Sharh Kashf al-Shubuhat by Ibn Uthaymeen (شرح كشف الشبهات) — Page 38

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْأَوَّلُ: أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْ شَخْصٍ يَدِينُ بِغَيْرِ الْإِسْلَامِ أَوْ لَا يَدِينُ بِشَيْءٍ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يَخْطُرُ بِبَالِهِ أَنَّ دِينًا يُخَالِفُ مَا هُوَ عَلَيْهِ فَهَذَا تَجْرِي عَلَيْهِ أَحْكَامُ الظَّاهِرِ فِي الدُّنْيَا، وَأَمَّا فِي الْآخِرَةِ فَأَمْرُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ - تَعَالَى - وَالْقَوْلُ الرَّاجِحُ أَنَّهُ يُمْتَحَنُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ بِمَا يَشَاءُ اللَّهُ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا كَانُوا عَامِلِينَ، لَكِنَّنَا نَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ لَنْ يَدْخُلَ النَّارَ إِلَّا بِذَنْبٍ لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَلَا يَظْلِمُ رَبُّكَ أَحَدًا.

The first case involves someone who follows a religion other than Islam or no religion at all, and who never considered that their beliefs might be contrary to the truth. In this world, they are subject to the outward rulings of the law. As for the hereafter, their affair rests with Allah, the Exalted. The most supported view is that they will be tested in the afterlife as Allah wills, for He knows best what they were doing. We do know, however, that no one will enter the Fire except for a sin, as the Exalted says: Your Lord does not wrong anyone.

وَإِنَّمَا قُلْنَا تَجْرِي عَلَيْهِ أَحْكَامُ الظَّاهِرِ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَهِيَ أَحْكَامُ الْكُفْرِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَدِينُ بِالْإِسْلَامِ فَلَا يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يُعْطَى حُكْمَهُ، وَإِنَّمَا قُلْنَا بِأَنَّ الرَّاجِحَ أَنَّهُ يُمْتَحَنُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ لِأَنَّهُ جَاءَ فِي ذَلِكَ آثَارٌ كَثِيرَةٌ ذَكَرَهَا ابْنُ الْقَيِّمِ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - فِي كِتَابِهِ: طَرِيقُ الْهِجْرَتَيْنِ عِنْدَ كَلَامِهِ عَلَى الْمَذْهَبِ الثَّامِنِ فِي أَطْفَالِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ تَحْتَ الْكَلَامِ عَلَى الطَّبَقَةِ الرَّابِعَةِ عَشْرَةَ.

We say that the outward rulings of disbelief apply to such a person in this world because they do not profess Islam, and thus cannot be granted its status. The reason we maintain that the stronger view is that they will be tested in the hereafter is that many traditions support this. Ibn al-Qayyim, may Allah have mercy on him, cited these in his book, Tariq al-Hijratayn, while discussing the eighth school of thought regarding the children of polytheists within his analysis of the fourteenth class.

النَّوْعُ الثَّانِي: أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْ شَخْصٍ يَدِينُ بِالْإِسْلَامِ وَلَكِنَّهُ عَاشَ عَلَى هَذَا الْمُكَفِّرِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يَخْطُرُ بِبَالِهِ أَنَّهُ مُخَالِفٌ لِلْإِسْلَامِ، وَلَا نَبَّهَهُ أَحَدٌ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَهَذَا تَجْرَى عَلَيْهِ أَحْكَامُ الْإِسْلَامِ ظَاهِرًا، أَمَّا فِي الْآخِرَةِ فَأَمْرُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ.

The second type involves a person who professes Islam but has lived practicing a disbelieving act without ever realizing it contradicts their faith, and no one has ever alerted them to the error. Such a person is treated according to the outward rulings of Islam. Their ultimate affair in the hereafter rests with Allah, the Mighty and Majestic.

…3 more translated lines, 19 more verbs and 46 more nouns on this page — subscribe to study every page.

Vocabulary · المفردات (22 verbs · 49 nouns)

• دَانَ — to profess
• خَطَرَ — to occur
• خَالَفَ — to contradict
• أَوَّل — first
• شَخْص — person
• غَيْر — other