Sharh Ibn Aqil on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik — Volume 2 (شرح ابن عقيل على ألفية ابن مالك) — Page 13

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

لَا الَّتِي لِنَفْيِ الْجِنْسِ.

The 'la' which is for the negation of the genus.

الثَّالِثُ: الرَّفْعُ، وَفِيهِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَوْجُهٍ؛

The third: the nominative case, and in it are three aspects.

الْأَوَّلُ: أَنْ يَكُونَ مَعْطُوفًا عَلَى مَحَلِّ «لَا» وَاسْمِهَا؛

The first: that it be conjoined to the place of 'la' and its noun.

لِأَنَّهُمَا فِي مَوْضِعِ رَفْعٍ بِالِابْتِدَاءِ عِنْدَ سِيبَوَيْهِ، وَحِينَئِذٍ تَكُونُ «لَا» زَائِدَةً،

Because they are in a position of nominative case by initiation according to Sibawayh, and at that time 'la' is extra.

الثَّانِي: أَنْ تَكُونَ «لَا» الثَّانِيَةُ عَمِلَتْ عَمَلَ «لَيْسَ»،

The second: that the second 'la' acted with the action of 'laysa'.

الثَّالِثُ: أَنْ يَكُونَ مَرْفُوعًا بِالِابْتِدَاءِ، وَلَيْسَ لِـ«لَا» عَمَلٌ فِيهِ، وَذَلِكَ نَحْوَ: «لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ»

The third: that it be in the nominative case by initiation, and 'la' has no action upon it, and that is like: 'There is no power and no strength except by Allah'.

وَمِنْهُ قَوْلُهُ: هَذَا لَعَمْرُكُمُ الصَّغَارُ بِعَيْنِهِ لَا أُمَّ لِي إِنْ كَانَ ذَاكَ وَلَا أَبُ.

And from it is his saying: This, by your life, is humiliation itself, I have no mother if that is so, and no father.

الشَّاهِدُ فِيهِ: قَوْلُهُ «وَلَا خُلَّةَ»، حَيْثُ نُصِبَ عَلَى تَقْدِيرِ أَنْ تَكُونَ «لَا» زَائِدَةً لِلتَّأْكِيدِ،

The evidence in it: his saying 'and no friendship', where it was put in the accusative case on the estimation that 'la' is extra for emphasis.

وَيَكُونُ «خُلَّةَ» مَعْطُوفًا بِالْوَاوِ عَلَى مَحَلِّ اسْمِ «لَا» - وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ «نَسَبٌ» - عَطْفُ مُفْرَدٍ عَلَى مُفْرَدٍ،

And 'khulla' is conjoined by the waw to the place of the noun of 'la' - which is his saying 'nasab' - a conjunction of a singular to a singular.

وَهَذَا هُوَ الَّذِي حَمَلَهُ الشَّارِحُ - تَبَعًا لِجُمْهُورِ النُّحَاةِ - عَلَيْهِ.

And this is what the commentator carried - following the majority of grammarians - upon it.

وَقَالَ يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ: إِنَّ «خُلَّةَ» مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ فِي مَحَلِّ نَصْبٍ،

Yunus ibn Habib said: 'Khulla' is built upon the fatha in a place of accusative case.

وَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ نَوَّنَهُ لِلضَّرُورَةِ،

And he mentioned that he tanwined it for necessity.

وَبِنَاؤُهُ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ عِنْدَهُ عَلَى أَنَّ «لَا» الثَّانِيَةَ عَامِلَةٌ عَمَلَ «إِنَّ» مِثْلَ الْأُولَى وَخَبَرُهَا مَحْذُوفٌ يُرْشِدُ إِلَيْهِ خَبَرُ الْأُولَى،

And its building upon the fatha according to him is on the basis that the second 'la' acts with the action of 'inna' like the first, and its predicate is omitted, which the predicate of the first guides to.

وَالتَّقْدِيرُ «وَلَا خُلَّةَ الْيَوْمَ»، وَالْوَاوُ قَدْ عَطَفَتْ جُمْلَةَ «لَا» الثَّانِيَةِ مَعَ اسْمِهَا وَخَبَرِهَا عَلَى جُمْلَةِ «لَا» الْأُولَى وَاسْمِهَا وَخَبَرِهَا،

And the estimation is 'and no friendship today', and the waw has conjoined the sentence of the second 'la' with its noun and predicate to the sentence of the first 'la' and its noun and predicate.

وَهُوَ كَلَامٌ لَا مُتَمَسَّكَ لَهُ،

And it is speech that has no handle.

بَلْ يَجِبُ أَلَّا يُحْمَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْكَلَامُ؛ لِأَنَّ الْحَمْلَ عَلَى وَجْهٍ يَسْتَتْبِعُ الضَّرُورَةَ لَا يَجُوزُ مَتَى أَمْكَنَ الْحَمْلُ عَلَى وَجْهٍ سَائِغٍ لَا ضَرُورَةَ مَعَهُ،

Rather, it is necessary that speech not be carried upon it; because carrying it upon an aspect that entails necessity is not permissible when it is possible to carry it upon a permissible aspect that has no necessity with it.

وَهَذَا إِذَا وَافَقْنَاهُ عَلَى أَنَّ تَنْوِينَهُ لِلضَّرُورَةِ.

And this is if we agreed with him that his tanwin was for necessity.

