Qisas al-Anbiya by Ibn Kathir (قصص الأنبياء لابن كثير) — Page 18

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

هَؤُلَاءِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ، أَيْ سَيُوجَدُ مِنْهُمُ الْأَنْبِيَاءُ وَالْمُرْسَلُونَ وَالصِّدِّيقُونَ وَالشُّهَدَاءُ وَالصَّالِحُونَ

These are what you do not know, meaning there will come from among them the prophets, the messengers, the truthful, the martyrs, and the righteous.

ثُمَّ بَيَّنَ لَهُمْ شَرَفَ آدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي الْعِلْمِ فَقَالَ : وَعَلَّمَ آدَمَ الْأَسْمَاءَ كُلَّهَا عَبَّاسٌ(٢٣)

Then He clarified to them the superiority of Adam over them in knowledge, saying: 'And He taught Adam the names, all of them' (Abbas [23]).

قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ (٢٣) : هِيَ هَذِهِ الْأَسْمَاءُ الَّتِي يَتَعَارَفُ بِهَا النَّاسُ : إِنْسَانٌ وَدَابَّةٌ ، وَأَرْضٌ ، وَسَهْلٌ ، وَبَحْرٌ ، وَجَبَلٌ ، وَجَمَلٌ ، وَحِمَارٌ ، وَأَشْبَاهُ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْأُمَمِ وَغَيْرِهَا

Ibn Abbas (23) said: These are the names that people use to identify things: human, beast, earth, plain, sea, mountain, camel, donkey, and similar things from among the nations and others.

وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ : عَلَّمَهُ اسْمَ الصَّحْفَةِ ، وَالْقِدْرِ ، حَتَّى الْفَسْوَةِ وَالْفَسِيَّةِ

Mujahid said: He taught him the name of the bowl and the pot, even the fart and the breaking of wind.

وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ : عَلَّمَهُ اسْمَ كُلِّ دَابَّةٍ ، وَكُلِّ طَيْرٍ وَكُلِّ شَيْءٍ

Mujahid said: He taught him the name of every beast, every bird, and everything.

وَكَذَا قَالَ سَعِيدُ ابْنُ جُبَيْرٍ وَقَتَادَةُ وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ

Sa'id ibn Jubayr, Qatadah, and more than one other person said the same (24).

وَقَالَ الرَّبِيعُ : عَلَّمَهُ أَسْمَاءَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ

Al-Rabi' said: He taught him the names of the angels.

وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زَيْدٍ : عَلَّمَهُ أَسْمَاءَ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ

Abd al-Rahman ibn Zayd said: He taught him the names of his descendants (25).

وَالصَّحِيحُ : أَنَّهُ عَلَّمَهُ أَسْمَاءَ الذَّوَاتِ وَأَفْعَالَهَا مُكَبِّرَهَا وَمُصَغَّرَهَا ، كَمَا أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا

The correct view is that He taught him the names of entities and their actions, their large and small forms, as indicated by Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both.

وَذَكَرَ الْبُخَارِيُّ (٢٦) هُنَا مَا رَوَاهُ هُوَ وَمُسْلِمٌ (٢٧) مِنْ طَرِيقِ سَعِيدٍ وَهِشَامٍ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ (٢٨) ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ : « يَجْتَمِعُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَيَقُولُونَ لَوْ اسْتَشْفَعْنَا إِلَى رَبِّنَا ، فَيَأْتُونَ آدَمَ فَيَقُولُونَ أَنْتَ أَبُو الْبَشَرِ ، خَلَقَكَ اللَّهُ بِيَدِهِ ، وَأَسْجَدَ لَكَ مَلَائِكَتَهُ ، وَعَلَّمَكَ أَسْمَاءَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ » وَذَكَرَ تَمَامَ

Al-Bukhari (26) mentioned here what he and Muslim (27) narrated via the path of Sa'id and Hisham from Qatadah from Anas ibn Malik (28), from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), who said: 'The believers will gather on the Day of Resurrection and say, "If only we could seek intercession with our Lord." They will come to Adam and say, "You are the father of mankind; Allah created you with His hand, made His angels prostrate to you, and taught you the names of everything."' He then mentioned the rest.

Vocabulary · المفردات (15 verbs · 46 nouns)

• عَلِمَ — to teach
• وَجَدَ — to find
• بَيَّنَ — to clarify
• قَالَ — to say
• تَعَارَفَ — to know one another
• أَشَارَ — to point
• رَضِيَ — to be pleased
• ذَكَرَ — to mention
• رَوَى — to narrate
• اجْتَمَعَ — to gather
• اسْتَشْفَعَ — to seek intercession
• أَتَى — to come
• خَلَقَ — to create
• أَسْجَدَ — to make prostrate
• تَوَفَّى — to pass away
• نَبِيٌّ — prophet
• مُرْسَلٌ — messenger
• صِدِّيقٌ — truthful person
• شَهِيدٌ — martyr
• صَالِحٌ — righteous person
• شَرَفٌ — honor
• عِلْمٌ — knowledge
• اسْمٌ — name
• إِنْسَانٌ — human
• دَابَّةٌ — creature
• أَرْضٌ — earth
• سَهْلٌ — plain
• بَحْرٌ — sea
• جَبَلٌ — mountain
• جَمَلٌ — camel
• حِمَارٌ — donkey
• أُمَّةٌ — nation
• صَحْفَةٌ — bowl
• قِدْرٌ — pot
• فَسْوَةٌ — fart
• فَسِيَّةٌ — small fart
• طَيْرٌ — bird
• شَيْءٌ — thing
• مَلَكٌ — angel
• ذُرِّيَّةٌ — offspring
• ذَاتٌ — essence
• فِعْلٌ — action
• طَرِيقٌ — path
• مُؤْمِنٌ — believer
• يَوْمٌ — day
• قِيَامَةٌ — resurrection
• رَبٌّ — lord
• بَشَرٌ — human
• يَدٌ — hand
• أَبٌ — father
• سُورَةٌ — surah
• آيَةٌ — verse
• سَنَةٌ — year
• طَبَقَةٌ — class
• تَفْسِيرٌ — interpretation
• كِتَابٌ — book
• إِيمَانٌ — faith
• بَابٌ — chapter
• أَهْلٌ — people
• جَنَّةٌ — paradise
• مَنْزِلَةٌ — status