Sharh Thalathat al-Usul by Ibn Uthaymeen (شرح ثلاثة الأصول) — Page 16

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الرَّحْمَنُ الرَّحِيمُ.

The Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

اعْلَمْ.

Know.

وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَوَيْلٌ لِلْكَافِرِينَ مِنْ عَذَابٍ شَدِيدٍ.

And what is on the earth, and woe to the disbelievers from a severe punishment.

لَا نَقُولُ إِنَّ لَفْظَ الْجَلَالَةِ «اللَّهُ» صِفَةٌ بَلْ نَقُولُ هِيَ عَطْفُ بَيَانٍ لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لَفْظُ الْجَلَالَةِ تَابِعاً تَبَعِيَّةَ النَّعْتِ لِلْمَنْعُوتِ.

We do not say that the word of majesty 'Allah' is an adjective; rather, we say it is an explanatory appositive (atf bayan), so that the word of majesty does not become a follower in the manner of an adjective following a noun.

الرَّحْمَنُ اسْمٌ مِنَ الْأَسْمَاءِ الْمُخْتَصَّةِ بِاللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَا يُطْلَقُ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ وَالرَّحْمَنُ مَعْنَاهُ الْمُتَّصِفُ بِالرَّحْمَةِ الْوَاسِعَةِ.

Al-Rahman (The Most Gracious) is a name among the names specific to Allah, the Almighty and Majestic; it is not applied to anyone else, and the meaning of Al-Rahman is the One characterized by vast mercy.

الرَّحِيمُ يُطْلَقُ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَعَلَى غَيْرِهِ، وَمَعْنَاهُ ذُو الرَّحْمَةِ الْوَاصِلَةِ، فَالرَّحْمَنُ ذُو الرَّحْمَةِ الْوَاسِعَةِ وَالرَّحِيمُ ذُو الرَّحْمَةِ الْوَاصِلَةِ فَإِذَا جُمِعَا صَارَ الْمُرَادُ بِالرَّحِيمِ الْمُوصِلُ رَحْمَتَهُ إِلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: يُعَذِّبُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَرْحَمُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَإِلَيْهِ تُقْلَبُونَ.

Al-Rahim (The Most Merciful) is applied to Allah, the Almighty and Majestic, and to others, and its meaning is the possessor of reaching mercy; thus, Al-Rahman is the possessor of vast mercy, and Al-Rahim is the possessor of reaching mercy. When they are combined, the intended meaning of Al-Rahim becomes the One who delivers His mercy to whom He wills among His servants, as Allah the Exalted said: 'He punishes whom He wills and has mercy on whom He wills, and to Him you will be returned.'

الْعِلْمُ هُوَ إِدْرَاكُ الشَّيْءِ عَلَى مَا هُوَ عَلَيْهِ إِدْرَاكاً جَازِماً.

Knowledge is the perception of a thing as it truly is, with a definitive perception.

وَمَرَاتِبُ الْإِدْرَاكِ سِتٌّ:

The levels of perception are six:

الْأُولَى: الْعِلْمُ وَهُوَ إِدْرَاكُ الشَّيْءِ عَلَى مَا هُوَ عَلَيْهِ إِدْرَاكاً جَازِماً.

First: Knowledge, which is the perception of a thing as it truly is, with a definitive perception.

الثَّانِيَةُ: الْجَهْلُ الْبَسِيطُ وَهُوَ عَدَمُ الْإِدْرَاكِ بِالْكُلِّيَّةِ.

Second: Simple ignorance, which is the total lack of perception.

الثَّالِثَةُ: الْجَهْلُ الْمُرَكَّبُ وَهُوَ إِدْرَاكُ الشَّيْءِ عَلَى وَجْهٍ يُخَالِفُ مَا هُوَ عَلَيْهِ.

Third: Compound ignorance, which is the perception of a thing in a way that contradicts what it truly is.

الرَّابِعَةُ: الْوَهْمُ وَهُوَ إِدْرَاكُ الشَّيْءِ مَعَ احْتِمَالِ ضِدٍّ رَاجِحٍ.

Fourth: Illusion (wahm), which is the perception of a thing with the possibility of a more likely opposite.

الْخَامِسَةُ: الشَّكُّ وَهُوَ إِدْرَاكُ الشَّيْءِ مَعَ احْتِمَالٍ مُسَاوٍ.

Fifth: Doubt (shakk), which is the perception of a thing with an equal possibility (of the opposite).

السَّادِسَةُ: الظَّنُّ وَهُوَ إِدْرَاكُ الشَّيْءِ مَعَ احْتِمَالِ ضِدٍّ مَرْجُوحٍ.

Sixth: Conjecture (zann), which is the perception of a thing with the possibility of a less likely opposite.

وَالْعِلْمُ يَنْقَسِمُ إِلَى قِسْمَيْنِ: ضَرُورِيٍّ وَنَظَرِيٍّ.

Knowledge is divided into two categories: necessary (intuitive) and theoretical (acquired).

Vocabulary · المفردات (10 verbs · 50 nouns)

• عَلِمَ — to know
• أَطْلَقَ — to apply/use a term
• جَمَعَ — to gather
• صَارَ — to become
• شَاءَ — to will
• عَذَّبَ — to punish
• رَحِمَ — to have mercy
• قَلَبَ — to turn
• خَالَفَ — to contradict
• انْقَسَمَ — to be divided
• رَحْمَنٌ — the Most Merciful
• رَحِيمٌ — Merciful
• أَرْضٌ — earth
• وَيْلٌ — woe
• كَافِرٌ — disbeliever
• عَذَابٌ — punishment
• شَدِيدٌ — severe
• لَفْظٌ — word
• جَلَالَةٌ — majesty
• صِفَةٌ — attribute
• عَطْفٌ — conjunction
• بَيَانٌ — explanation
• تَابِعٌ — follower
• تَبَعِيَّةٌ — dependency
• نَعْتٌ — adjective
• مَنْعُوتٌ — described
• اسْمٌ — name
• مُخْتَصٌّ — specialized
• غَيْرٌ — other
• مَعْنًى — meaning
• مُتَّصِفٌ — characterized
• رَحْمَةٌ — mercy
• وَاسِعٌ — vast
• وَاصِلٌ — reaching
• ذُو — possessor
• مُرَادٌ — intended meaning
• مُوصِلٌ — conveyor
• عَبْدٌ — servant
• عِلْمٌ — knowledge
• إِدْرَاكٌ — perception
• شَيْءٌ — thing
• جَازِمٌ — certain
• مَرْتَبَةٌ — rank
• جَهْلٌ — ignorance
• بَسِيطٌ — simple
• عَدَمٌ — lack
• كُلِّيَّةٌ — totality
• مُرَكَّبٌ — compound
• وَجْهٌ — aspect
• وَهْمٌ — illusion
• احْتِمَالٌ — possibility
• ضِدٌّ — opposite
• رَاجِحٌ — preponderant
• شَكٌّ — doubt
• مُسَاوٍ — equal
• ظَنٌّ — conjecture
• مَرْجُوحٌ — less probable
• قِسْمٌ — part
• ضَرُورِيٌّ — necessary
• نَظَرِيٌّ — theoretical