذ : see عُدْوَةٌ, in three places: ― -b2- and see also عَدَاآءٌ. ― -b3- [Freytag states, as from the Deewán of the Hudhalees, that, accord. to some, it signifies A stone with which a grave, or a well, is covered: and that the pl. is ↓ عَدَاآءٌ: this latter, if correct, is a quasi-pl. n.: but perhaps it is correctly عِدَاآءٌ: see عِدًى, first sentence.] -A2- أُمُور عِدْوَة [app. أُمُورٌ عِدْوَةٌ, or perhaps أُمُورُ عِدْوَةٍ,] signifies Remote affairs. (TA.)

عَدْوَى ذ Mange, or scab, or other disease, that passes, or is transitive, from one to another; (S, K, TA;) a transitive disease; and such is said to be the جَرَب, and the بَرَص, and the رَمَد, and the حَصْبَة, and the جُذَام, and the وَبَاآء, and the جُدَرِىّ. (Kull p. 259.) You say, لَا تُقَرِّبْهُ مِنْهُ فَاـِنَّ بِهِ عَدْوَى Do not thou bring him near to him, for in him is a disease such as the mange, or scab, that is transitive from one to another. (TK.) ― -b2- And The transition of the mange, or scab, or other disease, from him that has it to another: (S, K, TA, TK:) the subst. from يَعْدُو said of the mange, or scab, expl. above, as meaning “ it passes ” &c. (Msb. [See 1, first quarter.]) It is said in a trad., لَا عَدْوَى, i. e. لَا يُعْدِى شَىْءٌ شَيْئًا [ A thing (meaning disease) does not pass by its own agency to a thing ]; (S;) or [lit.] there is no transition of the mange, or scab, or other disease, from him that has it to another. (TK.) ― -b3- And i. q. فَسَادٌ [i. e. Badness, corruptness, unsoundness, &c.]. (K, TA. [In the CK erroneously written in this sense عُدْوٰى; which, however, being an inf. n. of عَدَا in the phrase عَدَا عَلَيْهِ, q. v., may be correctly used as having the same, or nearly the same, meaning.]) So in the saying, بِهِ عَدْوَى [ In him, or it, is badness, &c.]. (TK.) -A2- Also A demand that one makes upon a prefect, or governor, [or judge, ] to aid, or assist, him against him who has wronged him, i. e. to inflict penal retribution on him, (IF, S, Msb,) for his wrongdoing to him. (IF, Msb.) ― -b2- And Aid, or assistance, against a wrongdoer, (S, Mgh, TA,) required of a judge, for the bringing into his presence the antagonist: and also applied to a signet, or a [ sealed ] piece of clay, given by the judge as a token to denote the summoning of him whose presence is required. (Mgh.)

عُدَوَاآءُ ذ (S, K) and ↓ عَادِيَةٌ and ↓ عَدَاآءٌ (K) Distance, or remoteness, (S, K, TA,) as also ↓ عِدًى, (Ham p. 377,) [or particularly] of a house, or an abode, or a dwelling. (S, TA.) [Hence,] one says, طَالَتْ عُدَوَاؤُهُمْ Their distance, or remoteness, one from another, and their separation, was, or became, long. (TA.) ― -b2- Also (i. e. the first and ↓ second and ↓ third words) Occupation, or business, that turns one away, or back, from a thing: (K, TA:) or عُدَوَاآءُ signifies a custom, or habit, of occupation or business: (TA:) and عُدَوَاآءُ الشُّغْلِ, the hindrances, or impediments, of occupation or business: (S, TA:) and one says, جِئْتَنِى وَأَنَا فِى عُدَوَاآءَ عَنْكَ i. e. [ Thou camest to me when I was engaged ] in an occupation that diverted [me from thee ]: (so in one of my copies of the S:) the pl. of ↓ عَادِيَةٌ is عَوَادٍ: (TA:) عَوَادِى الدَّهْرِ means the accidents, or casualties, of time or fortune, that divert [or intervene as obstacles ] by occupying or busying: (S:) and you say, عَوَادِ ↓ عَدَتْ, [lit.] meaning Things, or events, turning away, or back, turned, or have turned, away, or back; [but this phrase, when followed by دُونَ or بَيْنَ, I would rather render, simply, obstacles occurred, or have occurred; ] (S, TA;) thus in the latter of two verses cited voce حَبَّ. (S.) ― -b3- عُدَوَاآءُ الدَّهْرِ means The shifting, and varying, of time or fortune. (TA.) ― -b4- And عُدَوَاآءُ الشَّوْقِ What has severely affected, distressed, or afflicted, its sufferer, of the yearning, or longing, of the soul, or of longing desire. (TA.) ― -b5- And عُدَوَاآءُ signifies also A مَرْكَب [i. e. beast, or saddle, or thing on which one rides, ] that is not easy: (K:) or, accord. to As, a place where he who sits thereon is not in a state of ease: and one says, جِئْتُ عَلَى مَرْكَبٍ ذِى عُدَوَاآءَ i. e. [ I came upon a beast, or saddle, &c.,] that was not easy: (S:) and جِئْتُكَ عَلَى فَرَسٍ ذِى عُدَوَاآءَ, the last word imperfectly decl., i. e. [ I came to thee upon a horse ] that was not easy: (TA:) and جَلَسَ عَلَى عُدَوَاآءَ He sat upon an uneven thing or place; (M, TA;) the last word imperfectly decl., as is said by ISd. (TA.) ― -b6- Also Dry, hard, land; (K, TA;) sometimes occurring in a well when it is dug; and sometimes it is stone, from which the digger turns aside: and one says, أَرْضٌ ذَاتُ عُدَوَاآءَ, meaning land that is not even, or plain; not easy to walk or ride or lie upon: or, as some say, it means a rough, rugged, place: or an elevated place upon which the camel lies down and then reclines thereon upon his side, having by his side a depressed place, which causes him to tend downwards, in consequence whereof he becomes in the state termed تَوَهُّنٌ, [ weak, or languid, and unable to rise, ] i. e. in the condition of extending his body towards the low place while his legs are upon the عُدَوَاآء, which is the elevated, so that he is unable to rise, and dies. (TA.) -A2- And [it is said that] العُدَوَاآءُ also signifies اناخة قليلة [app. اـِنَاخَةٌ قَلِيلَةٌ, meaning A little, or brief, making of a camel to lie down upon the breast, as is done on the occasions of mounting and dismounting &c.]. (TA.)

