Sharh Thalathat al-Usul by Ibn Uthaymeen (شرح ثلاثة الأصول) — Page 115

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَأَمَّا الْوَاقِعُ فَإِنَّ كُلَّ إِنْسَانٍ يَعْلَمُ الْفَرْقَ بَيْنَ أَفْعَالِهِ الْإِخْتِيَارِيَّةِ الَّتِي يَفْعَلُهَا بِإِرَادَتِهِ كَالْأَكْلِ وَالشُّرْبِ وَالْبَيْعِ وَالشِّرَاءِ، وَبَيْنَ مَا يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِ بِغَيْرِ إِرَادَتِهِ كَالِارْتِعَاشِ مِنَ الْحُمَّى وَالسُّقُوطِ مِنَ السَّطْحِ، فَهُوَ فِي الْأَوَّلِ فَاعِلٌ مُخْتَارٌ بِإِرَادَتِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ جَبْرٍ، وَفِي الثَّانِي غَيْرُ مُخْتَارٍ وَلَا مُرِيدٍ لِمَا وَقَعَ عَلَيْهِ.

In reality, everyone knows the difference between voluntary actions performed by choice—such as eating, drinking, buying, or selling—and things that happen involuntarily, like shivering from a fever or falling from a roof. In the former, a person acts by their own free will without compulsion; in the latter, they are neither choosing nor intending what has befallen them.

وَالرَّدُّ عَلَى الطَّائِفَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ (الْقَدَرِيَّةِ) بِالشَّرْعِ وَالْعَقْلِ:

The response to the second sect, the Qadariyyah, rests on both religious law and reason.

أَمَّا الشَّرْعُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى خَالِقُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، وَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ كَائِنٌ بِمَشِيئَتِهِ، وَقَدْ بَيَّنَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي كِتَابِهِ أَنَّ أَفْعَالَ الْعِبَادِ تَقَعُ بِمَشِيئَتِهِ

Regarding religious law, Allah is the Creator of all things, and everything exists by His will. He has made it clear in His Book that the actions of His servants occur only by His decree.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (17 verbs · 39 nouns)

• عَلِمَ — to know
• فَعَلَ — to do
• وَقَعَ — to happen
• عَبْد — slave
• وَاقِع — reality
• إِنْسَان — human