Palestinian Arabic Curriculum — Grade 9, Semester 1 — Page 61

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

تَأَمَّلْ: إِذَا تَفَحَّصْنَا الْفِعْلَ (تَضَعْضَعَ) الْوَارِدَ فِي الْمِثَالِ الْأَوَّلِ، الَّذِي وَزْنُهُ (تَفَعْلَلَ) وَجَدْنَا أَنَّ جِذْرَهُ رُبَاعِيٌّ (ضَعْضَعَ) عَلَى وَزْنِ (فَعْلَلَ)، حَيْثُ زِيدَتِ التَّاءُ عَلَى الْجِذْرِ الرُّبَاعِيِّ (فَعْلَلَ)، كَذَلِكَ الْفِعْلُ (تَسَلْسَلَ) فِي الْمِثَالِ الثَّانِي جِذْرُهُ الرُّبَاعِيُّ (سَلْسَلَ)، وَوَزْنُهُ (تَفَعْلَلَ)، بِزِيَادَةِ التَّاءِ عَلَى مُجَرَّدِهِ، وَهَذَا مَا يُعْرَفُ بِمَزِيدِ الرُّبَاعِيِّ بِحَرْفٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَأَنَّ هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةَ جَعَلَتِ الْفِعْلَ لَازِمًا بَعْدَ أَنْ كَانَ مُتَعَدِّيًا فِي صِيغَةِ الْمُجَرَّدِ (فَعْلَلَ)، (دَحْرَجَ الطَّالِبُ الْكُرَةَ فَتَدَحْرَجَتْ).

Reflect: If we examine the verb (tada'da'a) from the first example, which follows the pattern (tafa'lala), we find its root is the quadriliteral (da'da'a) on the pattern (fa'lala), with a 'ta' added to the root. Similarly, the verb (tasalsala) in the second example has the quadriliteral root (salsala) and follows the pattern (tafa'lala) through the addition of a 'ta' to its simple form. This is known as a quadriliteral verb augmented by one letter, and this addition makes the verb intransitive, whereas it was transitive in its simple (fa'lala) form (e.g., the student rolled the ball, so it rolled).

وَمِثْلُهَا تَبَعْثَرَ وَتَزَلْزَلَ.

Similar examples are (taba'thara) and (tazalzala).

أَمَّا إِذَا تَأَمَّلْنَا الْفِعْلَيْنِ (اشْمَأَزَّ، وَاطْمَأَنَّ) فِي الْمِثَالَيْنِ الثَّالِثِ وَالرَّابِعِ، فَإِنَّنَا نُلَاحِظُ أَنَّ حَرْفَيْنِ زِيدَا عَلَى الْجِذْرِ الرُّبَاعِيِّ (فَعْلَلَ)؛ لِيُصْبِحَ (افْعَلَلَّ)، بِزِيَادَةِ الْهَمْزَةِ فِي أَوَّلِهِ، وَتَضْعِيفِ اللَّامِ الْأَخِيرَةِ، وَمِنْ أَمْثِلَتِهِ كَذَلِكَ اقْشَعَرَّ، وَاكْفَهَرَّ.

If we examine the verbs (ishma'azza) and (itma'anna) in the third and fourth examples, we observe that two letters have been added to the quadriliteral root (fa'lala) to create the (if'alalla) pattern, formed by adding a hamza at the beginning and doubling the final lam. Other examples include (iqsha'arra) and (ikfaharra).

…6 more translated lines, 32 more verbs and 46 more nouns on this page — subscribe to study every page.

Vocabulary · المفردات (35 verbs · 49 nouns)

• تَأَمَّلَ — to contemplate
• تَفَحَّصَ — to examine
• وَجَدَ — to find
• مِثَال — example
• وَزْن — weight/measure
• جِذْر — root