Tafsir as-Saadi (تيسير الكريم الرحمن في تفسير كلام المنان) — Page 1276

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْعَظِيمُ، وَفَصْلُ الْخِطَابِ} أَيْ: الْخُصُومَاتُ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ.

The Great, and the decisive judgment, meaning: the disputes between people.

وَهَلْ أَتَاكَ نَبَأُ الْخَصْمِ إِذْ تَسَوَّرُوا الْمِحْرَابَ * إِذْ دَخَلُوا عَلَى دَاوُدَ فَفَزِعَ مِنْهُمْ قَالُوا لَا تَخَفْ خَصْمَانِ بَغَى بَعْضُنَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَنَا بِالْحَقِّ وَلَا تُشْطِطْ وَاهْدِنَا إِلَى سَوَاءِ الصِّرَاطِ * إِنَّ هَذَا أَخِي لَهُ تِسْعٌ وَتِسْعُونَ نَعْجَةً وَلِيَ نَعْجَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَقَالَ أَكْفِلْنِيهَا وَعَزَّنِي فِي الْخِطَابِ * قَالَ لَقَدْ ظَلَمَكَ بِسُؤَالِ نَعْجَتِكَ إِلَى نِعَاجِهِ وَإِنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنَ الْخُلَطَاءِ لَيَبْغِي بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَقَلِيلٌ مَا هُمْ وَظَنَّ دَاوُدُ أَنَّمَا فَتَنَّاهُ فَاسْتَغْفَرَ رَبَّهُ وَخَرَّ رَاكِعًا وَأَنَابَ * فَغَفَرْنَا لَهُ ذَلِكَ وَإِنَّ لَهُ عِنْدَنَا لَزُلْفَى وَحُسْنَ مَآبِ * يَا دَاوُدُ إِنَّا جَعَلْنَاكَ خَلِيفَةً فِي الْأَرْضِ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ بِالْحَقِّ وَلَا تَتَّبِعِ الْهَوَى فَيُضِلَّكَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَضِلُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ بِمَا نَسُوا يَوْمَ الْحِسَابِ.

Has the news of the disputants reached you, when they scaled the wall of the prayer chamber? When they entered upon David, and he was alarmed by them. They said, "Do not fear. We are two disputants; one of us has wronged the other, so judge between us with truth and do not exceed it, and guide us to the sound path. This man is my brother; he has ninety-nine ewes, and I have one. He said, 'Entrust her to me,' and he overcame me in speech." David said, "He has certainly wronged you in demanding your ewe to be added to his. Indeed, many associates oppress one another, except for those who believe and do righteous deeds—and they are few." David realized that We had tried him, so he asked his Lord for forgiveness, fell down bowing, and turned to Him. We forgave him that, and indeed, he has a place of nearness with Us and a good return. O David, We have made you a successor upon the earth, so judge between the people with truth and do not follow personal inclination, as it will lead you astray from the way of Allah. Indeed, those who go astray from the way of Allah will have a severe punishment for having forgotten the Day of Account.

لَمَّا ذَكَرَ تَعَالَى أَنَّهُ آتَى نَبِيَّهُ دَاوُدَ الْفَصْلَ فِي الْخِطَابِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ وَكَانَ مَعْرُوفًا بِذَلِكَ مَقْصُودًا، ذَكَرَ تَعَالَى نَبَأَ اخْتَصَمَا عِنْدَهُ فِي قَضِيَّةٍ جَعَلَهُمَا اللَّهُ فِتْنَةً لِدَاوُدَ، وَمَوْعِظَةً لِخَلَلٍ ارْتَكَبَهُ، فَتَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ، وَغَفَرَ لَهُ، وَقَيَّضَ لَهُ هَذِهِ الْقَضِيَّةَ، فَقَالَ لِنَبِيِّهِ مُحَمَّدٍ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: وَهَلْ أَتَاكَ نَبَأُ الْخَصْمِ فَإِنَّهُ نَبَأٌ عَجِيبٌ إِذْ تَسَوَّرُوا عَلَى دَاوُدَ الْمِحْرَابَ أَيْ: مَحَلَّ عِبَادَتِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ إِذْنٍ وَلَا اسْتِئْذَانٍ، وَلَمْ يَدْخُلُوا عَلَيْهِ مَعَ بَابٍ، فَلِذَلِكَ لَمَّا دَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ بِهَذِهِ الصُّورَةِ، فَزِعَ مِنْهُمْ وَخَافَ فَقَالُوا لَهُ نَحْنُ خَصْمَانِ فَلَا تَخَفْ بَغَى بَعْضُنَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ بِالظُّلْمِ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَنَا بِالْحَقِّ أَيْ: بِالْعَدْلِ، وَلَا تَمِلْ مَعَ أَحَدِنَا وَلَا تُشْطِطْ وَاهْدِنَا إِلَى سَوَاءِ الصِّرَاطِ وَالْمَقْصُودُ مِنْ هَذَا، أَنَّ الْخَصْمَيْنِ قَدْ عُرِفَ أَنَّ قَصْدَهُمَا الْحَقُّ الْوَاضِحُ الصِّرْفُ وَإِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ، فَسَيَقُصَّانِ عَلَيْهِ نَبَأَهُمَا بِالْحَقِّ، فَلَمْ يَشْمَئِزَّ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ دَاوُدُ مِنْ وَعْظِهِمَا لَهُ، وَلَمْ يُؤَنِّبْهُمَا.

When the Almighty mentioned that He gave His prophet David the ability to render decisive judgment between people—a quality for which he was well-known and sought out—He mentioned the story of the two who disputed before him in a case that served as a trial for David and a lesson regarding a lapse he had committed. Allah accepted his repentance, forgave him, and brought this case before him. He said to His prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him: 'Has the news of the disputants reached you?' for it is a remarkable story, 'when they climbed the wall of the sanctuary upon David,' meaning: his place of worship, without permission or asking leave, and they did not enter through a door. When they entered in this manner, he was alarmed and afraid. They said to him, 'We are two disputants, so do not fear; one of us has wronged the other with injustice, so judge between us with truth,' meaning: with justice, 'and do not lean toward one of us, and do not deviate, and guide us to the straight path.' The point here is that the two disputants were known to be seeking only the clear, pure truth. Since that was the case, they would narrate their story to him truthfully, so the Prophet of Allah, David, was not offended by their preaching to him, nor did he rebuke them.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (54 verbs · 72 nouns)

• أَتَى — to come
• تَسَوَّرَ — to scale
• دَخَلَ — to enter
• عَظِيم — great
• فَصْل — decision
• خِطَاب — speech; discourse; address