عُدْوِىٌّ ذ and عُدَوِىٌّ [are rel. ns. of which only the fem. forms are mentioned, in what here follows]. عُدْوِيَّةٌ and عُدَوِيَّةٌ are rel. ns. of عُدْوَةٌ as meaning “ the kind of plants, or herbage, termed خُلَّة, ” the former reg. and the latter irreg.; and عَوَادٍ [pl. of ↓ عَادٍ or of عَادِيَةٌ] is a possessive epithet [from the same], without the relative ى: [all are app. applied to camels, as meaning Having for their pasture the plants, or herbage, called عُدْوَة, above mentioned: but it is immediately added,] and عُدْوِيَّةٌ and عُدَوِيَّةٌ applied to camels signify that pasture upon the [ plants called ] حَمْض: (TA:) and ↓ عَادِيَةٌ and [the pl.] عَوَادٍ, so applied, have this latter meaning accord. to the M and K: but accord. to the S, they are applied to camels as meaning abiding among the [ trees called ] عِضَاه, not quitting them, and not pasturing upon the حَمْض; and so is [the pl.] عَادِيَاتٌ. (TA in another portion of this art.) [See also عَاذِيَةٌ, in art. عذو.]

عِدَوِىٌّ ذ , being a rel. n. of عِدَةٌ, see in art. وعد.

عَدَوِيَّةٌ ذ The herbage of the صَيْف [q. v., here app. meaning spring ], after the departure of the رَبِيع [q. v., here app. meaning winter ]: (S, K:) it is applied to the young trees which then become green and are depastured by the camels: (S:) or, as some say, the [ plants, or herbage, called ] رَبْل [q. v.]. (TA.) ― -b2- And The young ones of sheep or goats. (K.) ― -b3- And Female infants [ of the age ] of forty days; (K, TA; [in the CK, نَبات is erroneously put for بَنَات;]) but when their [ hair termed ] عَقِيقَة has been cut off, this appel-lation is no longer applied to them: so says Lth; but Az pronounces him to have erred: (TA:) or it is with غ (K, TA) and ذ, both dotted, or only the former of them dotted, and one of them is called غَدِىٌّ [or غَدَوِىٌّ, or غَذِىٌّ or غَذَوِىٌّ]: thus in the M, and thus accord. to Az. (TA.)

عُدْوَانٌ ذ [expl. in the S as signifying Sheer or unmixed, wrongful or unjust or injurious or tyrannical conduct, ] is an inf. n. of عَدَا in the phrase عَدَا عَلَيْهِ [q. v.]; (ISd, Msb, K;) as also عِدْوَانٌ. (ISd, K.)

