Saudi Arabic Curriculum (لغتي) — Grade 6, Semester 1 — Page 12

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

مُرَاجَعَةُ الْمُكْتَسَبَاتِ السَّابِقَةِ.

Reviewing previous material.

الْمَاضِي: الزَّمَنُ الْمَاضِي (كَتَبَ).

The past: the past tense (he wrote).

يَنْبَغِي فِي دِرَاسَةِ الْقَوَاعِدِ أَوَّلًا تَحْدِيدُ نَوْعِ الْكَلِمَةِ.

When studying grammar, one must first identify the part of speech.

أَنْوَاعُ الْكَلِمَةِ:

Parts of speech:

الْاِسْمُ: مَا دَلَّ عَلَى مَعْنًى فِي نَفْسِهِ دُونَ اقْتِرَانٍ بِزَمَنٍ.

The noun: a word that carries meaning in itself without reference to time.

عَلَامَاتُهُ: التَّنْوِينُ - أَلِفُ التَّعْرِيفِ - الْجَرُّ.

Its markers: tanwin (nunation), the definite article 'al-', and the genitive case (jar).

الْفِعْلُ: مَا دَلَّ عَلَى حَدَثٍ مُقْتَرِنٍ بِزَمَنٍ.

The verb: a word that indicates an action linked to a specific time.

الْحَرْفُ: لَيْسَ لَهُ مَعْنًى فِي نَفْسِهِ، بَلْ يَدُلُّ عَلَى مَعْنًى فِي غَيْرِهِ، مِثْلُ حُرُوفِ الْجَرِّ وَالْعَطْفِ وَالنِّدَاءِ.

The particle: a word that has no independent meaning but functions in relation to other words, such as prepositions, conjunctions, and vocative particles.

أَحْفَظُ هَذَا الْبَيْتَ وَأُرَدِّدُهُ دَائِمًا:

I memorize this verse and repeat it often:

يَقُولُ ابْنُ مَالِكٍ فِي أَلْفِيَّتِهِ: كَلَامُنَا لَفْظٌ مُفِيدٌ كَاسْتَقِمْ وَاسْمٌ وَفِعْلٌ ثُمَّ حَرْفٌ الْكَلِمُ.

Ibn Malik says in his Alfiyyah: 'Our speech is a useful utterance, like "istaqim" (stand straight); a noun, a verb, and a particle are the words.'

عَلَامَتُهُ: قَبُولُ تَاءِ التَّأْنِيثِ السَّاكِنَةِ وَتَاءِ الْفَاعِلِ (كَتَبَتْ هِنْدُ الْوَاجِبَ، كَتَبْتُ الْوَاجِبَ).

Its markers: accepting the quiescent feminine 'ta' and the subject 'ta' (Hind wrote the homework; I wrote the homework).

أَنْوَاعُ الْفِعْلِ:

Types of verbs:

الْمُضَارِعُ: الزَّمَنُ الْحَاضِرُ أَوِ الْمُسْتَقْبَلُ (يَكْتُبُ).

The imperfect (present): the present or future tense (he writes).

عَلَامَتُهُ: قَبُولُ السِّينِ أَوْ سَوْفَ (سَيُشْكَرُ الْمُجِدُّ ثُمَّ سَوْفَ يُكَافَأُ آخِرَ الْعَامِ).

Its markers: accepting the prefix 'sin' or the particle 'sawfa' (the diligent student will be thanked, and then he will be rewarded at the end of the year).

يَبْدَأُ الْفِعْلُ الْمُضَارِعُ بِأَحَدِ الْحُرُوفِ الْآتِيَةِ: (يَكْتُبُ - تَكْتُبُ - نَكْتُبُ - أَكْتُبُ).

The imperfect verb begins with one of the following letters: (yaktubu, taktubu, naktubu, aktubu).

الْأَمْرُ: الزَّمَنُ الْمُسْتَقْبَلُ (اكْتُبْ).

The imperative: the future tense (write).

عَلَامَتُهُ: اتِّصَالُهُ بِيَاءِ الْمُخَاطَبَةِ (اكْتُبِي).

Its marker: accepting the 'ya' of address (write [feminine]).

أَلْفِيَّةُ ابْنِ مَالِكٍ وَالْمُسَمَّاةُ أَيْضًا بِالْخُلَاصَةِ هِيَ قَصِيدَةٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ بَيْتٍ مِنْ نَظْمِ الْإِمَامِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، تَتَمَيَّزُ بِالْإِحَاطَةِ بِالْقَوَاعِدِ النَّحْوِيَّةِ وَالصَّرْفِ.

Ibn Malik's Alfiyyah, also known as Al-Khulasah, is a poem of a thousand verses composed by Imam Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Malik, noted for its comprehensive coverage of grammar and morphology.

Vocabulary · المفردات (12 verbs · 49 nouns)

• كَتَبَ — to write
• اِنْبَغَى — to be necessary
• دَلَّ — to indicate
• حَفِظَ — to memorize
• رَدَّدَ — to repeat
• قَالَ — to say
• اسْتَقَامَ — to stand straight
• قَبِلَ — to accept
• شَكَرَ — to thank
• كَافَأَ — to reward
• بَدَأَ — to begin
• تَمَيَّزَ — to be distinguished
• مُرَاجَعَة — review
• مُكْتَسَب — acquired
• زَمَن — time
• دِرَاسَة — study
• قَاعِدَة — rule
• نَوْع — type
• كَلِمَة — a word (grammatical term)
• اِسْم — noun
• مَعْنًى — meaning
• نَفْس — self
• اقْتِرَان — conjunction
• عَلَامَة — sign
• تَنْوِين — nunation
• تَعْرِيف — definition
• جَرّ — genitive case
• فِعْل — Form I (verb pattern)
• حَدَث — event
• حَرْف — letter
• غَيْر — other
• عَطْف — conjunction
• نِدَاء — vocative
• بَيْت — verse
• أَلْفِيَّة — millennium poem
• لَفْظ — utterance
• مُفِيد — beneficial thing
• تَأْنِيث — feminization
• فَاعِل — active/doer
• وَاجِب — homework
• مُضَارِع — imperfect tense
• حَاضِر — present
• مُسْتَقْبَل — future
• سِين — letter 's'
• مُجِدّ — diligent person
• آخِر — end
• عَام — year
• اتِّصَال — connection
• يَاء — letter Y
• مُخَاطَبَة — addressing
• خُلَاصَة — summary
• قَصِيدَة — poem
• نَظْم — composition
• إِمَام — leader
• إِحَاطَة — comprehensiveness
• نَحْوِيّ — grammatical
• صَرْف — morphology
• كَلَام — speech
• مُقْتَرِن — associated
• مُسَمَّاة — named, designated (female)
• تَاء — T (letter)