Tafsir as-Saadi (تيسير الكريم الرحمن في تفسير كلام المنان) — Page 16

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَهَذِهِ الْآيَةُ جَمَعَتْ بَيْنَ الْأَمْرِ بِعِبَادَةِ اللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ وَالنَّهْيِ عَنْ عِبَادَةِ مَا سِوَاهُ وَبَيَانِ الدَّلِيلِ الْبَاهِرِ عَلَى وُجُوبِ عِبَادَتِهِ وَبُطْلَانِ عِبَادَةِ مَنْ سِوَاهُ وَهُوَ ذِكْرُ تَوْحِيدِ الرُّبُوبِيَّةِ، الْمُتَضَمِّنِ لِانْفِرَادِهِ بِالْخَلْقِ وَالرِّزْقِ وَالتَّدْبِيرِ،

(from previous page) ⟵ So how can you worship other gods alongside Him, despite your knowledge of that? This is among the most astonishing of wonders and the most foolish of follies. This verse combines the command to worship Allah alone and the prohibition of worshipping anything other than Him, along with an explanation of the dazzling proof for the obligation of worshipping Him and the invalidity of worshipping anyone other than Him, which is the mention of the Oneness of Lordship, encompassing His sole creation, provision, and governance.

فَإِذَا كَانَ كُلُّ أَحَدٍ مُقِرًّا بِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ شَرِيكٌ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَكَذَلِكَ فَلْيَكُنْ إِقْرَارُهُ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ فِي الْعِبَادَةِ،

If everyone acknowledges that He has no partner in those matters, then they must likewise acknowledge that Allah has no partner in worship.

وَهَذَا أَوْضَحُ دَلِيلٍ عَقْلِيٍّ عَلَى وَحْدَانِيَّةِ الْبَارِي، وَبُطْلَانِ الشِّرْكِ.

This is the clearest rational proof for the oneness of the Creator and the invalidity of polytheism.

وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ} يَحْتَمِلُ أَنَّ الْمَعْنَى: أَنَّكُمْ إِذَا عَبَدْتُمُ اللَّهَ وَحْدَهُ اتَّقَيْتُمْ بِذَلِكَ سَخَطَهُ وَعَذَابَهُ، لِأَنَّكُمْ أَتَيْتُمْ بِالسَّبَبِ الدَّافِعِ لِذَلِكَ،

His saying, the Exalted, '{So that you may become righteous}' may mean that by worshipping Allah alone, you avoid His wrath and punishment, as you have performed the very act that repels them.

وَيَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمَعْنَى أَنَّكُمْ إِذَا عَبَدْتُمُ اللَّهَ صِرْتُمْ مِنَ الْمُتَّقِينَ الْمَوْصُوفِينَ بِالتَّقْوَى

It may also mean that by worshipping Allah, you become among the righteous who are defined by piety.

وَكِلَا الْمَعْنَيَيْنِ صَحِيحٌ وَهُمَا مُتَلَازِمَانِ فَمَنْ أَتَى بِالْعِبَادَةِ كَامِلَةً، كَانَ مِنَ الْمُتَّقِينَ، وَمَنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْمُتَّقِينَ حَصَلَتْ لَهُ النَّجَاةُ مِنْ عَذَابِ اللَّهِ وَسَخَطِهِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى:

Both meanings are correct and inseparable; whoever performs worship completely is among the righteous, and whoever is among the righteous attains salvation from Allah's punishment and wrath.

{وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ فِي رَيْبٍ مِمَّا نَزَّلْنَا عَلَى عَبْدِنَا فَأْتُوا بِسُورَةٍ مِنْ مِثْلِهِ وَادْعُوا شُهَدَاءَكُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ * فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا وَلَنْ تَفْعَلُوا فَاتَّقُوا النَّارَ الَّتِي وَقُودُهَا النَّاسُ وَالْحِجَارَةُ أُعِدَّتْ لِلْكَافِرِينَ}

And if you are in doubt about what We have sent down upon Our Servant [Muhammad], then produce a surah the like thereof and call upon your witnesses other than Allah, if you should be truthful.

وَهَذَا دَلِيلٌ عَقْلِيٌّ عَلَى صِدْقِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَصِحَّةِ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ،

This is a rational proof of the truthfulness of the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and the validity of his message.

فَقَالَ: {وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ} مَعْشَرَ الْمُعَانِدِينَ لِلرَّسُولِ، الرَّادِّينَ دَعْوَتَهُ الزَّاعِمِينَ كَذِبَهُ فِي شَكٍّ وَاشْتِبَاهٍ مِمَّا نَزَّلْنَا عَلَى عَبْدِنَا، هَلْ هُوَ حَقٌّ أَوْ غَيْرُهُ؟

He said, '{And if you are}'—O you who stubbornly oppose the Messenger, reject his call, and claim he is a liar—'in doubt and uncertainty about what We have sent down upon Our Servant, is it the truth or something else?'