عَدَوَانٌ ذ , applied to a wolf, (S, K,) means يَعْدُو عَلَى النَّاسِ [i. e. That acts aggressively against men ]; (S, TA;) i. q. ↓ عَادٍ [app. in this sense], (K, TA,) which occurs in a trad. applied to a beast of prey, (TA,) an epithet applied to a beast of prey by the Prophet: (Mgh:) one says سَبُعٌ عَادٍ and سِبَاعٌ عَادِيَةٌ. (Msb.) [In the S, immediately after the words يَعْدُو عَلَى النَّاسِ, it is added, and hence their saying, السُّلْطَانُ ذُو عَدَوَانٍ وَذُو بَدَوَانٍ; and thus I find the saying cited as from the S in arts. عدو and بدو of the PS: but I think that عَدَوَانٍ and بَدَوَانٍ, here, are mistranscriptions for عَدَوَاتٍ and بَدَوَاتٍ, as I find them written in my copies of the S and TA in the arts. above mentioned: see عَدْوَةٌ, above; and see بَدَاآءٌ in art. بدو, where it seems to be clearly shown that بَدَوَاتٍ is correct, as pl. of بَدَاةٌ.] ― -b2- Also, (S, K, and Ham p. 81,) and ↓ عَدَّاآءٌ, (Mgh, Msb, K, and Ham ubi suprà,) That runs vehemently, or much; (S, Mgh, Msb, K; *) i. q. شَدِيدُ العَدْوِ, (S, TA,) or كَثِيرُ العَدْوِ; (Ham;) applied to a horse: (Mgh, and Ham:) [and to a man:] الشَّدِيدَةُ, in the K, is a mistake for الشَّدِيدُهُ, meaning الشَّدِيدُ العَدْوِ. (TA.)

عَدَاآءٌ ذ an inf. n. of عَدَا in the phrase عَدَا عَلَيْهِ [q. v.]. (S, Mgh, Msb, K.) ― -b2- And, as also ↓ عِدَاآءٌ, A single طَلَق [or heat; i. e., a single run, at once, to a goal, or limit ]; (K, TA;) of a horse. (TA.) -A2- And عَدَاآءُ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ, (S, K,) as also ↓ عِدَاهُ, (K, TA,) [the latter written in the CK عِداؤُهُ, but] the former is with the lengthened ا and the latter with the shortened ا, (TA,) and ↓ عِدْوُهُ and ↓ عِدْوَتُهُ and ↓ عُدْوَتُهُ, (K,) signify طَوَارُهُ, (S, K,) i. e. [ The equal, of anything, in breadth and length; or] what is coextensive with anything in its breadth and its length. (S, TA.) One says, لَزِمْتُ عَدَاآءَ الطَّرِيقِ, or النَّهْرِ, or الجَبَلِ, meaning طَوَارَهُ [i. e. I kept to the tract coextensive in its breadth and its length with the road, or the river, or the mountain ]. (TA.) -A3- See also عُدَوَاآءُ, first and third sentences. -A4- And see عِدًى, and عِدْوَةٌ.

عِدَاآءٌ ذ : see the next preceding paragraph: -A2- and see also عِدًى.

عَدُوٌّ ذ And enemy, contr. of وَلِىٌّ, (S,) or of صَدِيقٌ, (K,) or of صَدِيقٌ مُوَالٍ; (Msb;) an epithet, but resembling a subst.: (S:) [and (like our word “ enemy ” in military parlance) a hostile party: for] it is used alike as sing. and pl. and masc. and fem.; (Msb, K;) as is said in the “ Muk- tasar el-' Eyn: ” (Msb:) but sometimes it is dualized and pluralized and feminized: (K:) the pl. is أَعْدَاآءٌ; (S, Msb, K;) and the pl. of أَعْدَاآءٌ is أَعَادٍ; (Msb, K; *) and عِدًى and عُدًى are also pls. of عَدُوٌّ; (S, Msb, K; [each improperly termed in the K اِسْمُ جَمْعٍ; for فِعَلٌ and فُعَلٌ are measures of pls., not of quasi-pl. ns.;]) the former said by ISk to be the only pl. of this measure among epithets; (S, Msb; *) and عُدَاةٌ, with damm and with ة, is another pl.; (Th, S, Msb;) and is pl. of ↓ عَادٍ, (K, TA,) which is syn. with عَدُوٌّ; (S, K, TA;) as in the saying of a woman of the Arabs, أَشْمَتَ رَبُّ العَالَمِينَ عَادِيَكَ [ May the Lord of the beings of the universe make thy enemy to rejoice at thy affliction ]: (S, TA:) the fem. form of عَدُوٌّ is عَدُوَّةٌ, (S, Msb,) which is said by Az to be used when the meaning of an epithet is intended: (Msb:) it is said by ISk, (S, TA,) and in the “ Bari', ” (Msb,) that there is no instance of the measure فَعُولٌ in the sense of فَاعِلٌ but its fem. is without ة, except عَدُوَّةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) in the phrase هٰذِهِ عَدُوَّةٌ ا@للّٰهِ [ This woman is the enemy of God ]: accord. to Fr, عَدُوَّةٌ has the affix ة to assimilate it to صَدِيقَةٌ; for a word is sometimes formed to accord with its contr.: (S, TA:) AZ says that he heard certain of the tribe of 'Okeyl say, [of some women,] هُنَّ وَلِيَّاتُ ا@للّٰهِ and عَدُوَّاتُ ا@للّٰهِ and أًوْلِيَاؤُهُ and أَعْدَاؤُهُ [i. e. They are the friends of God and the enemies of God ]. (Msb.) [The pl.] عِدًى signifies also Persons distant, or remote, one from another: (ISd, K, TA:) and (K) strangers, or foreigners: (ISk, S, K, TA:) and such as are distant, or remote, in respect of relationship; or not relations: (TA:) as well as enemies: (M, TA:) كَالأَعْدَاآءِ, which is added in the K after وَالغُرَبَاآءُ, should be وَالأَعْدَاآءُ. (TA.)

