Sharh Riyad as-Saliheen by Ibn Uthaymeen — Volume 4 (شرح رياض الصالحين) — Page 113

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

بَابُ فَضْلِ الْعِلْمِ تَعَلُّمًا وَتَعْلِيمًا لِلَّهِ.

(from previous page) ⟵ It was narrated by Ahmad (5/196), Abu Dawud: Book of Knowledge, Chapter on Encouraging the Seeking of Knowledge, no. (3641), and Al-Tirmidhi: Book of Knowledge, Chapter on What Has Been Reported Regarding the Virtue of Jurisprudence Over Worship, no. (2682), and Ibn Majah: The Introduction, Chapter on the Virtue of Scholars and Encouraging the Seeking of Knowledge, Chapter on the Virtue of Knowledge in Learning and Teaching for the Sake of Allah.

الشَّرْحُ: سَاقَ الْمُؤَلِّفُ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي بَابِ فَضْلِ الْعِلْمِ تَعَلُّمًا وَتَعْلِيمًا لِلَّهِ حَدِيثَ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ سَلَكَ طَرِيقًا يَبْتَغِي فِيهِ عِلْمًا سَهَّلَ اللَّهُ لَهُ طَرِيقًا إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ» وَقَدْ سَبَقَ بَيَانُ مَعْنَى هَذِهِ الْجُمْلَةِ، وَفِيهِ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «وَإِنَّ الْعَالِمَ لَيَسْتَغْفِرُ لَهُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ حَتَّى الْحِيتَانُ فِي الْمَاءِ»، وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى فَضْلِ الْعِلْمِ، وَأَنَّ الْعُلَمَاءَ يَسْتَغْفِرُ لَهُمْ أَهْلُ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَحَتَّى الْحِيتَانُ فِي الْبَحْرِ، وَحَتَّى الدَّوَابُّ فِي الْبَرِّ، كُلُّ شَيْءٍ يَسْتَغْفِرُ لَهُ، وَلَا تَسْتَغْرِبْ أَنْ تَكُونَ هَذِهِ الْحَيَوَانَاتُ تَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِلْعَالِمِ؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى قَالَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ الْكَرِيمِ عَلَى لِسَانِ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ: ﴿رَبُّنَا الَّذِي أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدَى﴾ [طه: ٥٠]، فَالْبَهَائِمُ وَالْحَشَرَاتُ تَعْلَمُ رَبَّهَا عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَتَعْرِفُهُ وَتُسَبِّحُ لَهُ ﴿تُسَبِّحُ لَهُ السَّمَوَاتُ السَّبْعُ وَالْأَرْضُ وَمَنْ فِيهِنَّ وَإِنْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِهِ وَلَكِنْ لَا تَفْقَهُونَ تَسْبِيحَهُمْ﴾ [الْإِسْرَاءِ: ٤٤].

Explanation: The author, may Allah have mercy on him, introduces this chapter by citing the hadith of Abu al-Darda, in which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Whoever follows a path seeking knowledge, Allah will make easy for him a path to Paradise." The meaning of this has already been explained. The author also includes the hadith where the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Indeed, those in the heavens and on earth, even the fish in the water, seek forgiveness for the scholar." This highlights the virtue of knowledge; the inhabitants of the heavens and the earth—from the fish in the sea to the beasts on land—all seek forgiveness for the scholar. Do not be surprised that these creatures seek forgiveness from Allah for the scholar, for Allah says in the Quran, through the words of Moses (peace be upon him): "Our Lord is He who gave each thing its form and then guided it" [Taha: 50]. Beasts and insects know their Lord, recognize Him, and glorify Him: "The seven heavens and the earth and whatever is in them exalt Him. There is not a thing except that it exalts Him by His praise, but you do not understand their way of exalting" [Al-Isra: 44].

كُلُّ شَيْءٍ يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى إِنَّ الْحَصَى سُمِعَ تَسْبِيحُهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَهُوَ حَصًى؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى رَبُّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَمَلِيكُهُ، حَتَّى إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَالَ لِلسَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ: ﴿ائْتِيَا طَوْعًا أَوْ كَرْهًا قَالَتَا أَتَيْنَا طَائِعِينَ﴾ [فُصِّلَتْ: ١١]، فَخَاطَبَهُمَا فَخَاطَبَتَاهُ، ائْتِيَا طَوْعًا أَوْ كَرْهًا يَعْنِي لِمَا أَمَرَهُمَا بِهِ، قَالَتَا: أَتَيْنَا طَائِعِينَ، فَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ يَمْتَثِلُ أَمْرَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِلَّا الْكَفَرَةَ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ وَالْجِنِّ، وَلِهَذَا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ الْعَزِيزِ: ﴿إِنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنَ النَّاسِ يَسْجُدُ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَكَثِيرٌ حَقَّ عَلَيْهِ الْعَذَابُ أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَسْجُدُ لَهُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَالشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ وَالنُّجُومُ وَالْجِبَالُ وَالشَّجَرُ وَالدَّوَابُّ وَكَثِيرٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَكَثِيرٌ حَقَّ عَلَيْهِ الْعَذَابُ﴾ [الْحَجِّ: ١٨]، لَا يَسْجُدُ، وَلِهَذَا الْكَافِرُ لَا يَسْتَجِيبُ اللَّهَ.

Everything glorifies Allah. The glorification of pebbles was even heard in the hands of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), for Allah is the Lord and Sovereign of all things. He said to the heavens and the earth: "Come, willingly or by compulsion." They replied, "We have come willingly" [Fussilat: 11]. He addressed them, and they responded to His command. Everything complies with Allah's decree except for the disbelievers among mankind and the Jinn. This is why Allah says in His Noble Book: "Do you not see that to Allah prostrates whoever is in the heavens and whoever is on the earth and the sun, the moon, the stars, the mountains, the trees, the moving creatures and many of the people? But for many the punishment has been justified" [Al-Hajj: 18]. Those who do not prostrate are the ones for whom the punishment is justified, and it is for this reason that the disbeliever fails to respond to Allah.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (24 verbs · 57 nouns)

• سَاقَ — to mention
• رَحِمَ — to have mercy
• قَالَ — to say
• بَاب — chapter
• فَضْل — virtue
• عِلْم — knowledge