Al-Nahw al-Wadih Primary — Volume 2 (النحو الواضح للمرحلة الابتدائية) — Page 9

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

مِنَ الْجُمْلَةِ؛ فَآخِرُ كُلٍّ مِنَ الْكَلِمَتَيْنِ أَيْنَ وَذَبَحَ مُلَازِمٌ لِلْفَتْحِ فِي الْأَمْثِلَةِ السَّابِقَةِ وَفِي غَيْرِهَا، وَآخِرُ «مِنْ» مُلَازِمٌ لِلسُّكُونِ فِي الْأَمْثِلَةِ السَّابِقَةِ، وَفِي غَيْرِهَا كَذَلِكَ.

From the sentence; the end of each of the two words 'ayna' (where) and 'dhabaḥa' (slaughtered) remains fixed on the fatḥah in the previous examples and in others, and the end of 'min' (from) remains fixed on the sukūn in the previous examples, and in others as well.

وَمِنَ الْكَلِمَاتِ الَّتِي تَثْبُتُ أَوَاخِرُهَا عَلَى حَالٍ وَاحِدَةٍ جَمِيعُ الْحُرُوفِ، وَكَذَلِكَ الْأَفْعَالُ الْمَاضِيَةُ وَأَفْعَالُ الْأَمْرِ مِنْ غَيْرِ اسْتِثْنَاءٍ.

Among the words whose endings remain fixed in one state are all particles, as well as all past tense verbs and imperative verbs without exception.

وَإِذَا تَأَمَّلْتَ الْكَلِمَاتِ: الْقُطْنَ وَالْوَرْدَةَ وَيُثْمِرُ فِي أَمْثِلَةِ الْقِسْمِ الثَّانِي، وَجَدْتَ آخِرَ كُلِّ كَلِمَةٍ مِنْهَا يَتَغَيَّرُ مِنْ حَالٍ إِلَى حَالٍ بِتَغَيُّرِ مَكَانِهَا مِنَ الْجُمْلَةِ، فَكَلِمَتَا الْقُطْنِ وَالْوَرْدَةِ قَدْ تَغَيَّرَ آخِرُ كُلٍّ مِنْهُمَا فِي الْأَمْثِلَةِ السَّابِقَةِ مِنَ الرَّفْعِ إِلَى النَّصْبِ ثُمَّ إِلَى الْجَرِّ، وَكَلِمَةُ يُثْمِرُ تَغَيَّرَ آخِرُهَا فِي الْأَمْثِلَةِ الْمُتَقَدِّمَةِ أَيْضًا مِنَ الرَّفْعِ إِلَى النَّصْبِ ثُمَّ إِلَى الْجَزْمِ.

If you examine the words: 'al-quṭna' (the cotton), 'al-wardata' (the rose), and 'yuthmiru' (it bears fruit) in the examples of the second section, you will find that the end of each of them changes from one state to another with the change of its place in the sentence; the two words 'al-quṭn' and 'al-wardah' had their endings changed in the previous examples from nominative (rafʿ) to accusative (naṣb), then to genitive (jarr), and the word 'yuthmiru' also had its ending changed in the aforementioned examples from nominative (rafʿ) to accusative (naṣb), then to jussive (jazm).

الْقَوَاعِدُ: (٢٧) الْكَلِمَاتُ تَنْقَسِمُ قِسْمَيْنِ: مَا يَثْبُتُ آخِرُهُ عَلَى حَالٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فِي جَمِيعِ التَّرَاكِيبِ وَيُسَمَّى مَبْنِيًّا، وَمَا يَتَغَيَّرُ آخِرُهُ وَيُسَمَّى مُعْرَبًا.

Rules: (27) Words are divided into two categories: that which has its ending fixed in one state in all constructions and is called mabnī (indeclinable), and that which has its ending changed and is called muʿrab (declinable).

الْحُرُوفُ كُلُّهَا مَبْنِيَّةٌ، وَكَذَلِكَ جَمِيعُ الْأَفْعَالِ الْمَاضِيَةِ، وَجَمِيعُ أَفْعَالِ الْأَمْرِ.

(28) All particles are indeclinable (mabnī), as are all past tense verbs and all imperative verbs.

Vocabulary · المفردات (8 verbs · 25 nouns)

• ذَبَحَ — to slaughter
• ثَبَتَ — to remain fixed
• تَأَمَّلَ — to contemplate
• أَثْمَرَ — to bear fruit
• وَجَدَ — to find
• تَغَيَّرَ — to change
• اِنْقَسَمَ — to be divided
• سَمَّى — to name
• جُمْلَةٌ — sentence
• آخِرٌ — end
• كَلِمَةٌ — word
• مُلَازِمٌ — adherent
• فَتْحٌ — fatha
• مِثَالٌ — an example
• غَيْرٌ — other
• سُكُونٌ — sukun
• حَالٌ — state
• حَرْفٌ — letter
• فِعْلٌ — verb
• أَمْرٌ — imperative
• اِسْتِثْنَاءٌ — exception
• قُطْنٌ — cotton
• وَرْدَةٌ — rose
• قِسْمٌ — part
• مَكَانٌ — place
• رَفْعٌ — raf'
• نَصْبٌ — nasb
• جَرٌّ — jarr
• جَزْمٌ — jazm
• قَاعِدَةٌ — rule
• تَرْكِيبٌ — construction
• مَبْنِيٌّ — indeclinable
• مُعْرَبٌ — declinable