Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 2 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 59

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَإِمَّا عِنْدَ حُضُورِ الْمُشَبَّهِ كَمَا فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَلَازَوَرْدِيَّةٍ يَعْنِي الْبَنَفْسَجَ تَزْهُو، قَالَ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ فِي "الصِّحَاحِ": زُهِيَ الرَّجُلُ فَهُوَ مَزْهُوٌ، إِذَا تَكَبَّرَ، وَفِيهِ لُغَةٌ أُخْرَى حَكَاهَا ابْنُ دُرَيْدٍ: زَهَا يَزْهُو زَهْوًا بِزُرْقَتِهَا بَيْنَ الرِّيَاضِ عَلَى حُمْرِ الْيَوَاقِيتِ يَعْنِي الْأَزْهَارَ وَالشَّقَائِقَ الْحُمْرَ كَأَنَّهَا فَوْقَ قَامَاتٍ ضَعُفْنَ بِهَا أَوَائِلُ النَّارِ فِي أَطْرَافِ كِبْرِيتٍ، فَإِنَّ صُورَةَ اتِّصَالِ النَّارِ بِأَطْرَافِ الْكِبْرِيتِ لَا يَنْدُرُ حُضُورُهَا فِي الذِّهْنِ نُدْرَةَ بَحْرٍ مِنَ الْمِسْكِ مَوْجُهُ الذَّهَبِ، لَكِنْ يَنْدُرُ حُضُورُهَا عِنْدَ حُضُورِ صُورَةِ الْبَنَفْسَجِ، فَيُسْتَطْرَفُ بِمُشَاهَدَةِ عِنَاقٍ بَيْنَ صُورَتَيْنِ مُتَبَاعِدَتَيْنِ، وَقَدْ يَعُودُ الْغَرَضُ مِنَ التَّشْبِيهِ إِلَى الْمُشَبَّهِ بِهِ، وَإِمَّا عِنْدَ أَيْ وَإِمَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ تِلْكَ النُّدْرَةُ حَاصِلَةً فِي الْمُشَبَّهِ بِهِ عِنْدَ حُضُورِ الْمُشَبَّهِ لَا مُطْلَقًا لِكَوْنِ الْمُشَبَّهِ بِهِ مُشَاهَدًا مُعْتَادًا، لَكِنْ مَوَاطِنُهُ غَيْرُ مَوَاطِنِ الْمُشَبَّهِ؛ لِكَوْنِ كُلٍّ مِنْهُمَا مِنْ وَادٍ غَيْرِ وَادِي الْآخَرِ، فَيَبْعُدُ حُضُورُ أَحَدِهِمَا فِي الذِّهْنِ عِنْدَ حُضُورِ الْآخَرِ.

Or it may be upon the presence of the likened-to [the subject], as in his saying: 'And a lazuli one'—meaning the violet—'is proud,' for Al-Jawhari said in 'Al-Sihah': 'A man is zuhiya, so he is mazhuw,' when he acts arrogantly, and there is another dialect reported by Ibn Durayd: 'zaha, yazhu, zahwan,' with its blueness among the gardens over the red rubies—meaning the flowers and the red anemones—as if they were upon stalks that the beginnings of fire on the tips of sulfur have weakened; for the image of fire touching the tips of sulfur does not rarely occur to the mind, unlike a sea of musk whose waves are gold, but its occurrence is rare when the image of the violet is present, so it is considered novel to witness an embrace between two distant images, and the purpose of the simile may return to the likened-to [the object], or—that is, or it may be that this rarity occurs in the likened-to [the object] upon the presence of the likened [the subject], not absolutely, because the likened-to is a commonly witnessed thing, but its locations are not the locations of the likened [subject]; because each of them is from a different valley than the other, so the presence of one of them in the mind is remote when the other is present.

وَلَازَوَرْدِيَّةٍ: الْوَاوُ وَاوُ "رُبَّ"، وَ"لَا" جُزْءٌ مِنَ الْكَلِمَةِ لَيْسَ بِنَافِيَةٍ، وَهُوَ بِكَسْرِ الزَّايِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ، وَقِيلَ: بِالْفَتْحِ وَالْوَاوُ مَفْتُوحٌ وَالرَّاءُ سَاكِنَةٌ وَاللَّازَوَرْدِيَّةُ صِفَةٌ لِمَحْذُوفٍ، أَيْ رُبَّ أَزْهَارٍ مِنَ الْبَنَفْسَجِ لَازَوَرْدِيَّةٍ نَسَبَهَا الشَّاعِرُ لِلْحَجَرِ الْمَعْرُوفِ بِاللَّازَوَرْدِ؛ لِكَوْنِهَا عَلَى لَوْنِهِ فَهِيَ نِسْبَةٌ تَشْبِيهِيَّةٌ.

'Wa-lazawardiyyah': The 'wa' is the 'wa' of 'rubba' [many a], and the 'la' is part of the word, not a negation, and it is with a kasra on the dotted 'zay', though it is said: with a fatha, and the 'waw' is fatha-voweled, and the 'ra' is quiescent, and 'lazawardiyyah' is an adjective for an omitted noun, meaning 'many a flower of the violet that is lazuli,' which the poet attributed to the stone known as lapis lazuli because it is of its color, so it is a simile-based attribution.

قَالَ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ: أَشَارَ بِهَذَا إِلَى أَنَّ "زُهِيَ" مِنَ الْأَفْعَالِ الْمُلَازِمَةِ لِلْبِنَاءِ لِلْمَفْعُولِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْمَعْنَى لِلْبِنَاءِ لِلْفَاعِلِ فَيُقَالُ زُهِيَ الرَّجُلُ كَمَا يُقَالُ جُنَّ الرَّجُلُ.

Al-Jawhari said: He indicated by this that 'zuhiya' is one of the verbs that is permanently in the passive voice, even if the meaning is active, so one says 'zuhiya al-rajulu' [the man acted arrogantly] just as one says 'junna al-rajulu' [the man went mad].

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Vocabulary · المفردات (22 verbs · 72 nouns)

• زَهَا — to be proud
• تَكَبَّرَ — to be arrogant
• حَكَى — to narrate
• فَنّ — art
• تَشْبِيه — simile
• حُضُور — presence