Sharh al-Ajurrumiyyah by Ibn Uthaymeen (شرح الآجرومية لابن عثيمين) — Page 14

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

«وَأَقْسَامُهُ ثَلَاثَةٌ».

Its parts are three.

أَقْسَامُ الْكَلَامِ ثَلَاثَةٌ،

The parts of speech are three.

وَالْحَصْرُ يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى تَوْقِيفٍ،

Limitation requires a textual basis.

فَإِذَا قَالَ قَائِلٌ: مَا الدَّلِيلُ عَلَى أَنَّ أَقْسَامَ الْكَلَامِ ثَلَاثَةٌ؟

If someone asks, what is the evidence that there are only three parts of speech?

هَلْ فِي الْقُرْآنِ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ أَقْسَامَ الْكَلَامِ ثَلَاثَةٌ؟

Is there anything in the Quran indicating that speech is divided into three parts?

أَوْ فِي السُّنَّةِ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ أَقْسَامَ الْكَلَامِ ثَلَاثَةٌ؟

Does the Sunnah provide such evidence?

أَوْ فِي الْإِجْمَاعِ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ أَقْسَامَ الْكَلَامِ ثَلَاثَةٌ؟

Is there consensus on this classification?

أَوْ فِي الْقِيَاسِ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ أَقْسَامَ الْكَلَامِ ثَلَاثَةٌ؟

Or does analogy point to this?

نَقُولُ: لَيْسَ فِي الْكِتَابِ، وَلَا السُّنَّةِ؛ وَلَا الْإِجْمَاعِ وَلَا الْقِيَاسِ؛

We reply that it is not found in the Book, the Sunnah, consensus, or analogy.

لِأَنَّ هَذِهِ الْأَدِلَّةَ إِنَّمَا نَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهَا فِي إِثْبَاتِ الْأَحْكَامِ الشَّرْعِيَّةِ،

These sources are used to establish religious rulings, not grammatical ones.

أَمَّا النَّحْوُ فَلَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى هَذَا،

Grammar does not require them.

لَكِنْ لِلْعُلَمَاءِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى انْحِصَارِ أَقْسَامِهِ فِي ثَلَاثَةٍ، وَهُوَ التَّتَبُّعُ وَالِاسْتِقْرَاءُ،

Scholars rely instead on exhaustive observation and induction to limit the parts to three.

يَعْنِي: أَنَّ الْعُلَمَاءَ - رَحِمَهُمُ اللَّهُ - تَتَبَّعُوا كَلَامَ الْعَرَبِ فَوَجَدُوا أَنَّهُ لَا يَخْرُجُ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْأَقْسَامِ الثَّلَاثَةِ: اسْمٌ، وَفِعْلٌ، وَحَرْفٌ.

This means that scholars—may Allah have mercy on them—examined the speech of the Arabs and found it never deviates from these three categories: noun, verb, and particle.

وَإِذَا قُلْتُ: «صَهْ» هُوَ اسْمُ فِعْلٍ لَا يَخْرُجُ عَنْ كَوْنِهِ اسْمًا،

If you say "Sah" (be quiet), it is a verbal noun that still falls under the category of the noun.

فَالِاسْمُ يَشْمَلُ الِاسْمَ الْخَالِصَ، وَاسْمَ الْفِعْلِ.

The term noun encompasses both pure nouns and verbal nouns.

وَالْمُؤَلِّفُ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - نَظَرًا لِكَوْنِ كِتَابِهِ مُخْتَصَرًا وَلِلْمُبْتَدِئِينَ لَمْ يَحُدَّ الِاسْمَ بِاسْمٍ خَاصٍّ

Because the author—may Allah have mercy on him—wrote an abridged text for beginners, he did not provide a formal definition for the noun.

يَعْنِي مَا حَدَّهُ بِالرَّسْمِ لَكِنْ حَدَّهُ بِالْحُكْمِ وَالْعَلَامَةِ.

He did not define it by its essence, but rather by its function and markers.

فَالِاسْمُ - مَثَلًا - بَعْضُ النَّحْوِيِّينَ يَقُولُ هُوَ: مَا دَلَّ عَلَى مَعْنًى فِي نَفْسِهِ، وَخَلَا بِهَيْئَتِهِ عَنِ الدَّلَالَةِ عَلَى الزَّمَانِ.

Some grammarians, for instance, define the noun as a word that carries an independent meaning and whose form does not indicate time.

وَالْفِعْلُ: مَا دَلَّ

The verb is that which indicates...

Vocabulary · المفردات (11 verbs · 36 nouns)

• اِحْتَاجَ — to need
• قَالَ — to say
• دَلَّ — to indicate
• أَثْبَتَ — to prove
• رَحِمَ — to have mercy
• تَتَبَّعَ — to investigate
• وَجَدَ — to find
• خَرَجَ — to exit
• شَمِلَ — to include
• حَدَّ — to define
• خَلَا — to be free from
• شَرْحٌ — explanation
• آجُرُومِيَّةٌ — Ajurrumiyyah
• قِسْمٌ — part
• كَلَامٌ — speech
• حَصْرٌ — limitation
• تَوْقِيفٌ — stipulation
• قَائِلٌ — speaker
• دَلِيلٌ — evidence
• قُرْآنٌ — Quran
• سُنَّةٌ — Sunnah
• إِجْمَاعٌ — consensus
• قِيَاسٌ — analogy
• كِتَابٌ — book
• حُكْمٌ — ruling
• شَرْعِيَّةٌ — legal
• نَحْوٌ — grammar
• عَالِمٌ — scholar
• انْحِصَارٌ — restriction
• تَتَبُّعٌ — investigation
• اسْتِقْرَاءٌ — induction
• عَرَبٌ — Arabs
• اسْمٌ — noun
• فِعْلٌ — verb
• حَرْفٌ — particle
• خَالِصٌ — pure
• مُؤَلِّفٌ — author
• مُخْتَصَرٌ — abridged
• مُبْتَدِئٌ — beginner
• رَسْمٌ — drawing
• عَلَامَةٌ — sign
• نَحْوِيٌّ — grammarian
• مَعْنًى — meaning
• نَفْسٌ — self
• هَيْئَةٌ — form
• دَلَالَةٌ — indication
• زَمَانٌ — time