Tafsir as-Saadi (تيسير الكريم الرحمن في تفسير كلام المنان) — Page 7

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ {الم * ذَلِكَ الْكِتَابُ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ هُدًى لِلْمُتَّقِينَ * الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْغَيْبِ وَيُقِيمُونَ الصَّلَاةَ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنْفِقُونَ * وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ وَبِالْآخِرَةِ هُمْ يُوقِنُونَ أُولَئِكَ عَلَى هُدًى مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ}

(from previous page) ⟵ It included sincerity of religion to Allah Almighty in worship and seeking help in His saying: {You alone we worship and You alone we ask for help.} So praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds. In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. {Alif, Lam, Meem. This is the Book about which there is no doubt, a guidance for those conscious of Allah - Who believe in the unseen, establish prayer, and from what We have provided for them, they spend. And who believe in what has been revealed to you, [O Muhammad], and what was revealed before you, and of the Hereafter they are certain. Those are upon [right] guidance from their Lord, and it is those who are the successful.}

لِمَعْنَاهَا تَقَدَّمَ الْكَلَامُ عَلَى الْبَسْمَلَةِ.

The discussion regarding the meaning of the Basmala has already been provided.

وَأَمَّا الْحُرُوفُ الْمُقَطَّعَةُ فِي أَوَائِلِ السُّوَرِ، فَالْأَسْلَمُ فِيهَا السُّكُوتُ عَنِ التَّعَرُّضِ مِنْ غَيْرِ مُسْتَنَدٍ شَرْعِيٍّ مَعَ الْجَزْمِ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى لَمْ يُنْزِلْهَا عَبَثًا بَلْ لِحِكْمَةٍ لَا نَعْلَمُهَا.

As for the disjointed letters at the beginning of the chapters, the safest approach is to refrain from speculation without a religious basis, while remaining certain that Allah the Exalted did not reveal them in vain, but for a wisdom beyond our knowledge.

وَقَوْلُهُ {ذَلِكَ الْكِتَابُ} أَيْ هَذَا الْكِتَابُ الْعَظِيمُ الَّذِي هُوَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى الْحَقِيقَةِ الْمُشْتَمِلُ عَلَى مَا لَمْ تَشْتَمِلْ عَلَيْهِ كُتُبُ الْمُتَقَدِّمِينَ وَالْمُتَأَخِّرِينَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ الْعَظِيمِ وَالْحَقِّ الْمُبِينِ.

His saying {This is the Book} refers to this great Book, which is the Book in truth, containing great knowledge and clear truth that the books of the predecessors and successors did not possess.

فَلَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ وَلَا شَكَّ بِوَجْهٍ مِنَ الْوُجُوجِ، وَنَفْيُ الرَّيْبِ عَنْهُ يَسْتَلْزِمُ ضِدَّهُ، إِذْ ضِدُّ الرَّيْبِ وَالشَّكِّ الْيَقِينُ، فَهَذَا الْكِتَابُ مُشْتَمِلٌ عَلَى عِلْمِ الْيَقِينِ الْمُزِيلِ لِلشَّكِّ وَالرَّيْبِ.

There is no doubt in it, nor any uncertainty in any way. Negating doubt from it necessitates its opposite, for the opposite of doubt and uncertainty is certainty; thus, this Book contains the knowledge of certainty that removes all doubt.

وَهَذِهِ قَاعِدَةٌ مُفِيدَةٌ، أَنَّ النَّفْيَ الْمَقْصُودَ بِهِ الْمَدْحُ لَا بُدَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُتَضَمِّنًا لِضِدِّهِ وَهُوَ الْكَمَالُ، لِأَنَّ النَّفْيَ عَدَمٌ، وَالْعَدَمُ الْمَحْضُ لَا مَدْحَ فِيهِ.

This is a useful rule: any negation intended as praise must necessarily imply its opposite, which is perfection, because negation is merely non-existence, and pure non-existence contains no praise.

فَلَمَّا اشْتَمَلَ عَلَى الْيَقِينِ وَكَانَتِ الْهِدَايَةُ لَا تَحْصُلُ إِلَّا بِالْيَقِينِ قَالَ: {هُدًى لِلْمُتَّقِينَ}

Since it contains certainty and guidance is only attained through certainty, He said: {Guidance for the righteous}.