عَدِىٌّ ذ is a pl. [or rather a quasi-pl. n.] of عَادٍ, q. v. (S, TA.)

عَدَاوَةٌ ذ Enmity, or hostility; (S, K, TA;) like مُعَادَاةٌ [inf. n. of 3, q. v.]. (TA.)

عَدَّاآءٌ ذ : see عَدَوَانٌ, last sentence.

عَادٍ ذ [act. part. n. of عَدَا, q. v. ― -b2- As such particularly signifying] Acting wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically; transgressing, or exceeding the proper limit: (Msb, TA:) pl. عَادُونَ. (Msb.) Hence the saying, لَا أَشْمَتَ ا@للّٰهُ بِكَ عَادِيَكَ i. e. [ May God not make to rejoice at thy affliction ] him who acts wrongfully to thee. (TA.) [And hence the phrase لِصٌّ عَادِى ظَهْرٍ, expl. in art. ظهر.] See also عَدَوَانٌ. And see عَدُوٌّ, with which it is syn. ― -b3- Also Seizing, or carrying off, by force; or snatching at unawares. (TA.) And العَادِى signifies [particularly] The lion; (K, TA;) because of his injuriousness, and his seizing men and making them his prey. (TA.) ― -b4- ↓ عَدِىٌّ is a pl. of عَادٍ, [or rather a quasi-pl. n.,] like as غَزِىٌّ is of غَازٍ; as such signifying Runners upon their feet: (S, TA:) or a company of men, (K, TA,) in the dial. of Hudheyl, (TA,) that run to the fight (K, TA) and the like: (TA:) or the first, of the footmen, [or foot-soldiers, ] that charge, or assault; (K, TA;) because they run quickly: (TA:) like عَادِيَةٌ, (K, TA,) of which the pl. is عَوَادٍ, (TA,) in both senses: or this signifies the horsemen; (K, TA;) i. e. the first, of the horsemen, that charge, or assault, in a hostile, or predatory, incursion, especially; (TA;) or horses making a hostile, or predatory, incursion; and hence [the pl.] العَادِيَات in the Kur c. 1. (TA in the supplement to this art.) And accord. to ElKhuwárezmee, عَدِىٌّ particularly signifies The foot-messengers of the sovereign, and of the judge, who are made to run in quest of one against whom an accusation has been made, and to bring him, for the purpose of exacting from him the right, or due, of his accuser. (De Sacy's Chrest. Arabe, sec. ed., iii. 100.) -A2- عَادِى العَوَادِى, a phrase used by a poet, is expl. by IAar as meaning The hardest, or most pressing, or most severe, of occupations that turn one away, or back, from a thing. (TA.) -A3- See also عَادٍ and its fem. عَادِيَةٌ voce عُدْوِىٌّ. -A4- عَادِيَا اللَّوْحِ signifies طَرَفَاهُ [ The two extremities, or two sides, of the tablet or the like ]; (K, TA;) each of them being called عادى [i. e. عَادِى اللَّوْحِ, or a mistranscription for عَادٍ], like عِدى [i. e. ↓ عِدًى or ↓ عَدًى, both mentioned above, voce عُدْوَةٌ, as meaning, absolutely, a side, or lateral part or portion ]. (TA.)

عَادِيَةٌ ذ [fem. of.عَادٍ, q. v. -A2- As a subst., it signifies] Wrongdoing, injustice, injuriousness, or tyranny; and evil, or mischief; (S, TA;) as in the saying دَفَعْتُ عَنْكَ عَادِيَةَ فُلَانٍ [ I repelled, or have repelled, from thee the wrongdoing &c., and the evil, or mischief, of such a one ]: (S:) it is an inf. n. [or rather a quasi-inf. n.] like عَاقِبَةٌ: and signifies also sharpness, or hastiness, of temper; and anger. (TA.) Also The harm, or hurt, of poison. (Har p. 304.) -A3- See also عُدَوَاآءُ, in three places. -A4- عَوَادِى الكَرْمِ, (K, TA,) of which عَادِيَةٌ is the sing., (TA,) signifies The grape-vines that are planted at the feet, or roots, of great trees. (K, TA.)

