Syrian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 7, Semester 1 — Page 16

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

قَوَاعِدُ اللُّغَةِ: الْفِعْلُ الصَّحِيحُ وَالْمُعْتَلُّ.

Language Rules: Sound and Weak Verbs.

أَقْرَأُ الْبَيْتَ الْآتِيَ، ثُمَّ أَعْمَلُ مَعَ زُمَلَائِي عَلَى تَنْفِيذِ النَّشَاطِ:

Read the following verse, then work with your classmates to complete the activity:

قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ حَيْدَر: بِالْحُبِّ نَصْنَعُ مَا نَشَاءُ مِنَ الْعُلَا، وَتَذُوبُ فِيهِ فَوَارِقُ الطَّبَقَاتِ.

Abd al-Rahman Haydar said: Through love, we create whatever heights we wish, and class differences melt away within it.

١. أَرُدُّ كُلّاً مِنَ الْفِعْلَيْنِ (نَصْنَعُ - تَذُوبُ) إِلَى الْمَاضِي وَأُبَيِّنُ نَوْعَهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ عَدَدِ أَحْرُفِهِ الْأَصْلِيَّةِ.

1. Convert each of the verbs (nasna'u - tadhubu) to the past tense and identify its type based on the number of its original letters.

٢. أُبَيِّنُ التَّغْيِيرَ الَّذِي طَرَأَ عَلَى الْفِعْلِ (تَذُوبُ) عِنْدَ رَدِّهِ إِلَى الْمَاضِي.

2. Explain the change that occurs in the verb (tadhubu) when converted to the past tense.

٣. أُحَدِّدُ الْفِعْلَ الَّذِي أَحَدُ حُرُوفِهِ الْأَصْلِيَّةِ حَرْفُ عِلَّةٍ، وَالْفِعْلَ الَّذِي خَلَتْ حُرُوفُهُ مِنْ أَحْرُفِ الْعِلَّةِ.

3. Identify which verb contains a weak letter among its original letters and which verb is free of them.

٤. أُسَمِّي الْفِعْلَ الَّذِي خَلَتْ حُرُوفُهُ الْأَصْلِيَّةُ مِنْ أَحْرُفِ الْعِلَّةِ فِعْلاً صَحِيحاً، مَاذَا أُسَمِّي الْفِعْلَ الَّذِي أَحَدُ حُرُوفِهِ الْأَصْلِيَّةِ حَرْفُ عِلَّةٍ؟

4. A verb whose original letters are free of weak letters is called a 'sound' verb. What do you call a verb that contains a weak letter among its original letters?

أَتَذَكَّرُ: الْفِعْلُ الصَّحِيحُ: هُوَ الْفِعْلُ الَّذِي خَلَتْ حُرُوفُهُ الْأَصْلِيَّةُ مِنْ أَحْرُفِ الْعِلَّةِ.

Remember: A sound verb is a verb whose original letters contain no weak letters.

الْفِعْلُ الْمُعْتَلُّ: هُوَ الْفِعْلُ الَّذِي كَانَ أَحَدُ حُرُوفِهِ الْأَصْلِيَّةِ حَرْفَ عِلَّةٍ.

A weak verb is a verb that contains a weak letter among its original letters.

أَحْرُفُ الْعِلَّةِ ثَلَاثَةٌ هِيَ: (الْأَلِفُ – الْوَاوُ – الْيَاءُ).

The three weak letters are: (Alif, Waw, Ya).

التَّطْبِيقُ: أَسْتَخْرِجُ الْأَفْعَالَ الْوَارِدَةَ فِي الْجُمَلِ الْآتِيَةِ، ثُمَّ أُصَنِّفُهَا وَفْقَ الْجَدْوَلِ:

Application: Extract the verbs from the following sentences, then classify them in the table:

عَمَّ الْخَيْرُ بِلَادَنَا.

Goodness has spread throughout our land.

بِالْمُثَابَرَةِ تَهُونُ الصِّعَابُ.