وَالْهُدَى مَا تَحْصُلُ بِهِ الْهِدَايَةُ مِنَ الضَّلَالَةِ وَالشُّبَهِ وَمَا بِهِ الْهِدَايَةُ إِلَى سُلُوكِ الطُّرُقِ النَّافِعَةِ.

Guidance (al-huda) is that by which one is led away from misguidance and doubt, and by which one is directed toward following beneficial paths.

وَقَالَ {هُدًى} وَحَذَفَ الْمَعْمُولَ، فَلَمْ يَقُلْ هُدًى لِلْمَصْلَحَةِ الْفُلَانِيَّةِ، وَلَا لِلشَّيْءِ الْفُلَانِيِّ، لِإِرَادَةِ الْعُمُومِ، وَأَنَّهُ هُدًى لِجَمِيعِ مَصَالِحِ الدَّارَيْنِ، فَهُوَ مُرْشِدٌ لِلْعِبَادِ فِي الْمَسَائِلِ الْأُصُولِيَّةِ وَالْفُرُوعِيَّةِ وَمُبَيِّنٌ لِلْحَقِّ مِنَ الْبَاطِلِ وَالصَّحِيحِ مِنَ الضَّعِيفِ، وَمُبَيِّنٌ لَهُمْ كَيْفَ يَسْلُكُونَ الطُّرُقَ النَّافِعَةَ لَهُمْ فِي دُنْيَاهُمْ وَأُخْرَاهُمْ.

He said {Guidance} and omitted the object—not specifying 'guidance for such-and-such interest'—to indicate generality. It is guidance for all the interests of both this life and the next; it directs servants in both fundamental and derivative issues, clarifies truth from falsehood and the authentic from the weak, and shows them how to follow the paths that benefit them in this world and the hereafter.

وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: {هُدًى لِلنَّاسِ} فَعَمَّمَ.

He said in another place: {Guidance for mankind}, thus generalizing it.

وَفِي هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ وَغَيْرِهِ {هُدًى لِلْمُتَّقِينَ} لِأَنَّهُ فِي نَفْسِهِ هُدًى لِجَمِيعِ الْخَلْقِ.

In this place and others, He says {Guidance for the righteous} because, in itself, it is guidance for all of creation.

فَالْأَشْقِيَاءُ لَمْ يَرْفَعُوا بِهِ رَأْسًا وَلَمْ يَقْبَلُوا هُدَى اللَّهِ فَقَامَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ بِهِ الْحُجَّةُ، وَلَمْ يَنْتَفِعُوا بِهِ لِشَقَائِهِمْ، وَأَمَّا الْمُتَّقُونَ الَّذِينَ أَتَوْا بِالسَّبَبِ الْأَكْبَرِ لِحُصُولِ الْهِدَايَةِ وَهُوَ التَّقْوَى الَّتِي حَقِيقَتُهَا: اتِّخَاذُ مَا يَقِي سَخَطَ اللَّهِ وَعَذَابَهُ بِامْتِثَالِ أَوَامِرِهِ وَاجْتِنَابِ النَّوَاهِي فَاهْتَدَوْا بِهِ وَانْتَفَعُوا غَايَةَ الِانْتِفَاعِ.

The wretched paid no heed to it and rejected the guidance of Allah, so the proof was established against them, and they derived no benefit due to their wretchedness. As for the righteous, who fulfilled the greatest requirement for attaining guidance—which is piety, defined as taking measures to protect oneself from the wrath and punishment of Allah by complying with His commands and avoiding His prohibitions—they were guided by it and benefited to the utmost extent.

قَالَ تَعَالَى: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ تَتَّقُوا اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ فُرْقَانًا} فَالْمُتَّقُونَ هُمُ الْمُنْتَفِعُونَ بِالْآيَاتِ الْقُرْآنِيَّةِ، وَالْآيَاتِ الْكَوْنِيَّةِ.

Allah the Exalted said: {O you who have believed, if you fear Allah, He will grant you a criterion}. The righteous are those who benefit from both the Quranic signs and the cosmic signs.

وَلِأَنَّ الْهِدَايَةَ نَوْعَانِ: هِدَايَةُ الْبَيَانِ، وَهِدَايَةُ التَّوْفِيقِ.

Guidance is of two types: the guidance of clarification and the guidance of divine enablement.

فَالْمُتَّقُونَ حَصَلَتْ لَهُمْ الْهِدَايَتَانِ وَغَيْرُهُمْ لَمْ تَحْصُلْ لَهُمْ هِدَايَةُ التَّوْفِيقِ.

