Al-Tuhfa al-Saniyya — Sharh al-Ajurrumiyya (التحفة السنية بشرح المقدمة الآجرومية) — Page 113

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

حُكْمُ حُرُوفِ الْعَطْفِ.

The rule of the conjunction particles.

قَالَ: فَإِنْ عَطَفْتَ عَلَى مَرْفُوعٍ رَفَعْتَ، أَوْ عَلَى مَنْصُوبٍ نَصَبْتَ، أَوْ عَلَى مَخْفُوضٍ خَفَضْتَ، أَوْ عَلَى مَجْزُومٍ جَزَمْتَ، تَقُولُ: «قَامَ زَيْدٌ وَعَمْرٌو، وَرَأَيْتُ زَيْدًا وَعَمْرًا، وَمَرَرْتُ بِزَيْدٍ وَعَمْرٍو، وَزَيْدٌ لَمْ يَقُمْ وَلَمْ يَقْعُدْ».

He said: If you use a conjunction to connect to a nominative, you make it nominative; or to an accusative, you make it accusative; or to a genitive, you make it genitive; or to a jussive, you make it jussive; you say: 'Zayd and 'Amr stood,' 'I saw Zayd and 'Amr,' 'I passed by Zayd and 'Amr,' and 'Zayd did not stand and did not sit.'

وَأَقُولُ: هَذِهِ الْأَحْرُفُ الْعَشَرَةُ تَجْعَلُ مَا بَعْدَهَا تَابِعًا لِمَا قَبْلَهَا فِي حُكْمِهِ الْإِعْرَابِيِّ، فَإِنْ كَانَ الْمَتْبُوعُ مَرْفُوعًا كَانَ التَّابِعُ مَرْفُوعًا، نَحْوُ: «قَابَلَنِي مُحَمَّدٌ وَخَالِدٌ» فَخَالِدٌ: مَعْطُوفٌ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَالْمَعْطُوفُ عَلَى الْمَرْفُوعِ مَرْفُوعٌ وَعَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ الضَّمَّةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْمَتْبُوعُ مَنْصُوبًا كَانَ التَّابِعُ مَنْصُوبًا، نَحْوُ: «قَابَلْتُ مُحَمَّدًا وَخَالِدًا» فَخَالِدًا مَعْطُوفٌ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَالْمَعْطُوفُ عَلَى الْمَنْصُوبِ مَنْصُوبٌ وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ الْفَتْحَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْمَتْبُوعُ مَخْفُوضًا كَانَ التَّابِعُ مَخْفُوضًا مِثْلَهُ، نَحْوُ: «مَرَرْتُ بِمُحَمَّدٍ وَخَالِدٍ» فَخَالِدٌ مَعْطُوفٌ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَالْمَعْطُوفُ عَلَى الْمَخْفُوضِ مَخْفُوضٌ، وَعَلَامَةُ خَفْضِهِ الْكَسْرَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْمَتْبُوعُ مَجْزُومًا كَانَ التَّابِعُ مَجْزُومًا أَيْضًا، نَحْوُ: «لَمْ يَحْضُرْ خَالِدٌ أَوْ يُرْسِلْ رَسُولًا» فَيُرْسِلُ مَعْطُوفٌ عَلَى يَحْضُرُ، وَالْمَعْطُوفُ عَلَى الْمَجْزُومِ مَجْزُومٌ، وَعَلَامَةُ جَزْمِهِ السُّكُونُ.

I say: These ten particles make what follows them a follower of what precedes them in its grammatical ruling; if the followed word is nominative, the follower is nominative, such as: 'Muhammad and Khalid met me,' where Khalid is a conjunction connected to Muhammad, and the conjunction connected to a nominative is nominative, and the sign of its nominative case is the visible damma; if the followed word is accusative, the follower is accusative, such as: 'I met Muhammad and Khalid,' where Khalid is a conjunction connected to Muhammad, and the conjunction connected to an accusative is accusative, and the sign of its accusative case is the visible fatha; if the followed word is genitive, the follower is genitive like it, such as: 'I passed by Muhammad and Khalid,' where Khalid is a conjunction connected to Muhammad, and the conjunction connected to a genitive is genitive, and the sign of its genitive case is the visible kasra; and if the followed word is jussive, the follower is also jussive, such as: 'Khalid did not attend or send a messenger,' where 'send' is a conjunction connected to 'attend,' and the conjunction connected to a jussive is jussive, and the sign of its jussive case is the sukun.

…2 more translated lines, 17 more verbs and 28 more nouns on this page — subscribe to study every page.

Vocabulary · المفردات (20 verbs · 31 nouns)

• عَطَفَ — to conjoin
• رَفَعَ — to raise
• نَصَبَ — to set up
• حُكْمٌ — rule
• حَرْفٌ — letter
• عَطْفٌ — conjunction