أَعْدَى ذ [a noun denoting the comparative and superlative degrees, and having several different significations]. أَعْدَى مِنَ الجَرَبِ More transitive, or wont to pass from one to another, than the mange, or scab, is a prov. (Meyd.) And أَعْدَى مِنَ الثُّؤَبَاآءِ is another prov., having a similar meaning [i. e. More wont to pass from one to another, or, as we commonly say, more catching, than yawning ]; (Meyd;) for when a man yawns in the presence of others, they become affected as he is. (TA in art. ثأب.) ― -b2- أَعْدَى مِنَ الذِّئْبِ is also a prov., and may mean More wrongful, or more inimical, or more vehement in running, than the wolf. (Meyd.) أَعْدَى مِنْ سُلَيْكٍ, another prov., (expl. in the latter half of the first paragraph,) is from العَدْوُ. (Meyd.) ― -b3- هُوَ أَعْدَى شَىْءٍ [app. meaning It is the most effectual thing to aid, or assist, or to avenge; أَعْدَى in this case being irregularly formed from the augmented verb in the phrase أَعْدَاهُ عَلَيْهِ]. (TA in art. ادو: see اآدَى in that art.)

تَعَادٍ ذ Uneven places, (K, TA,) dissimilar in their several parts: occurring in this sense in a trad. (TA.) As mentions the saying نِمْتُ عَلَى ↓ مَكَانٍ مُتَعَادٍ, meaning [ I slept upon ] a place dissimilar in its several parts; uneven: and هٰذِهِ ↓ أَرْضٌ مُتَعَادِيَةٌ This is land having in it burrows, and [ trenches, or channels, such as are termed ] لَخَاقِيق. (S, TA.)

مَا لِى عَنْ فُلَانٍ مَعْدًى ذ means There is not for me any going beyond such a one to another, nor any stopping short of him. (S.)

مَعْدُوٌّ ذ : see what next follows.

فُلَانٌ مَعْدِىٌّ عَلَيْهِ ذ and ↓ مَعْدُوٌّ (S, K *) mean [ Such a one is ] treated wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically: (K:) the ى in مَعْدِىٌّ is substituted for و because the latter [in this case] is deemed difficult of utterance. (S.)

مُتَعَادٍ ذ ; and its fem., with ة: see تَعَادٍ.

1 عَذُبَ ذ , (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) aor. عَذُبَ , (TA,) inf. n. عُذُوبَةٌ, said of water, (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) [and app. of wine or other beverage, and of food, (see عَذْبٌ,)] It was, or became, sweet: (S, O, * TA:) or it was, or became, easy and agreeable to be drunk or swallowed. (Msb.) [See also 12. ― -b2- Freytag has also assigned to it a meaning belonging to أَعْذَبَ, q. v.] -A2- عَذَبَ: see 4, in two places. -A3- And see also 2, last sentence. -A4- [عَذِبَ, inf. n. عَذَبٌ, is mentioned by Golius as signifying “ Quisquiliis aut lente palustri obducta fuit, ” and in a similar manner by Freytag; by both as said of water, and as on the authority of the K: but I find, in the K, no ground for this, except an explanation of عَذِبٌ, q.v., of which ISd knew not a verb.]

2 عذّبهُ ذ , inf. n. تَعْذِيبٌ, He punished, castigated, or chastised, him: (S, O, Msb, K:) [and he, or it, tormented, or tortured, him: ] originally, he beat him: then, he punished him in any painful manner. (Msb.) It is said in a trad., اـِنَّ المَيِّتَ يُعَذَّبُ بِبُكَاآءِ أَهْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ [ Verily the dead will be punished for his family's weeping for him ]: the reason of which is probably this; that the Arabs used to charge their families to weep and wail for them; therefore the dead is obnoxious to punishment for his having done this. (IAth, TA.) And the verb is used metaphorically in relation to that which has not sensation: a poet says, لَيْسَتْ بِسَوْدَاآءَ مِنْ مَيْثَاآءَ مُظْلِمَةٍ وَلَمْ تُعَذَّبْ بِاـِدْنَاآءٍ مِنَ النَّارِ [ It (app. wine) is not black, from Meytha, darkcoloured; nor has it been mulled (such seems to be here the meaning of the verb) by being put near to fire, or by being boiled]. (L, TA. [See also مُعَذَّبَةٌ.]) ― -b2- See also 4, in two places. -A2- عذّب سَوْطَهُ, and هدّبهُ, [perhaps a mistranscription for ↓ عَذَبَهُ, for accord. to Golius, this last and the first here mentioned are expl. by Z in the sense here following,] He put an عِلَاقَة [i. e. an عَذَبَة] to his whip: so in the A. (TA.)

