Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 2 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 9

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

لَا الَّتِي لِنَفْيِ الْجِنْسِ

The 'la' which is for the negation of the genus.

وَأَمَّا جَمْعُ الْمُؤَنَّثِ السَّالِمِ فَقَالَ قَوْمٌ : مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى مَا كَانَ يُنْصَبُ بِهِ ـ وَهُوَ الْكَسْرُ

As for the sound feminine plural, a group said: It is indeclinable based on what it used to be accusative with—which is the kasra.

فَتَقُولُ : ( لَا مُسْلِمَاتِ لَكِ ) ، بِكَسْرِ التَّاءِ ، وَمِنْهُ قَوْلُهُ

So you say: '(La muslimati laki)' [There are no Muslim women for you], with a kasra on the ta', and from this is his saying:

إِنَّ الشَّبَابَ الَّذِي يَجُدُّ عَوَاقِبُهُ

109 - Indeed, youth, whose consequences are serious,

فِيهِ تَلَدُّ ، وَلَا لَذَّاتِ لِلطَّيْبِ

In it you are born, and there are no pleasures for the pleasant.

بِالْحَرْفِ فِي وَجْهٍ مِنْ وُجُوهِ الشَّبَهِ الَّتِي تَقَدَّمَ بَيَانُهَا : أَلَّا يُعَارِضَ هَذَا الشَّبَهَ شَيْءٌ مِنْ خُصُوصِيَّاتِ الْأَسْمَاءِ

With the particle in one of the aspects of resemblance that have been previously explained: that nothing from the specific characteristics of nouns should contradict this resemblance.

وَالْجَوَابُ عَلَى هَذِهِ الشُّبْهَةِ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ : أَوَّلُهُمَا وَهُوَ وَجْهٌ عَقْلِيٌّ أَنَّ مَا كَانَ مِنْ خَصَائِصِ الْأَسْمَاءِ إِنَّمَا يَقْدَحُ فِي بِنَاءِ الِاسْمِ وَيُعَارِضُهُ إِذَا طَرَأَ عَلَى الِاسْمِ بَعْدَ كَوْنِهِ مَبْنِيًّا

The answer to this doubt is from two aspects: the first of them, which is a rational aspect, is that what is from the characteristics of nouns only undermines the indeclinability of the noun and contradicts it if it occurs to the noun after it has become indeclinable.

فَأَمَّا إِذَا كَانَ مَا هُوَ مِنْ خَصَائِصِ الْأَسْمَاءِ مَوْجُودًا فِي الِاسْمِ ثُمَّ عَرَضَ لِهَذَا الِاسْمِ مَا يَقْتَضِي شَبَهَهُ بِالْحَرْفِ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ – فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُعَارِضُ سَبَبَ الْبِنَاءِ وَلَا يَمْنَعُ مِنْهُ

As for if what is from the characteristics of nouns is present in the noun, and then something occurs to this noun that necessitates its resemblance to the particle after that, then it does not contradict the cause of indeclinability nor does it prevent it.

وَنَحْنُ نَدَّعِي أَنَّ الِاسْمَ كَانَ مُثَنًّى أَوْ مَجْمُوعًا ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ لَا فَتَرَكَّبَ مَعَهَا تَرَكُّبَ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ ، فَوُجِدَ سَبَبُ الْبِنَاءِ طَارِئًا عَلَى مَا هُوَ مِنْ خَصَائِصِ الِاسْمِ

And we claim that the noun was dual or plural, then 'la' entered upon it, so it compounded with it like the compounding of 'fifteen', so the cause of indeclinability was found to be occurring upon what is from the characteristics of the noun.

الثَّانِي ـ وَهُوَ نَقْضٌ لِمَذْهَبِهِ بِعَدَمِ الِاطِّرَادِ - أَنَّ الْمُبَرِّدَ نَفْسَهُ قَدِ اتَّفَقَ مَعَ الْجُمْهُورِ عَلَى بِنَاءِ اسْمِ لَا الْمَجْمُوعِ جَمْعَ تَكْسِيرٍ ، وَلَمْ يَعْبَأْ مَعَهُ بِمَا هُوَ مِنْ خَصَائِصِ الِاسْمِ وَهُوَ الْجَمْعُ

The second—which is a refutation of his school of thought due to lack of consistency—is that al-Mubarrad himself agreed with the majority on the indeclinability of the noun of 'la' when it is a broken plural, and he did not concern himself with what is from the characteristics of nouns, which is the pluralization;

كَمَا اتَّفَقَ مَعَ الْجُمْهُورِ عَلَى بِنَاءِ الْمُنَادَى الْمُثَنَّى أَوِ الْمَجْمُوعِ جَمْعَ الْمُذَكَّرِ السَّالِمِ عَلَى مَا يُرْفَعُ بِهِ ، وَلَمْ يَعْبَأْ بِمَا هُوَ مِنْ خَصَائِصِ الْأَسْمَاءِ

Just as he agreed with the majority on the indeclinability of the vocative when it is dual or a sound masculine plural, based on what it is nominative with, and he did not concern himself with what is from the characteristics of nouns.

الْبَيْتُ لِسَلَامَةَ بْنِ جَنْدَلٍ السَّعْدِيِّ ، مِنْ قَصِيدَةٍ لَهُ مُسْتَجَادَةٍ ، وَأَوَّلُهَا قَوْلُهُ

The verse is by Salamah ibn Jandal al-Sa'di, from an excellent poem of his, and the beginning of it is his saying:

أَوْدَى الشَّبَابُ حَمِيداً ذُو التَّعَاجِيبِ أَوْدَى ، وَذَلِكَ شَأْوٌ غَيْرُ مَطْلُوبِ

Youth has departed, praiseworthy, possessor of wonders, it has departed, and that is a goal not sought.