وَقَالَ الزَّمَخْشَرِيُّ فِي مُفَصَّلِهِ: إِنَّ «خُلَّةَ» مَنْصُوبٌ بِفِعْلٍ مُضْمَرٍ، وَلَيْسَ مَعْطُوفًا عَلَى لَفْظِ اسْمِ «لَا»، وَلَا عَلَى مَحَلِّهِ،

Al-Zamakhshari said in his Mufassal: 'Khulla' is in the accusative case by a hidden verb, and it is not conjoined to the wording of the noun of 'la', nor to its place.

وَالتَّقْدِيرُ عِنْدَهُ: لَا نَسَبَ الْيَوْمَ وَلَا تَذْكُرُ خُلَّةَ،

And the estimation according to him is: No lineage today and do not mention friendship.

وَهُوَ تَكَلُّفٌ لَا مُقْتَضَى لَهُ،

And it is an affectation that has no requirement.

وَيَلْزَمُ عَلَيْهِ عَطْفُ الْجُمْلَةِ الْفِعْلِيَّةِ عَلَى الْجُمْلَةِ الِاسْمِيَّةِ،

And it necessitates the conjunction of the verbal sentence to the nominal sentence.

وَالْأَفْضَلُ فِي الْعَطْفِ تَوَافُقُ الْجُمْلَةِ الْمَعْطُوفَةِ مَعَ الْجُمْلَةِ الْمَعْطُوفِ عَلَيْهَا فِي الْفِعْلِيَّةِ وَالِاسْمِيَّةِ وَنَحْوِهِمَا.

And the best in conjunction is the correspondence of the conjoined sentence with the sentence conjoined to it in verbal and nominal [nature] and the like.

اخْتَلَفَ الْعُلَمَاءُ فِي نِسْبَةِ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ اخْتِلَافًا كَثِيرًا،

The scholars differed in the attribution of this verse a great difference.

فَقِيلَ: هُوَ لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ مَذْحِجٍ، وَكَذَلِكَ نَسَبُوهُ فِي كِتَابِ سِيبَوَيْهِ،

It was said: It is for a man from Madh-hij, and likewise they attributed it in the book of Sibawayh.

وَقَالَ أَبُو رِيَاشٍ: هُوَ لِهَامِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ أَخِي جَسَّاسِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ قَاتِلِ كُلَيْبٍ،

Abu Riyash said: It is for Laham ibn Murra, the brother of Jassas ibn Murra, the killer of Kulayb.

وَقَالَ ابْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ: هُوَ لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ،

Ibn al-A'rabi said: It is for a man from Banu Abd Manaf.

وَقَالَ الْحَاتِمِيُّ: هُوَ لِابْنِ أَحْمَرَ.

Al-Hatimi said: It is for Ibn Ahmar.

وَقَالَ الْأَصْفَهَانِيُّ: هُوَ لِضَمْرَةَ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ،

Al-Isfahani said: It is for Damra ibn Damra.

وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِنَّهُ مِنَ الشِّعْرِ الْقَدِيمِ جِدًّا وَلَا يُعْرَفُ لَهُ قَائِلٌ.

Some of them said: It is from the very ancient poetry and no speaker is known for it.

Vocabulary · المفردات (24 verbs · 52 nouns)

• نَفَى — to negate
• كَانَ — to be
• عَطَفَ — to conjoin
• عَمِلَ — to work
• نَصَبَ — to put in accusative
• حَمَلَ — to interpret
• تَبِعَ — to follow
• بَنَى — to build
• ذَكَرَ — to mention
• نَوَّنَ — to tanwin
• أَرْشَدَ — to guide
• وَجَبَ — to be necessary
• جَازَ — to be permissible
• أَمْكَنَ — to be possible
• وَافَقَ — to agree
• أَضْمَرَ — to conceal
• تَذَكَّرَ — to remember
• لَزِمَ — to necessitate
• تَوَافَقَ — to correspond
• اِخْتَلَفَ — to differ
• قَالَ — to say
• نَسَبَ — to attribute
• قَتَلَ — to kill
• عَرَفَ — to know
• جِنْس — genus
• رَفْع — nominative case
• وَجْه — aspect
• مَحَل — place
• اسْم — noun
• مَوْضِع — position
• ابْتِدَاء — beginning
• زَائِد — extra
• عَمَل — work
• حَوْل — power
• قُوَّة — strength
• قَوْل — saying
• عُمْر — life
• صَغَار — humiliation
• عَيْن — eye
• أُم — mother
• أَب — father
• شَاهِد — evidence
• خُلَّة — friendship
• تَقْدِير — estimation
• تَأْكِيد — emphasis
• وَاو — waw
• مُفْرَد — singular
• شَارِح — commentator
• جُمْهُور — majority
• نَحْوِيّ — grammarian
• فَتْح — fatha
• نَصْب — accusative
• ضَرُورَة — necessity
• بِنَاء — indeclinability
• خَبَر — predicate
• يَوْم — day
• جُمْلَة — sentence
• كَلَام — speech
• مُتَمَسَّك — handle
• سَائِغ — permissible
• تَنْوِين — tanwin
• فِعْل — verb
• مُضْمَر — hidden
• لَفْظ — wording
• تَكَلُّف — affectation
• مُقْتَضَى — a requirement
• عَالِم — scholar
• نِسْبَة — attribution
• بَيْت — verse
• اخْتِلَاف — difference
• رَجُل — man
• كِتَاب — book
• قَاتِل — killer
• شِعْر — poetry
• قَدِيم — ancient
• قَائِل — speaker