Sharh al-Ajurrumiyyah by Ibn Uthaymeen (شرح الآجرومية لابن عثيمين) — Page 17

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

مَثَلًا أَكْرَمْتُ الرَّجُلَ، هَلْ جَاءَتِ الْهَمْزَةُ؟

Take 'I honored the man' for example; does the hamza appear?

مَا جَاءَتْ، وَتَقُولُ مَثَلًا: وَالْقَمَرِ إِذَا تَلَوْنَهَا،

It does not. Consider when you recite: 'the moon'.

وَالْقَمَرُ، هَلْ جَاءَتِ الْهَمْزَةُ؟

In 'the moon,' does the hamza appear?

مَا جَاءَتِ الْهَمْزَةُ، إِذَنْ فَنَنْطِقُ بِاسْمِهَا وَنَقُولُ: الْأَلِفُ وَاللَّامُ.

It does not, so we name the letters instead: alif and lam.

هَذَا الْخِلَافُ هَلْ يَتَرَتَّبُ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ؟

Does this disagreement have any practical consequences?

لَا يَتَرَتَّبُ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ، الْخِلَافُ لَفْظِيٌّ.

It does not; it is merely a matter of terminology.

إِذَنْ إِذَا وَجَدْتَ كَلِمَةً فِيهَا الْأَلِفُ وَاللَّامُ؛ فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّهَا اسْمٌ، تَقُولُ: اللَّيْلُ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَيَّامِ قَصِيرٌ،

If you find a word containing alif and lam, know that it is a noun. For instance, 'The night is short these days.'

اللَّيْلُ فِيهَا مِنْ عَلَامَاتِ الِاسْمِ: الْأَلِفُ وَاللَّامُ.

In 'the night,' the alif and lam are signs of a noun.

قَصِيرٌ فِيهَا مِنْ عَلَامَاتِ الِاسْمِ: التَّنْوِينُ.

In 'short,' the tanwin is a sign of a noun.

وَحُرُوفُ الْخَفْضِ. هَذِهِ الْعَلَامَةُ الرَّابِعَةُ فَدُخُولُ حَرْفِ الْجَرِّ عَلَى الْكَلِمَةِ عَلَامَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهَا اسْمٌ.

Then there are the particles of genitive case. This is the fourth sign: if a preposition precedes a word, it is a noun.

مَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ كَتَبَ لَكَ رِسَالَةً يَحْكِي قِصَّةَ رِحْلَتِهِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فِي الْحَجِّ وَرُجُوعِهِ مِنْهَا.

What would you say about a man who writes you a letter detailing his pilgrimage to Mecca and his return?

هَلْ يُسَمَّى هَذَا كَلَامًا أَمْ لَا؟

Does this count as speech?

هَذَا لَيْسَ بِكَلَامٍ عِنْدَ النَّحْوِيِّينَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِلَفْظٍ.

Grammarians do not consider this speech, as it is not spoken aloud.

مَا تَقُولُ فِيمَا إِذَا قَالَ لَكَ شَخْصٌ: إِنِ اجْتَهَدْتَ هَلْ هَذَا كَلَامٌ أَمْ لَا؟

What if someone says to you, 'If you work hard'—is that speech?

لَا، لَيْسَ كَلَامًا؛ لِأَنَّهُ غَيْرُ مُفِيدٍ.

No, it is not, because it conveys no complete meaning.

Vocabulary · المفردات (12 verbs · 32 nouns)

• أَكْرَمَ — to honour
• جَاءَ — to come
• تَلَا — to recite
• نَطَقَ — to speak
• قَالَ — to say
• تَرَتَّبَ — to result
• وَجَدَ — to find
• عَلِمَ — to know
• كَتَبَ — to write
• حَكَى — to narrate
• سَمَّى — to name
• اجْتَهَدَ — to strive
• مَثَلٌ — example
• رَجُلٌ — man
• هَمْزَةٌ — hamza
• قَمَرٌ — moon
• اسْمٌ — noun
• أَلِفٌ — alif
• لَامٌ — lam
• خِلَافٌ — disagreement
• شَيْءٌ — thing
• لَفْظِيٌّ — verbal
• كَلِمَةٌ — word
• لَيْلٌ — night
• يَوْمٌ — day
• قَصِيرٌ — short
• عَلَامَةٌ — sign
• تَنْوِينٌ — tanwin
• حَرْفٌ — letter
• خَفْضٌ — genitive case
• رَابِعٌ — fourth
• دُخُولٌ — entry
• جَرٌّ — genitive case
• سُؤَالٌ — question
• رِسَالَةٌ — letter
• قِصَّةٌ — story
• رِحْلَةٌ — trip
• حَجٌّ — hajj
• رُجُوعٌ — return
• كَلَامٌ — speech
• نَحْوِيٌّ — grammarian
• لَفْظٌ — utterance
• شَخْصٌ — person
• مُفِيدٌ — useful