Sharh Riyad as-Saliheen by Ibn Uthaymeen — Volume 1 (شرح رياض الصالحين) — Page 915

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

شَرْحُ رِيَاضِ الصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ كَلَامِ سَيِّدِ الْمُرْسَلِينَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ

Commentary on Riyadh al-Salihin, based on the words of the Master of the Messengers, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

وَخَيْبَرُ مَزَارِعُ وَحُصُونٌ لِلْيَهُودِ، كَانَتْ نَحْوَ مِائَةِ مِيلٍ فِي الشَّمَالِ الْغَرْبِيِّ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، سَكَنَهَا الْيَهُودُ كَمَا سَكَنَتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمُ الْمَدِينَةَ نَفْسَهَا؛ لِأَنَّ الْيَهُودَ يَقْرَؤُونَ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ أَنَّهُ سَيُبْعَثُ نَبِيٌّ، وَسَيَكُونُ مُهَاجَرُهُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَتُسَمَّى فِي الْعَهْدِ الْقَدِيمِ يَثْرِبَ، لَكِنَّهُ نُهِيَ عَنْ تَسْمِيَتِهَا يَثْرِبَ)، وَأَنَّهُ سَيُهَاجِرُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَسَيُقَاتِلُ وَيَنْتَصِرُ عَلَى أَعْدَائِهِ، فَعَلِمُوا أَنَّ هَذَا حَقٌّ، وَذَهَبُوا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَسَكَنُوهَا، وَسَكَنُوا خَيْبَرَ، وَكَانُوا يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّ هَذَا النَّبِيَّ سَيَكُونُ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، فَلَمَّا بُعِثَ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ حَسَدُوهُمْ وَكَفَرُوا بِهِ، وَالْعِيَاذُ بِاللَّهِ، بَعْدَ أَنْ كَانُوا يَعْرِفُونَهُ كَمَا يَعْرِفُونَ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ، ﴿فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُم مَّا عَرَفُواْ كَفَرُوا بِهِ﴾ [الْبَقَرَةِ: ٨٩]، وَقَالُوا: لَيْسَ هَذَا هُوَ النَّبِيَّ الَّذِي بُشِّرْنَا بِهِ.

Khaybar was an area of farms and fortresses belonging to the Jews, located about one hundred miles northwest of Medina. The Jews settled there just as a faction of them had settled in Medina itself. They had read in the Torah that a prophet would be sent and that he would migrate to Medina—known in the Old Testament as Yathrib, though he was later forbidden from using that name. They knew he would migrate, fight, and defeat his enemies. Recognizing this truth, they moved to Medina and Khaybar. They assumed this prophet would be from the Children of Israel, but when he was sent from the Children of Ishmael among the Arabs, they grew envious and disbelieved—may Allah protect us—even though they recognized him as clearly as they recognized their own sons. As the Quran states: 'When there came to them that which they recognized, they disbelieved in it' [Al-Baqarah: 89]. They claimed he was not the prophet they had been promised.

وَحَصَلَ مِنْهُمْ مَا حَصَلَ مِنَ الْعَهْدِ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ، ثُمَّ الْخِيَانَةُ، وَكَانُوا فِي الْمَدِينَةِ ثَلَاثُ قَبَائِلَ: بَنُو قَيْنُقَاعَ، وَبَنُو النَّضِيرِ، وَبَنُو قُرَيْظَةَ، وَكُلُّهُمْ عَاهَدَ النَّبِيَّ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ، وَلَكِنَّهُمْ نَقَضُوا الْعَهْدَ كُلُّهُمْ.

Events unfolded regarding their covenant with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, followed by their betrayal. There were three tribes in Medina: Banu Qaynuqa, Banu al-Nadir, and Banu Qurayza. All of them had entered into a covenant with the Prophet, yet all of them eventually broke it.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (28 verbs · 48 nouns)

• صَلَّى — to pray
• كَانَ — to be
• سَكَنَ — to inhabit
• شَرْحٌ — explanation
• رِيَاضٌ — gardens
• صَالِحٌ — righteous man