Saudi Arabic Curriculum (لغتي) — Grade 5, Semester 2 — Page 12

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

أَنْوَاعُ الكَلِمَةِ.

Parts of speech.

الاِسْمُ: مَا دَلَّ عَلَى مَعْنًى فِي نَفْسِهِ دُونَ اقْتِرَانٍ بِزَمَنٍ.

The noun: A word that carries meaning on its own without reference to time.

عَلَامَاتُهُ: التَّنْوِينُ، أَلِ التَّعْرِيفِ، الجَرُّ، النِّدَاءُ.

Its markers: Tanwin (nunation), the definite article 'al-', the genitive case (jar), and the vocative (nida').

الفِعْلُ: مَا دَلَّ عَلَى حَدَثٍ مُقْتَرِنٍ بِزَمَنٍ.

The verb: A word that indicates an action associated with time.

أَنْوَاعُهُ: مَاضٍ، مُضَارِعٌ، أَمْرٌ.

Its types: Past, present, and imperative.

الحَرْفُ: لَفْظٌ لَا يَظْهَرُ مَعْنَاهُ إِلَّا إِذَا اقْتَرَنَ بِغَيْرِهِ.

The particle: A word that only expresses meaning when linked to other words.

مِثْلُ: حُرُوفِ الجَرِّ (إِلَى، عَنْ، فِي...) وَالعَطْفِ (الوَاوُ، ثُمَّ، الفَاءُ) وَالنِّدَاءِ (يَا).

Examples: Prepositions (to, from, in...), conjunctions (and, then, so), and the vocative (O).

أَنْوَاعُ الفِعْلِ: مَاضٍ (كَتَبَ، دَرَسَ)، مُضَارِعٌ (يَدْرُسُ، يَكْتُبُ)، أَمْرٌ (ادْرُسْ، اكْتُبْ).

Verb types: Past (he wrote, he studied), present (he studies, he writes), and imperative (study, write).

الجُمْلَةُ الاِسْمِيَّةُ: الَّتِي تَبْدَأُ بِاسْمٍ وَلَهَا رُكْنَانِ أَسَاسِيَّانِ: المُبْتَدَأُ وَالخَبَرُ، وَهُمَا مَرْفُوعَانِ دَائِمًا.

The nominal sentence: A sentence that begins with a noun and consists of two main parts: the subject (mubtada') and the predicate (khabar), both of which are always in the nominative case.

مِثَالٌ: (الشَّمْسُ سَاطِعَةٌ).

Example: (The sun is bright).

الجُمْلَةُ الفِعْلِيَّةُ: الَّتِي تَبْدَأُ بِفِعْلٍ وَلَهَا رُكْنَانِ أَسَاسِيَّانِ: فِعْلٌ يَدُلُّ عَلَى حَدَثٍ، وَفَاعِلٌ يُحْدِثُ الفِعْلَ.

The verbal sentence: A sentence that begins with a verb and consists of two main parts: a verb that indicates an action, and a subject (fa'il) that performs that action.

مِثَالٌ: (يَحْرِصُ المُسْلِمُ عَلَى فُرُوضِهِ).

Example: (The Muslim is diligent in performing his religious duties).

Vocabulary · المفردات (10 verbs · 37 nouns)

• دَلَّ — to indicate
• اقْتَرَنَ — to be associated
• ظَهَرَ — to appear
• كَتَبَ — to write
• دَرَسَ — to study
• بَدَأَ — to begin
• رَفَعَ — to elevate
• سَطَعَ — to shine
• أَحْدَثَ — to cause
• حَرَصَ — to be keen
• نَوْع — type
• كَلِمَة — a word (grammatical term)
• اِسْم — noun
• مَعْنًى — meaning
• نَفْس — self
• اقْتِرَان — association
• زَمَن — time
• عَلَامَة — sign
• تَنْوِين — nunation
• تَعْرِيف — definition
• جَرّ — genitive case
• نِدَاء — vocative
• فِعْل — Form I (verb pattern)
• حَدَث — event
• مَاضٍ — past
• مُضَارِع — present
• أَمْر — imperative
• حَرْف — particle
• لَفْظ — utterance
• غَيْر — other
• مِثْل — example
• عَطْف — conjunction
• وَاو — letter waw
• فَاء — fa
• جُمْلَة — sentence
• رُكْن — pillar
• أَسَاسِيّ — basic
• مُبْتَدَأ — subject
• خَبَر — predicate
• مَرْفُوع — nominative
• مِثَال — an example
• شَمْس — sun
• سَاطِعَة — shining
• فَاعِل — active/doer
• مُسْلِم — Muslim
• فَرْض — duty
• مُقْتَرِن — associated