فَهَا هُنَا أَمْرٌ نَصِفُ فِيهِ الْفَيْصَلَةَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُ وَهُوَ أَنَّهُ بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ لَيْسَ بِأَفْصَحِكُمْ وَلَا بِأَعْلَمِكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْرِفُونَهُ مُنْذُ نَشَأَ بَيْنَكُمْ لَا يَكْتُبُ وَلَا يَقْرَأُ،

Here is a matter that serves as the decisive factor between you and him: he is a human like you, neither the most eloquent nor the most knowledgeable among you, and you have known him since he grew up in your midst, unable to read or write.

فَأَتَاكُمْ بِكِتَابٍ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ وَقُلْتُمْ أَنْتُمْ أَنَّهُ تَقَوَّلَهُ وَافْتَرَاهُ

He came to you with a book he claimed was from Allah, while you claimed he fabricated and invented it.

فَإِنْ كَانَ الْأَمْرُ كَمَا تَقُولُونَ فَأْتُوا بِسُورَةٍ مِنْ مِثْلِهِ وَاسْتَعِينُوا بِمَنْ تَقْدِرُونَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَعْوَانِكُمْ وَشُهَدَائِكُمْ فَإِنَّ هَذَا أَمْرٌ يَسِيرٌ عَلَيْكُمْ،

If the matter is as you say, then produce a surah like it and seek help from your allies and witnesses, for this should be an easy task for you.

خُصُوصًا وَأَنْتُمْ أَهْلُ الْفَصَاحَةِ وَالْخَطَابَةِ وَالْعَدَاوَةِ الْعَظِيمَةِ لِلرَّسُولِ،

This is especially true given that you are masters of eloquence and oratory, and possess such great enmity toward the Messenger.

فَإِنْ جِئْتُمْ بِسُورَةٍ مِنْ مِثْلِهِ فَهُوَ كَمَا زَعَمْتُمْ وَإِنْ لَمْ تَأْتُوا بِسُورَةٍ مِنْ مِثْلِهِ وَعَجَزْتُمْ غَايَةَ الْعَجْزِ، وَلَنْ تَأْتُوا بِسُورَةٍ مِنْ مِثْلِهِ،

If you produce a surah like it, then your claim is true; but if you fail—and you are utterly unable, and you will never succeed in producing a surah like it—

وَلَكِنَّ هَذَا التَّقْيِيمَ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْإِنْصَافِ وَالتَّنَزُّلِ مَعَكُمْ، فَهَذَا آيَةٌ كُبْرَى وَدَلِيلٌ وَاضِحٌ جَلِيٌّ عَلَى صِدْقِهِ وَصِدْقِ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ

This evaluation is offered for the sake of fairness and to meet you on your own terms; it serves as a great sign and a clear, evident proof of his truthfulness and the truthfulness of his message.

فَيَتَعَيَّنُ عَلَيْكُمْ اتِّبَاعُهُ وَاتِّقَاءُ النَّارِ الَّتِي بَلَغَتْ فِي الْحَرَارَةِ الْعَظِيمَةِ وَالشِّدَّةِ، أَنْ كَانَتْ وَقُودُهَا النَّاسُ وَالْحِجَارَةُ لَيْسَتْ كَنَارِ الدُّنْيَا الَّتِي إِنَّمَا تَتَّقِدُ بِالْحَطَبِ،

It becomes necessary for you to follow him and fear the Fire, which has reached such immense heat and intensity that its fuel is people and stones, unlike worldly fire which burns only with wood.

وَهَذِهِ النَّارُ الْمَوْصُوفَةُ مُعَدَّةٌ وَمُهَيَّأَةٌ لِلْكَافِرِينَ بِاللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ فَاحْذَرُوا الْكُفْرَ بِرَسُولِهِ بَعْدَ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَكُمْ أَنَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ.

This described Fire is prepared and waiting for those who disbelieve in Allah and His messengers, so beware of rejecting His messenger after it has become clear to you that he is indeed the Messenger of Allah.

وَهَذِهِ الْآيَةُ وَنَحْوُهَا يُسَمُّونَهَا آيَاتِ التَّحَدِّي، وَهُوَ تَعْجِيزُ الْخَلْقِ أَنْ يَأْتُوا بِمِثْلِ هَذَا الْقُرْآنِ، قَالَ تَعَالَى

This verse and others like it are known as the verses of challenge, which render all of creation incapable of producing anything like this Quran.

{قُلْ لَئِنِ اجْتَمَعَتِ الْإِنْسُ وَالْجِنُّ عَلَى أَنْ يَأْتُوا بِمِثْلِ هَذَا الْقُرْآنِ لَا يَأْتُونَ بِمِثْلِهِ وَلَوْ كَانَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ ظَهِيرًا}

'{Say, "If mankind and the jinn gathered in order to produce the like of this Quran, they could not produce the like of it, even if they were to each other assistants."}'

وَكَيْفَ يَقْدِرُ الْمَخْلُوقُ مِنْ تُرَابٍ أَنْ يَكُونَ كَلَامُهُ كَكَلَامِ رَبِّ الْأَرْبَابِ؟

How could a creature made of dust ever produce speech like the speech of the Lord of lords?