4 اعذب القَوْمُ ذ The people, or party, became in the condition of having sweet water. (K, TA. [Freytag has erroneously assigned this meaning to عَذُبَ.]) -A2- And اعذب, (O, TA,) inf.n. اـِعْذَابٌ, (K, TA,) He abstained, or desisted, (O, K, * TA,) عَنْ شَىْءٍ from a thing; (TA;) and, (K, TA,) in like manner followed by عَنْ, (TA,) he left, quitted, or relinquished, (K, TA,) a thing: (TA:) and ↓ استعذب, (K, TA,) likewise followed by عَنْ, (TA,) signifies the same: (K, TA:) and عَذْبٌ, (K, TA,) as inf. n. of ↓ عَذَبَ, (MF, TA,) signifies the abstaining, &c., (K, MF, TA,) from a thing: and [particularly] the abstaining (of a man, and of an ass, and of a horse, TA) from eating, by reason of intense thirst; (K, TA;) being neither fasting nor breaking fast; (TA;) and so عُذُوبٌ as inf. n. of the same verb. (MF, TA.) -A3- And اعذبهُ, (S, O,) inf. n. اـِعْذَابٌ; (K;) and ↓ عذّبهُ, (O,) inf. n. تَعْذِيبٌ; (K;) and ↓ عَذَبَهُ, (O,) inf. n. عَذْبٌ; (K;) He prevented, hindered, withheld, restrained, or forbade, him, (S, O, K, *) عَنِ الأَمْرِ from [doing] the thing, or affair. (S, O.) One says, أَعْذِبْ نَفْسَكَ عَنْ كَذَا Withhold, or restrain, thyself from such a thing. (S, O.) -A4- اعذبهُ [ He deprived it of its عَذَب; i. e.] he removed from it, (S, O, K,) namely, water, (K,) or a watering-trough, or tank, (S, O,) the floating particles that were upon it, (S, O,) or its [ green substance termed ] طُحْلُب, (K,) or both of these: (TA:) and ↓ تَعْذِيبٌ [in like manner] signifies the removing of what is termed عَذَب. (Bd in ii. 6.)

8 اعتذب ذ He made [ the ] two ends (عَذَبَتَيْنِ) of his turban to hang down behind. (O, K, TA.)

10 استعذب المَاآءَ ذ He reckoned, or esteemed, the water sweet. (O, Msb, TA.) ― -b2- And He sought sweet water: you say, استعذب لِأَهْلِهِ he sought sweet water for his family. (TA.) ― -b3- And He drank the water sweet. (TA.) ― -b4- And He drew sweet water. (S, O, K. *) One says, يُسْتَعْذَبُ لِفُلَانٍ مِنْ بِئْرِ كَذَا i. e. [ Sweet water ] is drawn for such a one from such a well. (S, O.) ― -b5- And استعذب لَهُ المَاآءَ He brought to him sweet water. (TA.) -A2- See also 4.

12 اعذوذب ذ , like اِحْلَولَى, said of water, It was, or became, sweet, [like عَذُبَ,] or very sweet. (Lb, TA.)

عَذْبٌ ذ Sweet water: (S, O:) or water, (Msb,) or wine, or beverage, and food, (K,) that is easy and agreeable to be drunk or swallowed: (Msb, K:) pl. عِذَابٌ (O, Msb, TA) and عُذُوبٌ. (TA.) You say رَكِيَّةٌ عَذْبَةٌ [ A well of sweet water ] : and مَاآءٌ عَذْبٌ [ sweet water ]: and also مَاآءَةٌ عَذْبَةٌ [ a sweet water ]: and مَاآءٌ عِذَابٌ [ sweet water or waters ], using a pl. epithet in this last case because مَاآءٌ is a coll. gen. n., of which مَاآءَةٌ is the n. un. (TA.) And Aboo-Heiyeh En-Nemeree says, describing water, لَهُ غَلَلٌ بَيْنَ الاـِجَامِ عُذُوبُ [ Having sweet water permeating amid the reedbeds, or the thickets ]: he uses غَلَلٌ as a coll. gen. n., and therefore pluralizes the epithet. (L, TA.) ― -b2- One says also نِسآاءٌ عِذَابُ الثَّنَايَا (assumed tropical:) [ Women sweet in respect of the front teeth ]. (A.) ― -b3- And اـِنَّهُ لَعَذْبُ اللِّسَانِ (assumed tropical:) [ Verily he is sweet in respect of the tongue ]; likening his tongue to the water that is termed عَذْب. (Lh, TA.) -A2- Also A sort of trees; (K, TA;) the same that is called عَذَبٌ [q. v.]. (TA.)