With perseverance, difficulties become easy.

مَعاً نَبْنِي الْحَيَاةَ مَحَبَّةً.

Together, we build a life of love.

الْفِعْلُ الصَّحِيحُ، الْفِعْلُ الْمُعْتَلُّ، حَرْفُ الْعِلَّةِ.

Sound verb, weak verb, weak letter.

أَقْرَأُ الْأَبْيَاتَ الْآتِيَةَ، ثُمَّ أَعْمَلُ مَعَ زُمَلَائِي عَلَى تَنْفِيذِ النَّشَاطِ:

Read the following verses, then work with your classmates to complete the activity:

قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ حَيْدَر: يَزْهُو التَّعَاوُنُ فِي الْحَيَاةِ مَحَبَّةً، غَمَرَتْ قُلُوبَ النَّاسِ بِالْبَسَمَاتِ، وَيَضُمُّنَا رَوْضُ السَّعَادَةِ كُلَّنَا، قَلْباً يَرِفُّ هَوَى مَعَ الْخَفَقَاتِ.

Abd al-Rahman Haydar said: Cooperation flourishes in life with love, flooding people's hearts with smiles; the garden of happiness gathers us all, a heart fluttering with passion in every beat.

سُمِّيَتْ أَحْرُفُ الْعِلَّةِ بِهَذَا الِاسْمِ لِمَا يُصِيبُهَا مِنْ حَذْفٍ أَوْ تَغْيِيرٍ عِنْدَ التَّصْرِيفِ.

Weak letters are so named because they are prone to deletion or change during conjugation.

Vocabulary · المفردات (25 verbs · 41 nouns)

• قَالَ — to say
• قَرَأَ — to read
• عَمِلَ — to work
• صَنَعَ — to make
• شَاءَ — to want
• ذَابَ — to melt
• رَدَّ — to return
• بَيَّنَ — to clarify
• طَرَأَ — to occur
• حَدَّدَ — to define
• خَلَا — to be empty
• سَمَّى — to name
• تَذَكَّرَ — to remember
• كَانَ — to be
• اِسْتَخْرَجَ — to extract
• صَنَّفَ — to classify
• عَمَّ — to spread
• هَانَ — to be easy
• بَنَى — to build
• زَهَا — to flourish
• غَمَرَ — to fill
• ضَمَّ — to include
• رَفَّ — to flutter
• هَوَى — to fall
• أَصَابَ — to affect
• قَاعِدَةٌ — rule
• لُغَةٌ — language
• فِعْلٌ — Form I (verb pattern)
• بَيْتٌ — verse
• زَمِيلٌ — colleague
• تَنْفِيذٌ — execution
• نَشَاطٌ — activity
• حُبٌّ — love
• عُلَا — highness
• فَارِقٌ — difference
• طَبَقَةٌ — class
• نَوْعٌ — type
• حَيْثُ — where
• عَدَدٌ — number
• حَرْفٌ — letter
• تَغْيِيرٌ — change
• عِلَّةٌ — vowel letter
• أَلِفٌ — alif
• وَاوٌ — letter waw
• يَاءٌ — ya
• تَطْبِيقٌ — application
• جُمْلَةٌ — sentence
• خَيْرٌ — good, goodness, welfare, benefit
• بِلَادٌ — country
• مُثَابَرَةٌ — perseverance
• صَعْبٌ — difficulty
• حَيَاةٌ — life
• مَحَبَّةٌ — affection
• جَدْوَلٌ — table
• تَعَاوُنٌ — cooperation
• قَلْبٌ — heart
• نَاسٌ — people
• بَسْمَةٌ — smile
• رَوْضٌ — garden
• سَعَادَةٌ — happiness
• خَفَقَةٌ — throb
• اسْمٌ — name
• حَذْفٌ — deletion
• تَصْرِيفٌ — conjugation
• أَصْلِيَّة — original
• وَارِدَة — appearing