وَلَّى حَثِيثاً ، وَذَاكَ الشَّيْبُ يَتْبَعُهُ لَوْ كَانَ يُدْرِكُهُ رَكْضُ الْيَعَاقِيبِ

It turned away quickly, and that gray hair follows it, if the running of partridges could catch up to it.

اللُّغَةُ : « أَوْدَى » ، ذَهَبَ وَفَنِيَ ، وَكَرَّرَ هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَةَ تَأْكِيداً لِمَضْمُونِهَا ، لِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ إِنْشَاءَ التَّحَسُّرِ وَالتَّحَزُّنِ عَلَى ذَهَابِ شَبَابِهِ

Language: 'Awda' means it went away and perished, and he repeated this word to emphasize its content, because he only intended to express regret and sorrow over the departure of his youth.

حَمِيداً » ، مَحْمُوداً

'Hamidan' means praiseworthy.

التَّعَاجِيبُ » ، جَمْعُ الْعَجَبِ وَهُوَ جَمْعٌ لِمُفْرَدٍ غَيْرِ مُفْرَدِهِ الْمُسْتَعْمَلِ ، وَهُوَ الْمُعَبَّرُ عَنْهُ بِأَنَّهُ لَا وَاحِدَ لَهُ مِنْ لَفْظِهِ

'Al-Ta'ajib' is the plural of 'al-'ajab', and it is a plural for a singular that is not its used singular, and it is what is expressed as having no singular from its own root.

وَيُرْوَى فِي مَكَانِهِ « الْأَعَاجِيبُ » ، وَهُوَ جَمْعُ أُعْجُوبَةٍ ، وَهِيَ الْأَمْرُ الَّذِي يُتَعَجَّبُ مِنْهُ

And it is narrated in its place 'al-a'ajib', and it is the plural of 'u'jubah', which is the thing that is wondered at.

شَأْوٌ » ، هُوَ الشَّوْطُ

'Sha'w' is the goal/distance.

حَثِيثاً » ، سَرِيعاً

'Hathithan' means quickly.

الْيَعَاقِيبُ » ، جَمْعُ يَعْقُوبٍ ، وَهُوَ ذَكَرُ الْحَجَلِ

'Al-Ya'aqib' is the plural of 'Ya'qub', and it is the male partridge.

يَجُدُّ عَوَاقِبُهُ » ، الْمُرَادُ أَنَّ نِهَايَتَهُ مَحْمُودَةٌ

'Yajuddu 'awaqibuhu' means the intended meaning is that its end is praiseworthy.

الشَّيْبُ » ، بِكَسْرِ الشِّينِ جَمْعُ أَشْيَبَ وَهُوَ الَّذِي ابْيَضَّ شَعْرُهُ

'Al-Shib', with a kasra on the shin, is the plural of 'ashyab', and he is the one whose hair has turned white.

وَرُوِيَ صَدْرُ الْبَيْتِ الْمُسْتَشْهَدِ بِهِ هَكَذَا : أَوْدَى الشَّبَابُ الَّذِي تَجِدُّ ... إِلَخْ

The first hemistich of the cited verse is narrated as follows: 'Youth has departed, which you find... etc.' ⟶ (sentence continues on next page)

Vocabulary · المفردات (22 verbs · 46 nouns)

• قَالَ — to say
• نَصَبَ — to set up
• جَدَّ — to be good/praiseworthy
• لَذَّ — to enjoy
• تَقَدَّمَ — to precede
• عَارَضَ — to oppose
• قَدَحَ — to criticize
• طَرَأَ — to occur
• عَرَضَ — to happen
• اقْتَضَى — to require
• مَنَعَ — to prevent
• ادَّعَى — to claim
• دَخَلَ — to enter
• تَرَكَّبَ — to be composed
• وَجَدَ — to find
• اتَّفَقَ — to agree
• عَبَأَ — to care
• رَفَعَ — to raise
• أَوْدَى — to perish
• وَلَّى — to turn away
• تَبِعَ — to follow
• أَدْرَكَ — to reach
• جِنْس — gender
• جَمْع — plural
• مُؤَنَّث — feminine
• سَالِم — sound
• قَوْم — people
• كَسْر — kasra
• مُسْلِمَة — female Muslim
• تَاء — ta letter
• شَبَاب — youth
• عَاقِبَة — consequence
• لَذَّة — pleasure
• طَيِّب — good
• حَرْف — letter
• وَجْه — aspect
• شَبَه — resemblance
• بَيَان — explanation
• شَيْء — thing
• خُصُوصِيَّة — peculiarity
• اسْم — noun
• جَوَاب — answer
• شُبْهَة — doubt
• عَقْلِيّ — rational
• خَصِيصَة — characteristic
• بِنَاء — construction
• مَوْجُود — existent
• مُثَنَّى — dual
• مَجْمُوع — collected
• خَمْسَة — five
• عَشَر — ten
• سَبَب — cause
• طَارِئ — emergent
• نَقْض — invalidation
• مَذْهَب — school of thought
• اطِّرَاد — regularity
• جُمْهُور — majority
• تَكْسِير — broken
• مُنَادَى — vocative
• مُذَكَّر — masculine
• حَمِيد — praiseworthy
• تَعَاجِيب — wonders
• شَأْو — goal
• مَطْلُوب — sought
• حَنِين — longing
• شَيْب — gray hair
• رَكْض — running
• يَعَاقِيب — partridges