Sharh al-Ajurrumiyyah by Ibn Uthaymeen (شرح الآجرومية لابن عثيمين) — Page 9

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْكَلاَمُ هُوَ اللَّفْظُ الْمُرَكَّبُ المُفِيدُ بِالوَضْعِ.

Speech is a compound utterance that conveys a complete meaning by convention.

وأَقْسَامُهُ ثَلاثَةٌ: اسْمٌ، وَفِعْلٌ، وَحَرْفٌ جَاءَ لِمَعْنىً.

It consists of three parts: a noun, a verb, and a particle that carries meaning.

فَالاسْمُ يُعْرَفُ بِالخَفْضِ، وَالتَّنْوِينِ، وَدُخُولِ الأَلِفِ وَاللَّامِ، وَحُرُوفِ الْخَفْضِ، وَهِيَ مِنْ، وَإِلَى، وَعَنْ، وَعَلَى، وَفِي، وَرُبَّ، وَالبَاءُ، وَالكَافُ، وَاللَّامُ، وَحُرُوفِ القَسَمِ وَهِيَ الوَاوُ، وَالبَاءُ، وَالتَّاءُ.

Nouns are identified by the genitive case (khafd), nunation (tanwin), the definite article (al-), and the genitive particles: min, ila, 'an, 'ala, fi, rubba, ba, kaf, and lam, as well as the particles of swearing: waw, ba, and ta.

بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، وَالحَمْدُ للهِ رَبِّ العَالَمِينَ، وَالصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَى نَبِيِّنَا مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِهِ وَأَصْحَابِهِ أَجْمَعِينَ.

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and all his companions.

أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَإِنَّ عِلْمَ النَّحْوِ عِلْمٌ شَرِيفٌ، عِلْمٌ وَسِيلَةٌ؛ يَتَوَسَّلُ بِهَا إِلَى شَيْئَيْنِ مُهِمَّيْنِ.

Grammar is a noble discipline and a vital tool used to achieve two important objectives.

الشَّيْءُ الأَوَّلُ: فَهْمُ كِتَابِ اللهِ وَسُنَّةِ رَسُولِهِ، فَإِنَّ فَهْمَهُمَا يَتَوَقَّفُ عَلَى مَعْرِفَةِ النَّحْوِ.

First, it allows for the understanding of the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger, as both require a grasp of grammar.

وَالثَّانِي: إِقَامَةُ اللِّسَانِ عَلَى اللِّسَانِ العَرَبِيِّ، الَّذِي نَزَلَ بِهِ كَلَامُ اللهِ؛ لِذَلِكَ كَانَ فَهْمُ النَّحْوِ أَمْرًا مُهِمًّا جِدًّا؛ وَلَكِنَّ النَّحْوِ فِي أَوَّلِهِ صَعْبٌ وَفِي آخِرِهِ سَهْلٌ، وَقَدْ مُثِّلَ: بِبَيْتٍ مِنْ قَصَبٍ وَبَابُهُ مِنْ حَدِيدٍ.

Second, it corrects one's speech to align with the Arabic language in which the Word of Allah was revealed. This makes the study of grammar essential. While it may seem difficult at the start, it becomes easy in the end, much like a house built of reeds with a door made of iron.

Vocabulary · المفردات (7 verbs · 52 nouns)

• جَاءَ — to come
• عَرَفَ — to know
• تَوَسَّلَ — to use as a means
• تَوَقَّفَ — to depend
• نَزَلَ — to be revealed
• كَانَ — to be
• مَثَّلَ — to exemplify
• كَلَامٌ — speech
• لَفْظٌ — utterance
• مُرَكَّبٌ — compound
• مُفِيدٌ — beneficial
• وَضْعٌ — convention
• قِسْمٌ — division
• ثَلَاثَةٌ — three
• اسْمٌ — noun
• فِعْلٌ — verb
• حَرْفٌ — particle
• مَعْنًى — meaning
• خَفْضٌ — genitive case
• تَنْوِينٌ — nunation
• دُخُولٌ — entry
• أَلِفٌ — alif
• لَامٌ — lam
• وَاوٌ — waw
• بَاءٌ — ba
• تَاءٌ — ta
• بِسْمٌ — name
• حَمْدٌ — praise
• رَبٌّ — lord
• عَالَمٌ — world
• صَلَاةٌ — prayer
• سَلَامٌ — peace
• نَبِيٌّ — prophet
• آلٌ — family
• أَصْحَابٌ — companions
• عِلْمٌ — knowledge
• نَحْوٌ — grammar
• شَرِيفٌ — noble
• وَسِيلَةٌ — means
• شَيْءٌ — thing
• مُهِمٌّ — important
• أَوَّلٌ — beginning
• فَهْمٌ — understanding
• كِتَابٌ — book
• سُنَّةٌ — tradition
• رَسُولٌ — messenger
• مَعْرِفَةٌ — knowledge
• ثَانِي — second
• إِقَامَةٌ — establishment
• لِسَانٌ — tongue
• عَرَبِيٌّ — Arabic
• أَمْرٌ — matter
• صَعْبٌ — difficult
• آخِرٌ — end
• سَهْلٌ — easy
• بَيْتٌ — house
• قَصَبٌ — reed
• بَابٌ — door
• حَدِيدٌ — iron