Al-Nahw al-Wadih Primary — Volume 2 (النحو الواضح للمرحلة الابتدائية) — Page 134

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَإِذَا نَظَرْتَ فِي الْأَفْعَالِ الْمُضَارِعَةِ الَّتِي فِي الْأَمْثِلَةِ السَّابِقَةِ، رَأَيْتَ تَقْدِيرَ الضَّمِيرِ الْمُسْتَتِرِ فِي كُلِّ فِعْلٍ يَخْتَلِفُ بِاخْتِلَافِ حُرُوفِ الْمُضَارَعَةِ،

And if you look at the present tense verbs that are in the previous examples, you will see the estimation of the hidden pronoun in every verb differs according to the difference of the present tense letters.

فَالْفَاعِلُ الْمُسْتَتِرُ فِي الْمَبْدُوءِ بِالْيَاءِ مِثْلُ يَنْبَحُ تَقْدِيرُهُ هُوَ، وَفِي الْمَبْدُوءِ بِتَاءِ التَّأْنِيثِ تَقْدِيرُهُ هِيَ، وَفِي الْمَبْدُوءِ بِالْهَمْزَةِ تَقْدِيرُهُ أَنَا، وَفِي الْمَبْدُوءِ بِالنُّونِ تَقْدِيرُهُ نَحْنُ، وَفِي الْمَبْدُوءِ بِتَاءِ الْمُخَاطَبِ تَقْدِيرُهُ أَنْتَ.

The hidden doer in that which starts with ya, like 'yanbahu', is estimated as 'he', and in that which starts with the ta of feminization it is estimated as 'she', and in that which starts with the hamza it is estimated as 'I', and in that which starts with the nun it is estimated as 'we', and in that which starts with the ta of the addressee it is estimated as 'you'.

وَإِذَا نَظَرْتَ فِي أَفْعَالِ الْأَمْرِ مِثْلُ: عَظِّمْ، وَنَظِّفْ، وَجَدْتَ أَنَّ الْفَاعِلَ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ تَقْدِيرُهُ أَنْتَ دَائِمًا.

And if you look at the imperative verbs like: 'azzim' (magnify) and 'nazzif' (clean), you will find that the doer is a hidden pronoun estimated as 'you' always.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (9 verbs · 22 nouns)

• نَظَرَ — to look
• رَأَى — to see
• اِخْتَلَفَ — to differ
• فِعْل — verb
• مُضَارِع — present tense
• مِثَال — an example