عَذَبٌ ذ , (S, O, K,) [a coll. gen. n.] of which, in all its senses, the n. un. is darr; عَذَبَةٌ, (K, TA,) Motes, or particles of rubbish or the like, (S, O, K, TA,) floating upon water. (TA.) [In this sense, it is said in the S and O that عَذَبَةٌ is its sing. or n. un.] One says مَاآءٌ ذُو عَذَبٍ Water abounding with such motes or particles. (S, O. See also عَذِبٌ.) And ↓ عَذِبَةٌ has the same meaning as the n. un. of عَذَبٌ in this sense: (K:) and signifies likewise, as also ↓ عَذَبَةٌ and ↓ عَذْبَةٌ, (L, K,) this last mentioned by IAar, (L,) [the green substance called ] طُحْلُب (L, K, TA) and عَرْمَض and the like, (L, TA,) or طُحْلُب and dung (دِمْن), floating upon water. (TA.) ― -b2- And What comes forth next after the fœtus from the womb. (O, K.) -A2- Also A sort of trees, (AHn, O, K,) of the shrub-kind: (AHn, O:) the same that is called عَذْبٌ. (TA.) -A3- And The pieces of rag that women hold when wailing for the dead; as also مَعَاذِبُ, (O, K,) pl. of ↓ مَعْذَبَةٌ [or probably مِعْذَبَةٌ, like its syn. مِئْلَاةٌ, originally مِئْلَوَةٌ], or , accord. to AA, an anomalous pl. of [the n. un. of عَذَبٌ, i. e.] عَذَبَةٌ: (O:) one of such pieces of rag is also called مِعْوَزٌ, as well as عَذَبَةٌ. (TA.) ― -b2- And Straps, or thongs: (S, O:) or the extremities thereof; as also ↓ عَذَبَاتٌ. (TA.) So in the saying of Dhu-r-Rummeh, (S, O, TA,) describing dogs of the chase, (O,) غُضْفٌ مُهَرَّتَةُ الأَشْدَاقِ ضَارِيَةٌ مِثْلُ السَّرَاحِينِ فِى أَعْنَاقِهَا العَذَبُ [ Having pendulous ears, wide in the sides of the mouth, habituated to the chase, resembling wolves, with straps, or thongs, or the extremities thereof, upon their necks ]. (S, O, TA.) ― -b3- Also, (K,) or ↓ عَذَبَةٌ, in this and other senses following, (S, O, Msb, &c.,) [the former evidently wrong, the latter (as is said in the K) being its n. un. in all its senses,] The string with which a balance, or pair of scales, is raised. (S, O, Msb, K.) ― -b4- And The end, or extremity, of a whip; (Mgh in art. ثمر, and Msb;) its tail; also called its ثَمَرَة: (Mgh ubi suprà:) or its عِلَاقَة, (TA in the present art.,) which means the [ suspensory ] thong in the handle thereof: (TA in art. علق:) or [it may have both of these significations, for it is said that it is] one of the عَذَبَتَانِ of a whip. (S, O.) ― -b5- The end, or extremity of anything. (A, K.) ― -b6- The extremity of the tongue; (S, O, Msb;) its [ tip or] narrow extremity: (TA:) pl. ↓ عَذَبَاتٌ. (Msb.) One says, أَلْسِنَتِهِمْ ↓ الحَقُّ عَلَى عَذَبَاتِ [ Truth is on the tips of their tongues ]. (A, TA.) ― -b7- The extremity of the penis of a camel: (ISd, K, TA:) or the extremity of a camel's penis thin in the fore part. (TA.) ― -b8- The part that hangs down of the [thong called] شِرَاك [q. v.] of a sandal. (O, TA. [See also ذُؤَابَةٌ.]) ― -b9- A piece of skin which is hung behind the hinder part (مُؤْخِرَة, O, K, or مُؤَخَّرَة, CK) of the [ camel's saddle called ] رَحْل, (O, K,) from its upper portion; (O;) also termed ذُؤَابَةٌ. (TA in art. ذأب.) ― -b10- And عَذَبٌ [accord. to the TA, but correctly ↓ عَذَبَةٌ, (see 8,)] The portion [i. e. end ] of a turban, that is made to hang down between the shoulders. (TA.) ― -b11- And the same, [correctly ↓ عَذَبَةٌ, as is shown by what follows,] A piece of rag [or strip of linen or the like, called in French cravate, ] that is bound upon the head of a spear. (TA.) One says, خَفَقَتْ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ العَذَبُ (A, TA) i. e. خِرَقُ الأَلْوِيَةِ [ The cravates fluttered over his head ]. (A.) ― -b12- And ↓ عَذَبَةٌ signifies also A branch of a tree; (S, O, Msb;) and so ↓ عَذِبَةٌ. (TA.)