The righteous attained both types of guidance, while others did not attain the guidance of divine enablement.

وَهِدَايَةُ الْبَيَانِ بِدُونِ تَوْفِيقٍ لِلْعَمَلِ بِهَا لَيْسَتْ هِدَايَةً حَقِيقِيَّةً تَامَّةً.

Guidance of clarification without the enablement to act upon it is not true, complete guidance.

Vocabulary · المفردات (26 verbs · 92 nouns)

• آمَنَ — to believe
• أَقَامَ — to establish
• رَزَقَ — to provide
• أَنْفَقَ — to spend
• أَنْزَلَ — to send down
• أَيْقَنَ — to be certain
• تَقَدَّمَ — to precede
• عَلِمَ — to know
• اِشْتَمَلَ — to contain
• اِسْتَلْزَمَ — to necessitate
• حَصَلَ — to happen
• قَالَ — to say
• حَذَفَ — to omit
• أَرْشَدَ — to guide
• سَلَكَ — to follow
• عَمَّمَ — to generalize
• رَفَعَ — to raise
• قَبِلَ — to accept
• قَامَ — to stand
• اِنْتَفَعَ — to benefit
• اِتَّخَذَ — to take
• وَقَى — to protect
• اِمْتَثَلَ — to comply
• اِجْتَنَبَ — to avoid
• اِهْتَدَى — to be guided
• جَعَلَ — to make
• كِتَاب — book
• رَيْب — doubt
• مُتَّق — pious
• غَيْب — unseen
• صَلَاة — prayer
• آخِرَة — hereafter
• يَقِين — certainty
• مُفْلِح — successful
• مَعْنًى — meaning
• كَلَام — speech
• بَسْمَلَة — basmala
• حَرْف — letter
• أَوَّل — beginning
• سُورَة — surah
• سُكُوت — silence
• تَعَرُّض — exposure
• مُسْتَنَد — document
• جَزْم — certainty
• عَبَث — futility, play
• حِكْمَة — wisdom
• قَوْل — saying
• عَظِيم — great
• حَقِيقَة — truth
• مُتَقَدِّم — a predecessor
• مُتَأَخِّر — successor
• عِلْم — knowledge
• حَقٌّ — truth
• مُبِين — clear
• شَكٌّ — doubt
• وَجْه — way
• نَفْي — negation
• ضِدٌّ — opposite
• مُزِيل — remover
• قَاعِدَة — rules
• مُفِيد — beneficial thing
• مَقْصُود — intended meaning
• مَدْح — praise
• كَمَال — perfection
• عَدَم — nonexistence
• مَحْض — pure
• هِدَايَة — guidance
• ضَلَالَة — misguidance
• شُبْهَة — doubt
• طَرِيق — way, road, path (noun)
• نَافِع — beneficial
• مَعْمُول — governed word
• مَصْلَحَة — interest
• فُلَانِيٌّ — so-and-so
• شَيْء — things
• عُمُوم — generality
• جَمِيع — all
• دَار — house, abode, dwelling, home (noun)
• مُرْشِد — guide
• مَسْأَلَة — issue
• أُصُولِيٌّ — fundamental
• فُرُوعِيٌّ — derivative
• بَاطِل — falsehood
• صَحِيح — correct, healthy (adjective)
• ضَعِيف — weak
• دُنْيَا — world
• أُخْرَى — hereafter
• مَوْضِع — place
• آخَر — other
• نَاس — people
• خَلْق — creation
• شَقِيٌّ — wretched people
• رَأْس — head
• حُجَّة — proof, evidence, argument
• شَقَاءٌ — misery
• سَبَب — reason; cause
• أَكْبَر — greatest
• تَقْوَى — God-consciousness; piety
• اِتِّخَاذ — taking
• سَخَط — wrath
• عَذَاب — punishment
• اِمْتِثَال — compliance
• أَمْر — command
• اِجْتِنَاب — avoidance
• نَهْي — prohibition
• غَايَة — utmost
• اِنْتِفَاع — benefit
• فُرْقَان — criterion
• مُنْتَفِع — beneficiary
• آيَة — sign
• قُرْآنِيٌّ — quranic
• كَوْنِيٌّ — cosmic
• نَوْع — type
• بَيَان — clarification
• تَوْفِيق — success
• عَمَل — work
• حَقِيقِيٌّ — real; true; genuine (adjective)
• تَامٌّ — complete