أَمْ كَيْفَ يَقْدِرُ النَّاقِصُ الْفَقِيرُ مِنْ كُلِّ

Or how can the one who is deficient and poor in all aspects produce words like the words of the Perfect One, who has absolute perfection and vast richness in all aspects? ⟶ (sentence continues on next page)

Vocabulary · المفردات (30 verbs · 105 nouns)

• جَمَعَ — to gather
• اتَّقَى — to fear
• احْتَمَلَ — to bear
• أَتَى — to come
• صَارَ — to become
• حَصَلَ — to obtain
• نَزَّلَ — to send down
• دَعَا — to call
• فَعَلَ — to do
• أَعَدَّ — to prepare
• صَلَّى — to pray
• سَلَّمَ — to greet
• جَاءَ — to come
• وَصَفَ — to describe
• عَرَفَ — to know
• نَشَأَ — to grow up
• كَتَبَ — to write
• قَرَأَ — to read
• زَعَمَ — to claim
• تَقَوَّلَ — to fabricate
• افْتَرَى — to invent
• اسْتَعَانَ — to seek help
• قَدَرَ — to be able
• عَجَزَ — to be unable
• تَعَيَّنَ — to be necessary
• بَلَغَ — to reach
• تَقَدَ — to burn
• حَذِرَ — to beware
• تَبَيَّنَ — to become clear
• اجْتَمَعَ — to gather
• آيَة — verse
• أَمْر — command
• عِبَادَة — worship
• نَهْي — prohibition
• بَيَان — explanation
• دَلِيل — proof
• بَاهِر — dazzling
• وُجُوب — obligation
• بُطْلَان — invalidity
• ذِكْر — mention
• تَوْحِيد — monotheism
• رُبُوبِيَّة — lordship
• مُتَضَمِّن — containing
• انْفِرَاد — exclusivity
• خَلْق — creation
• رِزْق — provision
• تَدْبِير — management ; arrangement
• أَحَد — one; someone; anyone (in negative contexts)
• مُقِرّ — acknowledging
• شَرِيك — partner
• إِقْرَار — acknowledgment
• أَوْضَح — clearest
• عَقْلِيّ — rational
• وَحْدَانِيَّة — oneness
• بَارِي — creator
• شِرْك — polytheism
• قَوْل — saying
• مَعْنَى — meaning
• سَخَط — wrath
• عَذَاب — punishment
• سَبَب — reason; cause
• دَافِع — repelling
• مُتَّقِي — pious
• مَوْصُوف — described
• تَقْوَى — God-consciousness; piety
• كِلَا — both
• صَحِيح — correct, healthy (adjective)
• مُتَلَازِم — inseparable
• كَامِل — complete
• نَجَاة — salvation
• رَيْب — doubt
• سُورَة — chapter (of Quran)
• مِثْل — likeness
• شَهِيد — witness
• صَادِق — truthful
• نَار — fire
• وَقُود — fuel
• نَاس — people
• حِجَارَة — stones
• كَافِر — disbeliever
• صِدْق — truthfulness
• رَسُول — messenger
• صِحَّة — correctness
• مَعْشَر — group
• مُعَانِد — stubborn person
• رَادّ — rejecter
• دَعْوَة — call
• زَاعِم — claimant
• كَذِب — lie
• شَكّ — doubt
• اشْتِبَاه — ambiguity
• حَقّ — truth
• غَيْر — other
• فَيْصَلَة — decisive judgment
• بَشَر — human
• أَفْصَح — more eloquent
• أَعْلَم — most knowing
• كِتَاب — book
• عَوْن — helper
• يَسِير — easy
• خُصُوص — particularity
• أَهْل — people
• فَصَاحَة — eloquence
• خَطَابَة — oratory
• عَدَاوَة — enmity
• عَظِيم — great
• غَايَة — utmost
• عَجْز — inability
• تَقْيِيم — evaluation
• وَجْه — aspect
• إِنْصَاف — fairness
• تَنَزُّل — condescension, descent
• كُبْرَى — greatest
• وَاضِح — clear
• جَلِيّ — evident
• اتِّبَاع — following
• حَرَارَة — heat
• شِدَّة — intensity
• دُنْيَا — world
• حَطَب — firewood
• مُعَدّ — prepared
• مُهَيَّأ — ready
• كُفْر — disbelief
• تَحَدِّي — challenge
• تَعْجِيز — rendering incapable
• قُرْآن — Quran
• إِنْس — mankind
• جِنّ — jinn
• ظَهِير — supporter
• مَخْلُوق — creature
• تُرَاب — dust
• كَلَام — speech
• رَبّ — lord
• نَاقِص — deficient
• فَقِير — poor person