عَذِبٌ ذ (K, TA) and ↓ ذُو عَذَبٍ (TA) Water overspread by [ the green substance termed ] طُحْلُب: (K, TA:) or abounding therewith, and with motes, or particles of rubbish or the like: (TA:) [or the latter signifies as expl. before: see عَذَبٌ, third sentence:] عَذِبٌ is thought by ISd to be a possessive epithet, [meaning ذُو عَذَبٍ,] because he found no verb belonging to it. (TA.) -A2- عَذِبٌ is also syn. with عَظِبٌ meaning A man alighting, or abiding, in places of dried-up herbage, and in a waterless desert. (TA in art. عظب.)

عَذْبَةٌ ذ : see عَذَبٌ. -A2- Also A certain tree, that kills camels, (O, K, TA,) if they eat thereof. (TA.) ― -b2- And A well-known medicine. (K, TA. [In some copies of the K, دَاآءٌ, or “ disease, ” is put for دَوَاآءٌ, accord. to the TK, as observed by Freytag.])

عَذَبَةٌ ذ , and its pl. عَذَبَاتٌ: see عَذَبٌ, in nine places. ― -b2- The pl. above mentioned signifies also The legs of a she-camel. (TA.)

عَذِبَةٌ ذ : see عَذَبٌ, fourth and last sentences. -A2- Also What is taken forth from طَعَام [i. e. wheat, or corn in general,] and thrown away; (Lh, K, TA;) being the worst thereof; also termed عَذِرَةٌ. (Lh, TA in art. عذر.) -A3- And Pasturage, or herbage: so in the phrase مَاآءٌ مَا بِهِ عَذِبَةٌ, (O,) or مَاآء لَا عَذِبَةَ فِيهِ [ Water where is no pasturage, or herbage ]. (TA.) ― -b2- It is also expl. in copies of the K as signifying, with the article, مَا أَحَاطَ مِنَ الدِّرَّةِ: but the right explanation is مَا أَحَاطَ بِالدَّبْرَةِ [app. meaning The ridge of earth that surrounds a sown piece of ground to retain the water for irrigation (see دَبْرٌ)], as in the M and L &c. (TA.)

عَذَبِىٌّ ذ , (thus in my copies of the S,) or عُذَبِىٌّ, (O, K, TA,) with the pointed ذ, accord. to AA, mentioned in the T in art. عدب, as written with the unpointed د, and here said in the K to be syn. with عُدَبِىٌّ, (TA,) Generous in natural dispositions. (AA, S, O, TA.)

أَصَابَهُ عَذَابُ عِذَبِينَ ذ , (O, K, TA,) with kesr to the ع and fet-h to the ذ, (O, TA,) like بِلَغِينَ, (K, TA, in the CK عُذَبِينَ like بُلَغِينَ,) and أَصَابَهُ العِذَبُونَ, (O, TA,) [ May the punishment that will not be remitted befall him, or] may his punishment not be remitted: (O, K, TA:) so says Ibn-Buzurj. (O, TA.)

عَذَابٌ ذ Punishment, castigation, or chastisement, [or] such as serves to give warning to others than the sufferer, or to restrain the offender from repeating the offence; syn. عُقُوبَةٌ, (S, O,) or نَكَالٌ: (K, and Ksh and Bd in ii. 6:) so termed from عَذَبَ “ he prevented ” &c.; because it prevents the person punished from returning to the like of his offence, and prevents others from doing the like of that which he has done: (MF, TA:) [it generally signifies any corporal punishment: ] and, by an extension of the original signification, any [ infliction of ] pain that disgraces, or puts to shame: (Ksh and Bd ubi suprà:) originally, beating: afterwards used to signify any painful punishment: [ torture; or torment: ] and metaphorically applied to (tropical:) an affair, or event, that is difficult, distressing, afflicting, or troublesome; whence the saying, السَّفَرُ قِطْعَةٌ مِنَ العَذَابِ [ Travel is a portion of that which is difficult, &c.; or of torment ]: (Msb:) in the Kur xxiii. 78, it means hunger, or famine: (Zj, O, TA:) the pl. is أَعْذِبَةٌ: (Zj, K, TA:) the author of the K says in art. نهر [voce نَهَارٌ] that it has no pl.: [and it seems to be doubted whether it have a pl. because it is properly an inf. n. though its verb in the unaugmented form is not used:] but MF observes that if it be a name for that whereby one is prevented [from repeating an offence], as hunger, or famine, agreeably with what Zj says, there is no reason why it should not have this pl. (TA.)

عَذُوبٌ ذ : see عَاذِبٌ, in seven places.